Simple Technological Process Research Articles

Peningkatan teknologi bagi agroindustri pliek-u sebagai upaya pelestarian kearifan lokal di Aceh [Technology improvement on pliek-u agroindustry as an effort to maintain a local wisdom in Aceh

Pliek-u is a specialty food product in Aceh with local wisdom values that should be preserved. The Program of Community Service Based Product (PKMBP) aimed to improve the pliek-u agro-industry by adapting simple processing technologies so that it could lighten work, produce quality products, and attract the interest of the younger generation as pliek-u entrepreneurs in future. The method applied consist of surveys, preparation of tools and materials, assembly of a solar tunnel dryer type Hohenheim Aceh and a hydraulic press, training and dissemination of technology through field schools, and evaluation of the program with pre-tests and post-tests. Data analysis was carried out using the Wilcoxon rank test with alpha of 5%. The results of the program were the construction of 1 unit of Hohenheim Aceh tunnel dryer, 1 unit of hydraulic press, and the implementation of training and dissemination activities which have been published in the form of videos on YouTube media and press releases through online media. The results of the Wilcoxon rank test also showed that of the 13 participants whose data were valid, 100% of participants received positive rankings and the pre-test scores were significantly different from the post-test scores. Thus, it can be concluded that the program carried out has contributed to increasing the knowledge, expertise capacity, and interest of participants in pliek-u processing technologies since the profile of conventional agroindustry can be transformed to be better agroindustry by the use of solar tunnel dryer type Hohenheim Aceh and hydraulic press. In addition, the use of technologies will ensure the halal requirement of pliek-u.

Sustainability and circularity assessment of the potential of a biofuel produced from black liquor as a substitute for conventional fuels

The European Bioeconomy Strategy aims to accelerate the deployment of a sustainable European bioeconomy to maximize its contribution to the 2030 Agenda and its Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), as well as to the Paris Agreement on climate change. In this context, transport is considered as a key sector, with aviation and shipping playing an important role due to the need to meet its huge demand. In order to reduce potential emissions from the transport sector, the use of biofuels could be considered as a solution. However, with the aim of using biofuels to replace conventional fuels, it is important to assess their cost-effectiveness and feasibility, and in this aspect the valorization of waste streams for their production could help to meet this challenge. This is the framework of this research report, which is based on the use of black liquor (BL) from pulp and paper production to produce biofuel through a hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) unit. Three technological designs and production capacities were considered: full extraction of the oil phase and its upgrading by catalytic hydrothermal deoxygenation (Scenario 1, S1), partial extraction of the oil phase (Scenario 2, S2) and full extraction but without upgrading (Scenario 3, S3). Low (100 t/d), medium (300 t/d) and high (600 t/d) production capacities were regarded.From the modelling data, a life cycle perspective was adopted, taking into account both the environmental analysis (LCA) and the life cycle costs (LCC), as well as the circular potential using different performance, resource-flow circularity and economic indicators. In addition, a composite indicator, CILCA-LCC-CA, has been proposed to obtain a single score taking into account the three assessments: environmental, cost and circularity. The results obtained show that S3, with a production of 300 t/d, has the lowest environmental impact and the highest profitability corresponds to a capacity of 600 t/d. In terms of circularity, S3 also shows the best performance, mainly due to its higher resource productivity and lower energy intensity. These results are in line with those obtained for the composite indicator, and also show that higher production capacities and a simple but efficient process technology, such as S3, is the alternative with the highest potential for both sustainability and circularity.

Self-assembled Si-based anode combined with electrostatic spinning method to realize high-performance lithium-ion batteries

Addressing the volume expansion when silicon and metal oxides alone are used as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. This study used a simple self-assembly method and electrostatic spinning technique to prepare silicon@copper oxide@carbon nanofibres (CNFs) anodes with dual modification. The high rigidity of metal oxide CuO and the excellent cycling stability of CNFs effectively reduce the buildup of silicon particles, alleviate the volume expansion effect, and improve the electrical conductivity, which leads to better cycling stability and larger specific capacity of lithium-ion batteries. An excellent reversible specific capacity of 748.5 mAh g‐1−1 was observed after 800 cycles at a high current density of 1 A g−1. In addition, the surface of Si@CuO@CNFs electrodes remains smooth and undamaged after 800 cycles, and the increase in cross-sectional thickness is about 68 %, which is significantly smaller than the 300 % increase in cross-sectional thickness of pure Si anode and effectively improves the specific capacity of Li-ion batteries. This research optimizes the design of silicon-based anode materials with simple and mature process technology, which makes an indispensable contribution to developing high-efficiency, long-life, and environmentally friendly lithium-ion batteries. The easy availability and non-polluting nature of the materials used also effectively reduce the reliance on rare or expensive elements, minimize the production process's environmental impact, and vigorously promote the global energy transition and low-carbon green development strategy.

