Simple Preparation Research Articles

Natural insect-derived Nanoparticle: An ultra-bright and instantaneous Labeled signal tag for green and efficient Immunochromatographic assay of chloramphenicol

With the increasing international attention to environmental protection, higher requirements are put forward for green detection technology with simple preparation, sustainable material application, and efficient result output. Herein, we firstly proposed the natural insect-derived nanoparticle with ultra-bright and instantaneous labeling capability as a signal tag for stable and efficient immunochromatographic assay (ICA) to meet above challenges. The FDA-approved insect-extracted carmine (E120) nanoparticles (CANPs) were specifically regulated by pH changes to enhance dispersity and produce an ultra-bright color as signal tags. Notably, owing to the rich functional groups in CANPs, the CANPs-probe formed rapidly and efficiently (less than 1 min) to improve the reproducibility and precision, getting rid of the high cost and resources (9-fold reduction of mAbs). As proof of concept, the CANPs-based ICA strategy realized ultra-bright red bands on the test trip, without background within 15 min for chloramphenicol (CAP) detection, attained more than 457-fold improvements in LOD over classic AuNP-ICA and a 5-fold reduction in cost in each detection. Its excellent application potential has been verified in different natural waters with recoveries ranging from 91.93-126.45 %. This study reveals a promising strategy for green detection technology for antibiotics in natural water.

Simple preparation of nitenpyram-intercalated clay nanosheets with reduced leaching risk and improved safety to insect pollinators

Neonicotinoids, highly toxic to insects, are among the world's most used insecticides. However, their harmful effects on pollinators like honeybees and potential to contaminate water bodies have drawn significant criticism. Herein, a nanopesticide, NTP@LDH, was developed by intercalating the model neonicotinoid insecticide nitenpyram (NTP) within layered double hydroxide (LDH) materials using a simple one-pot method. The NTP@LDH showed a nano-sized sheet structure, with an average particle size of 206.2 nm and a loading capacity of 14.6 %. The release rate of NTP@LDH under acidic conditions was higher than that under alkaline or neutral conditions. The photodegradation capacity and insecticidal activity of NTP were unaffected by intercalation in LDH. Importantly, NTP@LDH could significantly enhance the foliar adhesive properties of NTP, retard its leaching through the soil, and improve its safety for honeybees. Moreover, LDH was safe for crops and can improve their growth. This work provides a promising strategy with a simple procedure that could reduce leaching risks of neonicotinoids while concurrently enhancing their safety to pollinating creatures.

Highly sensitive flexible pressure sensor based on laser ablated Ag-MWCNT /MXene for human motion detection

The complex and dynamic human environment, higher requirements are put forward for the high-performance flexible pressure sensors. The materials selection and microstructure design are crucial to achieve high sensitivity and stability. In this work, we fabricated pressure sensitive layer with multiple dimensional materials. Using laser ablation in liquid method, Ag nanoparticles were uniformly distributed in surface of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). Combined with the delaminated MXene, highly pressure sensitive composite could be prepared due to the reduction of contact resistance under pressure. The corresponding piezoresistive sensors showed high sensitivity (12.7 kPa−1), excellent response speed (150 ms), recovery speed (100 ms), and distinguished cycle stability (3000 cycles). Based on the performance of the sensor, it can realize the monitoring of tiny pressure on the human body, and further realize the detection of human activities and health. In addition, the sensor array has spatial recognition capability, providing a way of thinking for the development needs of future intelligent wearable electronic devices. The sensors can measure changes in resistance caused by finger bending, slight breathing, pulse, vocal cord vibration, and other movements to realize human activity and health monitoring. At the same time, the 3×3 sensor array system can recognize the layout of pressure in space. This simple preparation and low cost of the sensor can Facilitate the progress towards sophisticated wearable electronic gadgets.