Physicochemical and Nutritional Characterization of Green Banana Flour from Discarded Cavendish Bananas

Fifteen percent of harvested bananas are discarded daily in the Canary Islands at packing houses because of marketing standards, mainly based on their appearance, or are retired to avoid falls in the market price of bananas. This discarded fruit is an environmental issue, and green banana flour (GBF) is an interesting management alternative for it. In this paper, the artisanal process for obtaining GBF was optimized. The study of physicochemical and nutritional characteristics of this gluten-free flour indicated a high contribution of starch, fiber, phenolics, K, and Mg to dietary intake. Storage of GBF at room temperature (20 ± 5 °C) for ten months slightly increased its moisture and acidity and decreased its starch content, phenolic content, and pH. Some color changes were observed after 5 months, but sensory characteristics were still acceptable after ten months. Green bananas storage prior to GBF elaboration showed they were suitable for obtaining good quality GBF even after 7 weeks at 6 °C, but only 4 weeks at 12 °C. Discriminant analysis classified the GBF correctly according to the cooperative origin, time, and storage temperature of the bananas used in its preparation. These results provide information that could be used in other banana-producing regions for reducing the environmental impact of fruit waste and obtaining GBF using a simple and inexpensive technological process.

Formation Mechanism of Deposits in Rotary Kiln during Steelmaking Dust Carbothermic Recycling

Rotary kiln has been widely used in hazardous waste treatment because of its strong adaptability to raw materials, high productivity, and simple processing technology. However, the formation of deposits reduces its performance period and profitability. This study characterized the deposit mineralogy and thermodynamically and experimentally investigated its formation mechanism. The results show that the main phases of the deposit are magnetite, monolithic iron, olivine, and yellow feldspar. They indicate that the deposit formation process was accompanied by the participation of alkaline and iron oxides. The intermediate product Ca2SiO4 can promote the generation of low melting point phases, such as CaFeSiO4 and Ca2Al2SiO7, which are the main phases of deposit materials. Additionally, the reduction intermediate product FeO facilitated the generation of a liquid ferrous mixture (Fe3O4-FeO and Fe3O4-FeO-Fe mixture), which in turn further promoted the growth of the initial deposit phase. The solid deposit formed and attached to the kiln inner wall, along with a decrease in temperature. These results are expected to provide an idea or approach for fundamentally solving the problem of deposits in the rotary kiln.

Empowering The "Ngeteh Sore" Parent Community In Climate Change Adaptation Through A Parenting Program

Abstract. The parent community can be empowered as a pioneer in sustainable, environmentally conscious education. The parent community has the ability to influence fellow parents and children through practice and information dissemination. Strengthening the form of increasing understanding, awareness, and skills is needed so that the process of change can occur. The service was carried out online and offline using FGD and workshop methods. The implementation of assistance for the "Ngeteh Sore" parent community has been carried out by inviting people from three countries: the Philippines, Thailand, and Malaysia. The discussion participants from the three countries actively provided information on best practices in their respective countries. In general, the Philippine community propagates plants around the house in an effort to improve air health, while in Thailand, local wisdom people who are bound by religious beliefs preserve nature, such as by controlling the use of water and preserving forests and plants that can provide control over the surrounding environment. Some participants from Indonesia explained that recycling organic waste into organic fertilizer and raising maggots have economic value. The offline visit to Malaysia provided an understanding that the government’s role is very influential on family behavior and responding to climate change. Offline discussions and training on the application of simple household waste processing technology to liquid and solid organic fertilizers have provided practical and easy-to-do skills. The Ngeteh Sore community, as a partner in this empowerment activity, plays an active role in coordinating the implementation, mobilizing community members to participate, and actively contributing to discussions, workshops, and authors in the preparation of the book.

Production of cellulosic textile materials with antimicrobial properties

This article presents data on the development of cellulose textile materials with antimicrobial properties using zinc acetate and alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride. Cellulose textile materials are promising carriers of antimicrobial agents. These fabrics have good absorbability, which facilitates their treatment with antimicrobial agents and ensures easy passage and retention of flow and wound compartments. The aim of this work is to obtain cellulose textile materials with antimicrobial properties. Studies on the effect of the proposed compositions on the coefficient of resistance to microbiological destruction of cellulose textile materials have been carried out. The effect of various antimicrobial preparations on the microbiological resistance of textiles has been studied. The properties and structure of the objects of research, as well as the mechanism of interaction of the applied components have been studied. The studies have shown that the modified cellulose textile materials acquire antimicrobial properties and are not destroyed by microorganisms under operating conditions while maintaining optimal physical and mechanical properties, hygienic properties, stable antimicrobial effect, ensuring safety of use, as well as protection from the impact of pathogenic microflora. The advantage of the developed compositions is the availability of the materials used and a simple technological process for the production of biostable cellulose textile materials of different weave and different surface density.

Strategi Pengembangan Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah (UMKM) Kerupuk Sagu Di Desa Pulau Banjar Kari,Kecamatan Kuantan Tengah, Kabupaten Kuantan Singingi

Sago cracker MSMEs still produce sago to the extent of the household industry, simple processing technology and lack of promotion of sago crackers. The research objective was to analyze the internal and external environment of sago cracker MSMEs, formulate and determine technical strategies and policies for the development of sugo cracker MSMEs in Kuanta Singingi Regency. This research was conducted by survey with quantitative and qualitative descriptive analysis. Qualitative descriptive using IFE and EFE matrix while qualitative descriptive wing SWOT method. The total internal factor evaluation (IFE) score was 2.6694 and the total external factor evaluation (EFE) score was 2.9857. The GE matrix results in sago cracker MSMEs located in quadrant (hold and maintain), namely market and product development. The resulting strategies for the development of sago cracker MSMEs are a MSMEs have a long-term development strategy by The experience of MSM owners has been on busmess for a long time, c) Policy and political support for the development of MSMEX d) MSMEs get guidance from the government, dy Participate in exhibitions and expus organized by the government both inside and outside the area. e) Product diversification and innovation by utilizing trend models in the community Marketing strategies to communities, inibes religions and other segments of society. ) Carrying out product mapping so that the product innovations produced cannot be imitated, h) Product penetration marketing strategies through discounts and price reductions, i) Digitalization strategy for marketing MSME products to reach a wider market. Develop partnerships between business actors in product and market development andk) Establishing partnerships with raw material suppliers

Re-Rolling Treatment in the Fermentation Process Improves the Aroma Quality of Black Tea.

Aroma is a vital factor influencing tea quality and value. It is a challenge to produce a kind of black tea with a floral/fruity aroma, good taste, and without a green/grassy odor simultaneously using small- and medium-leaf tea species. In this study, the effect of re-rolling treatment on the aroma quality of small-leaf Congou black tea was investigated using the methods of the equivalent quantification of aroma and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Sensory evaluation showed that re-rolling treatment improved the aroma quality of Congou black tea by conferring upon it floral and fruity scents. In total, 179 volatile compounds were identified using GC-MS, of which 97 volatiles showed statistical differences (Tukey s-b(K), p < 0.05). Re-rolling treatment significantly reduced the levels of alcoholic fatty acid-derived volatiles (FADVs) and volatile terpenoid (VTs), but increased the levels of aldehydic and ester FADVs, most amino acid-derived volatiles (AADVs), carotenoid-derived volatiles (CDVs), alkene VTs, and some other important volatile compounds. Based on the odor characteristics and fold changes of differential volatile compounds, hexanoic acid, hexyl formate, cis-3-hexenyl hexanoate, (Z)-3-hexenyl benzoate, hexyl hexanoate, phenylacetaldehyde, benzyl alcohol, β-ionone, α-ionone, dihydroactinidiolide, ipsenone, β-farnesene, β-octalactone, melonal, etc., were considered as the potential key odorants responsible for the floral and fruity scents of re-rolled black tea. In summary, this study provides a novel and simple processing technology to improve the aroma quality of small-leaf Congou black tea, and the results are beneficial to enriching tea aroma chemistry.

Strain Regulation and Photophysical Properties in Halide Perovskite

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are regarded as the most promising new generation of green energy technology due to their outstanding device performance and simple processing technology. The strain in the active layer of PSCs is primarily caused by lower interionic and intercrystal forces, leading to an increase in defect density and high recombination of carriers, which can negatively impact the performance and stability of perovskite devices. Herein, the origins of strain in perovskite film of solution processing are revealed by conducting strain tests and characterizing photophysical processes. The impacts of strain on optical and electrical properties are summarized, including its effects on molecular interaction force, band structure, defect formation energy, activation energy of ion migration, phase segregation, and phase transition. To mitigate these negative effects, the review introduces several methods for modulating strain in perovskite films, including crystallization, component tailoring, adding additives, and modifying contact layers, which are aimed at improving carrier transport and collection efficiency. It is believed that these approaches will provide scientists with new ways of thinking and system schemes for improving the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells.