Baseline measurements in the assessment of ESS-specific radionuclide uptake by crops cultivated in Southern Sweden

The European Spallation Source, ESS, is a neutron research facility under construction in Lund, Southern Sweden. The Facility will produce neutrons by spallation, using a powerful linear accelerator to deliver protons to a tungsten target. In addition to the desired neutron production, a long list of radionuclides will be created as by-products of the nuclear reaction inside the target. The Swedish Radiation Safety Authority has established a list of the most relevant radionuclides, in terms of contribution to the effective dose to ESS workers and the general public, should an accidental release of irradiated target material occur. This list includes radionuclides that are not produced by the nuclear energy industry, in particular 178mHf, 182Ta, 187W, 148Gd and 173Lu. Ongoing research efforts aim to determine the best analytical methods to assess these exotic and often difficult-to-measure radionuclides in environmental samples. This work investigates the potential of X-ray fluorescence and time-of-flight elastic Recoil detection analysis for the assessment of soil samples, and the potential of particle induced X-ray emission for the assessment of crop samples. These techniques require only simple sample preparation steps and no chemical extraction, unlike the conventional environmental monitoring methods such as inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and show promise as complimentary methods enabling fast sample throughput. This study focuses on the analysis of uncontaminated soil and crops, to provide baseline data, whilst simultaneously assessing the available measurement capabilities. For the X-ray fluorescence system used in this study, the method detection limit for W in soil was determined to be 0.147ppth, and Zr which can be correlated with the migration of Hf was clearly measurable.

Fumed nano-silica modified PVA-chitosan composite hydrogel with Janus structure for solar-driven interfacial evaporation

Solar-driven interfacial evaporation (SIE) receives much attention nowadays. At present, efficient thermal management and salt resistance during operation are still the difficulties of SIE technology. In this work, a new composite hydrogel for SIE has been reported. This composite hydrogel uses polyvinyl acetate (PVA) and chitosan (CS) as the framework, carbon nanoparticles (CB) as the photothermal material, modified with hydrophilic/hydrophobic fumed nano-silica. The addition of fumed nano-silica reduces the thermal conductivity and effectively immobilizes heat energy on the evaporator’s top surface, which reduces heat loss and improves the evaporation rate. The CSPC (CB/Nano-silica PVA-CS) evaporator modified with hydrophobic nano-silica exhibits Janus structure with transition from a hydrophobic top to a hydrophilic bottom. The Janus-structured CSPC evaporator has the characteristics of excellent salt resistance, simple preparation process, low heat loss with self-floating property. The CSPC evaporator containing 0.5 g hydrophobic fumed nano-silica has a maximum evaporation rate of 1.58 kg/(m2·h), about 1.6 times higher than the evaporator without fumed nano-silica, which proves that the introduction of fumed nano-silica can effectively improve the evaporation performance of hydrogel. The overall efficiency of CSPC evaporator in simulated seawater is 88.63 %. The evaporation rate of CSPC evaporator has reached a high level in the evaporators using carbon black as photothermal material which was prepared by simple and low-cost method. It should be a promising category of material to be employed for solar desalination.

Synthesis of VS4 and VO on carbon nanofibers for back interface modification in HTL free CsPbBr3-based perovskite solar cells

Carbon-based hole transport layer (HTL)-free all-inorganic perovskite solar cells (C-PSCs) exhibit advantages of simplified preparation procedure, high stability, and low cost, showcasing significant application potential. Nonetheless, the development of C-PSCs requires overcoming challenges such as the misalignment of energy levels between carbon counter electrode and the CsPbBr₃ perovskite, abundant defects at the perovskite/carbon back interface, and the carbon counter electrode's low conductivity. Herein, VS₄ and VO-deposited carbon nanofibers (CNF), termed VS₄@CNF and VO@CNF respectively, have been synthesized to adjust the work function and improve the conductivity of the carbon counter electrode. CsPbBr₃-based C-PSCs employing VS₄@CNF and VO@CNF as counter electrodes yield power conversion efficiencies of 7.88 % and 8.80 %, indicating great PCE enhancements of 15.4 % and 28.8 % as compared with the device with unmodified CNF counter electrodes. This improvement is attributed to the optimized conductivity and adjusted work function of the counter electrodes, which can optimize the energy level alignment, thereby enhancing charge carrier extraction and transport while effectively inhibiting recombination. Furthermore, VS₄@CNF and VO@CNF demonstrate a notable passivation effect on defects at the back interface. This study offers a valuable path for the design of novel carbon counter electrodes and the modification of the back interface in carbon-based all-inorganic C-PSCs.