The concept and algorithmic method of optimizing the „in situ” asphalt recycling processes

Abstract The paper presents the result of research on choosing of options for technological equipments, processus based on the criteria of effective costs and operational energy. Based on graph theory, the method of selecting the mechanization variant is designed to achieve predictable technical and economic indicators. Thus, the selection stage is the starting point for the technological processes and operational equipment of execution on the working front. In this case, in-situ cold recycling can be optimized with minimal costs and operating power. The proposed graph has as main elements the nodes through which the simple technological processes associated with the variants of the technological equipments used are represented. Each node of the graph contains the following information regarding the machine type, input/output size, evaluation and decision algorithm. Finally, a case study for the Wirtgen equipment recycling technology system is presented.

Slot-Die-Coated Active Layer for Printed Flexible Back-Contact Perovskite Solar Cells

Perovskites have already shown potential as active layers in photovoltaic applications. Furthermore, a low-cost and simple solution processing technology allows perovskites to be used in flexible and printed electronics. Perovskite solar cells (PSC) with a back-contact (BC) structure, in which the electrode system is based on a quasi-interdigitated back-contact (QIBC) design, promise to increase the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of devices beyond those that can be obtained using PSCs with a traditional sandwich structure. While the spin-coating technique is used to deposit the perovskite layer of lab-scale BC PSCs, the application of large-area printing techniques to deposit the perovskite layer of such devices is yet to be explored. Therefore, this work demonstrates an application of the slot-die coating technique to print the perovskite active layer of BC PSCs with QIBC electrodes on flexible polymer substrates. The morphology of the obtained perovskite films on QIBC electrodes are investigated and the primary photoelectric parameters of the resulting BC PSCs are measured. The charge carrier recombination processes in the fabricated BC PSCs are investigated and the dominant mechanism for carrier loss in the devices is determined. The findings of the work give an insight into the properties of the slot-die-coated perovskite active layer of BC PSCs and points to exciting new research opportunities in this direction.

Technical points of human use experience of ethnic medicine

Ethnic medicine has a rich history of application. Because of the large number of ethnic groups, wide geographical distribution, and unique medical systems in China, the research on the human use experience(HUE) of ethnic medicine should combine the characteristics of ethnic medicine, be based on practical experience, and respect folk practice and tradition. The clinical positioning of ethnic medicine should consider three factors, i.e., population region, dominant diseases, and clinical demand. We should consider the development of traditional preparations that meet the needs of ethnic regions and encourage the development of new drugs that can be popularized and used nationwide for the dominant diseases of ethnic medicines. Attention should be paid to the problems such as a large number of customary articles or substitutes of ethnic medicinal materials, the phenomena of foreign bodies with the same name and different names for the same substance, the different standards of medicinal materials, and the poor processing standards. The name, processing method, source, medicinal parts, and dosage of ethnic medicinal materials or decoction pieces should be determined, and resources should be carefully evaluated to ensure the safety of medicinal resources and ecology. The preparation of ethnic medicine is mostly in the form of pills, powder, ointment, etc., with simple processing technology. The problems of low-quality stan-dards of some preparations, different prescriptions with the same name, and inconsistent processing technology should be overcome, and the process route and main process parameters should be clarified to lay the foundation for the subsequent empirical research on HUE. In the collection and analysis of the HUE data of ethnic medicine, the core guiding ideology of &quot;patient-centered&quot; should be established, and the experience data of patients should be collected. The problems of weak links existing in the inheritance of ethnic medicine should be solved, and flexible and diverse methods should be adopted. Meanwhile, on the premise of complying with the requirements of the principles of medical ethics, we should respect the religion, culture, and customs of ethnic areas to obtain the key HUE information of ethnic medicine. On the basis of the patient preference information and differences in regional disease epidemiology, population characteristics, and medical practice, whether the HUE conclusions of ethnic medicine can be extrapolated to patients outside the region is evaluated from the aspects of clinical benefits, risk tolerance, risk acceptance, etc. The HUE research on ethnic medicine is carried out in a clear way to guide the research and development of new ethnic medicines.

Unravelling Charge Storage Mechanisms of Lithium, Sodium and Potassium into Graphene‐Coffee Waste Derived Hard Carbon Composites

AbstractHard carbons are promising anode materials for lithium, sodium and potassium‐ion batteries attending to their low cost, simple processing technology and outstanding electrochemical performance. However, their complex structure and controversial carrier‐ion storage mechanisms makes difficult the prediction of their performance. Herein, we investigate the insertion storage mechanisms behind of three different alkali metal ions (lithium, sodium and potassium) into a hard carbon composite obtained by the pyrolysis of coffee waste and graphene oxide. The insertion/deinsertion processes have been monitored by galvanostatic intermittent titration technique and operando X‐Ray diffraction. Results reveal that alkaline metal ions follow an adsorption‐intercalation mechanism where the high potential region can be ascribed to the adsorption of the alkaline metal ions on the surface active sites, while slopping region arises from their intercalation between the pseudo‐graphitic micro‐crystallites. Moreover, the graphene‐coffee waste hard carbon exhibits a notorious capacity retention after 300 charge/discharge cycles in all the alkaline metals evaluated.

ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ГАРБУЗА ПРИ ВИРОБНИЦТВІ КОТЛЕТ РИБНИХ ДИТЯЧИХ

Modern baby food is characterized by a marked deterioration in children's eating habits. Unhealthy foods (snacks and sweets) are increasingly appearing in children's diets, and the amount of nutritionally valuable foods (vegetables, fish, etc.) is significantly decreasing. That is why it is important to introduce dishes with a balanced nutritional composition into children's diets.An analysis of research and publications in the field of baby food technology has shown that little attention has been paid to the development of recipes for multicomponent fish dishes for the children's menu of hotel and restaurant business estab-lishments in the scientific literature today.The aim of the article is to substantiate the recipe for children's fish cutlets "Pumpkin" with enrichment with functional ingredients to increase the biological value and improve the organoleptic properties of the finished dish.The recipe of children's fish cutlets "Pumpkin" was developed by completely replacing the main fish raw material in the traditional recipe of amateur fish cakes with cod fillets with the addition of pumpkin purée and completely replacing the aux-iliary raw materials with rye bread, quail eggs, almond milk, olive oil. Samples of the new dish were made, its organoleptic and physicochemical quality indicators were studied, and its biological value was calculated. A comprehensive assessment of the quality of children's fish cutlets "Pumpkin" was carried out using the Harrington method.Fish cutlets for children "Pumpkin" have a simple technological process of preparation and can be included in the children's menu of hotel and restaurant business establishments

Recent Advances of Solid Additives Used in Organic Solar Cells: Toward Efficient and Stable Solar Cells

Bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic photovoltaics (OPVs) are considered to be the most promising generation of green energy technology due to their outstanding device performance and simple processing technology. The morphology of the active layer of OPVs is the key to its device performance and stability. So for, various strategies have been proposed to optimize the morphology, such as thermal annealing, solvent annealing, adding solvent additives and so on. However, the posting annealing is not compatible with large-area printing. In addition, solvent additives are easy to remain in active layer, which continuously deteriorate the morphology and performance of OPVs. Recently, the addition of solid additives has drawn significant attentions due to its unique characteristics, including improved device stability, precise morphology control as well as easy accessibility. Hence, it gradually becomes a universal and popular strategy for optimizing the morphology of OPVs with high power conversion efficiency (PCE). However, the relationship between properties of solid additives and morphologies of active layers is still ambiguous, which inhibit the further development of solid additive and its application in new emerging OPVs systems. To this end, we summarized the recently reported solid additives according to their volatility, i.e., whether solid additives remain in final active layer or not. Furthermore, the different mechanisms that solid additives optimize the morphology of active layer are intensively discussed, including the free volume and diffusivity, intermolecular adsorption energy, interaction among donor and acceptor, and crystal nucleation and growth, which may give predictions for selecting proper solid additives in new emerging blends. Finally, the challenges and future development of solid additives in OPVs are briefly prospected.