Plant transpiration inspired biomass-derived solar evaporator for highly efficient solar vapor generation

The interface solar evaporation is an energy-saving and environmentally friendly method for seawater desalination and sewage purification. In this work, a biomimetic solar evaporator (ppy@AZL) inspired by plant transpiration was designed to achieve high efficient vapor generation. The ppy@AZL evaporator was made of zizania latifolia as raw material, has a cellulose skeleton with high water transport after alkalization and was decorated with photothermal polypyrrole to form bionic branches and leaves, and has excellent photothermal conversion performance. The evaporation performance and potential application of ppy@AZL evaporator in seawater desalination and sewage treatment were studied. The results indicated that the average evaporation rate of the ppy@AZL in simulated seawater (3.5 wt%) under the irradiation of one sun (1 kW m−2) was 2.239 kg m−2 h−1, and the photothermal conversion efficiency was 93.4 % in this work. In addition, the ppy@AZL evaporator has excellent evaporation rate of 2.668 kg m−2 h−1 in 9 h outdoor continuous evaporation experiment of simulated seawater (3.5 wt%), and can continuously and stably generate vapor. Therefore, this study provided a new solar evaporator with low-cost, simple preparation, better salt resistance, and high evaporation performance for seawater desalination and sewage treatment.

Dual-frequency optical-microwave atomic clocks based on cesium atoms

133Cs, the only stable cesium (Cs) isotope, is one of the most investigated elements in atomic spectroscopy and was used to realize the atomic clock in 1955. Among all atomic clocks, the cesium atomic clock has a special place, since the current unit of time is based on a microwave transition in the Cs atom. In addition, the long lifetime of the 6P3/2 state and simple preparation technique of Cs vapor cells have great relevance to quantum and atom optics experiments, which suggests the use of the 6S−6P D2 transition as an optical frequency standard. In this work, using one laser as the local oscillator and Cs atoms as the quantum reference, we realize two atomic clocks at the optical and microwave frequencies. Both clocks can be freely switched or simultaneously output. The optical clock, based on the vapor cell, continuously operated with a frequency stability of 3.9×10−13 at 1 s, decreasing to 2.2×10−13 at 32 s, which was frequency-stabilized by modulation transfer spectroscopy and estimated by an optical comb. Then, applying this stabilized laser to an optically pumped Cs beam atomic clock to reduce the laser frequency noise, we obtained a microwave clock with a frequency stability of 1.8×10−12/τ, reaching 6×10−15 at 105 s. This study demonstrates an attractive feature for the commercialization and deployment of optical and microwave clocks, and will guide the further development of integrated atomic clocks with better stability. Therefore, this study holds significant practical implications for future applications in satellite navigation, communication, and timing.

Detecting dissolved mercury(ii) ions using chitosan-AgNP strips integrated with smartphones.

A simple preparation of a paper strip test with a smartphone-based instrument for detecting dissolved mercury is still in development. This study aims to develop a smartphone-based colorimetric paper strip test using chitosan-stabilized silver nanoparticles for detecting dissolved mercury. The method demonstrated high sensitivity and selectivity for Hg2+ ions, with detection limits comparable to UV-vis spectrophotometry. Silver ions embedded in the chitosan matrix were reduced by either sodium NaBH4 or N2H4. Both chi-AgNP colloidal and chi-AgNP paper strips were tested for sensitivity of mercury(ii) solution detection with and without ion interference. The accuracy of colour change responding to the mercury concentration was recorded with several smartphones in a handmade cubical and a T-shape micro-studio. Only NaBH4 gives colloidal chi-AgNPs relatively dispersed, and the colloidal chi-AgNPs become aggregated when AgNP interacts with mercury(ii) ions. The colour change of chi-AgNP paper strips responding to the concentration of mercury(ii) and quantified using a smartphone is consistent when confirmed with UV-vis spectrophotometric determination with a comparable limit of detection (0.76 μM). The inferring ions do not significantly affect mercury(ii) analyses. Therefore, the paper strip integrated with the smartphone is effectively used for mercury(ii) detection in water as long as the mercury concentration is >1 μM. This finding might inspire advanced technology with a larger number of data references, and machine learning involvement to develop more compatible and simple mercury detection.