Improving the dimensional stability of round bamboo by environment-friendly modified rosin

Round bamboo is an environment-friendly and sustainable building, construction, and furniture material. It presents several advantages, such as high strength-to-weight ratio, pliability, and simple processing technology. However, natural round bamboo has inferior dimensional stability and is difficult to modify because of the hydrophobic substance on its outer layer. In this study, we designed a simple and efficient alkali pretreatment method (6 % NaOH treatment), which could effectively remove the hydrophobic layer from the bamboo surface, as well as significantly improve its permeability for the subsequent impregnation treatment. Round bamboo was impregnated with epoxy-modified rosin and natural rosin with different concentrations. Results showed that parts of the epoxy-modified rosin occupied the cell lumens of the bamboo, even filling the nanopores of cell walls and intercellular spaces (the pore volume of the round bamboo decreased by 84.76 % in 10–140 nm compared with the natural rosin) to exhibit improved dimensional stability (anti-swelling efficiency increased by 33.74 %) and hydrophobicity (contact angle increased, and water absorption decreased by 24.73 %). After impregnating the round bamboo, the modified rosin was physically filled into the vessels, parenchyma cells, and other structures. Meanwhile, the peak at 908 cm−1 indicates the disappearance of the the CO stretching vibration of the epoxy ring, confirming the occurrence of a reaction between the modified rosin and hydrophilic groups in the round bamboo. Therefore, impregnation with modified rosin can markedly improve the dimensional stability of round bamboo. The modified round bamboo exhibits considerable potential for application as a green structural material in an outdoor environment or a special environment with highly variable humidity.

Functionalized multi-effect air filters with bimodal fibrous structure prepared by direction growth of keratin nanofibers

Traditionally, nonwoven air filters have advantages of high filtration efficiency, simple processing technology and low costs. However, nonwoven air filters show poor capability of removing both PMs and harmful gases simultaneously due to the lack of the functional groups as well as inaccessible trade-off in efficiency and resistance, which limits their applications. Herein, an integrated air filter of keratin nanofibers (KNF) and bicomponent microfibers (BMF) nonwovens with bimodal structure has been fabricated via heterogeneous freeze-drying to effectively remove formaldehyde (HCHO) and realize high-efficient filtration. Interestingly, it was found that BMF can not only act as a reinforcement that can endow bimodal structure with excellent mechanical properties but also regulate airflow resistance and filtration efficiency by inducing directional growth of KNF. Therefore, the results reveal that the KNF/BMF nonwovens possess high filtration efficiency (93.9%) for removing PMs of 0.26 μm at low airflow resistance (94.92 Pa) and exceptional long-term filtration capability (25.2 g/m2). In addition, the KNF possessing many functional groups shows high removal efficiency for HCHO (>50%) in the 1L quartz closed reactor after 120 min. This study demonstrates that the KNF/BMF nonwovens show great potential applications in the field of multi-efficiency air filters and provide a sustainable strategy for the application of discarded feathers in air remediation.

Laser-Induced Slippery Liquid-Infused Surfaces with Anticorrosion and Wear Resistance Properties on Aluminum Alloy Substrates.

Slippery liquid-infused surfaces (SLISs) are developed as a potential alternative to superhydrophobic surfaces (SHSs) to resolve the issues of poor durability in corrosion protection and wear resistance. In this work, we used a simple laser processing technology to prepare a SLIS on the aluminum alloy (7075) surface. The superhydrophobicities of the modified surface and the oil film formed by liquid injection make the corrosive medium difficult to directly contact the surface and thus have a significant effect on corrosion resistance. The water and oil repellent SLIS exhibits durable corrosion resistance and excellent tribological properties compared with the SHS. The anticorrosion and wear resistance performances provided by the composite film have been assessed by multiple methods including the electrochemical test, immersion test, and friction wear test. The results indicate that compared to the bare surface, laser-ablated surface (LAS), and fluoroalkyl silane-modified SHS, the SLIS composite coating has better corrosion resistance and wear resistance, which is of great significance to expand the potential applications of 7075 aluminum alloys. The work provides a research basis for expanding the practical application of SLISs in complex environments.

Simple processing technology for the production of consumption salt in Indonesia

As an archipelagic country, Indonesia has a concentrated deposit of salt in Java and Madura Island. Furthermore, the total demand for the mineral in 2017, 2018, and 2019 were 3.9, 4, and 4.2 million tons, respectively. This study was carried out in 4 stages, namely identification of raw materials, crystallization, mechanical, and re-crystallization. The salt crystallization and purification process is beneficial to the aquaculture, fishery, and health sectors. The results showed that the raw materials obtained from the coastal areas of East Java and Bali Island have an average NaCl interval estimation range of 80.31% to 92.37%, which indicates that they are suitable for salt production. The product obtained from the processes have the potential to initiate diversification of business development in the country with an estimation range of 95.38% to 97.25%.