Construction of highly efficient flame retardant cellulose nanofibrils/bamboo activated charcoal based composite aerogel sheet for excellent PM2.5 removal

Developing biomass air filter materials with efficient filtration for particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) and low pressure drop is a great challenge. Targeting this issue, cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) were employed as the skeleton materials mixing with bamboo activated charcoal (BAC), polyethyleneimine (PEI), and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) as the functional fillers, followed by freeze-drying and hydrophobic modification to prepare CNF/BAC based composite aerogel sheet for capture for PM2.5. The resulting aerogel sheet showed good filtration efficiency for PM2.5 (98.64 %), which benefited from the three-dimensional network structure from CNFs and PEI and electrostatic adsorption of both BAC and APP with negative charge. After reusing for 5 times, the filtration efficiency of the system could still maintain at 95.88 %. In addition, the introduced both APP and PEI made the system have excellent flame retardant through the synergistic effect of nitrogen and phosphorus. In view of excellent properties and simple preparation, this work supplies a promising way to prepare multifunctional biomass air filter.

High ultraviolet gain in Ga2O3/ZnO heterojunction photodetector based on MSM structure

Amorphous Ga2O3 (a-Ga2O3) has attracted extensive attention due to its simple preparation process and low cost, but the extension of photoelectron lifetime caused by the trap state inhibits the responsiveness of a-Ga2O3 photodetector (PD), and how to improve the ultraviolet (UV) gain of a-Ga2O3 based PD is still a challenge. In this study, an a-Ga2O3/ZnO heterojunction PD based on metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) structure was designed and fabricated by radio frequency magnetron sputtering (RFMS), and a high-concentration electron transport channel was formed by using carrier multiplication and specific band structure in the high-field region of MSM structure, which achieved high optical gain and extraordinary optical detection ability. In the UVC-UVA band, the device has a peak responsivity of 1.59 A W−1 and a high light-dark ratio, EQE and D* of 1×104, 647 % and 3.6×1012 Jones under 5 V, respectively. In particular, compared to ZnO PD and a-Ga2O3 PD, the responsivity of the device is improved by a factor of 21 and 90, respectively. This study provides a new and effective method for the significant improvement of a-Ga2O3 based UV photoelectric detection performance.

Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Biomimetic Liposome for Targeted Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disorder that severely compromises joint health. The primary therapeutic strategy for advanced RA aims to inhibit joint inflammation. However, the nonspecific distribution of pharmacological agents has limited therapeutic efficacy and heightens the risks associated with RA treatment. To address this issue, we developed mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based biomimetic liposomes, termed MSCsome, which were composed of a fusion between MSC membranes and liposomes. MSC some with relatively simple preparation method effectively enhanced the targeting efficiency of drug to diseased joints. Interaction between lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 enhanced the affinity of the MSCsome for polarized macrophages, thereby improving its targeting capability to affected joints. The effective targeted delivery facilitated drug accumulation in joints, resulting in the significant inhibition of the inflammation, as well as protection and repair of the cartilage. In conclusion, this study introduced MSCsome as a promising approach for the effective treatment of advanced RA, providing a novel perspective on targeted drug delivery therapy for inflammatory diseases.

Supramolecular Composite Hydrogel Loaded with CaF2 Nanoparticles Promotes the Recovery of Periodontitis Bone Resorption.

Treatments to reduce periodontal inflammation and rescue periodontitis bone resorption have been of interest to researchers. Bone tissue engineering materials have been gradually used in the treatment of bone defects, but periodontal bone tissue regeneration still faces challenges. Considering the biocompatibility factor, constructing bionic scaffolds with natural extracellular matrix properties is an ideal therapeutic pathway. Based on the pathological mechanism of periodontitis, in this study, short peptide and nanometer inorganic particles were comingled to construct NapKFF-nano CaF2 supramolecular composite hydrogels with different ratios. Material characterization experiments confirmed that the composite hydrogel had suitable mechanical properties and a three-dimensional structure that can function in the resorption region of the alveolar bone and provide spaces for cell proliferation and adhesion. The release of low concentrations of fluoride and calcium ions has been shown to have positive biological effects in both in vivo and in vitro experiments. Vitro experiments confirmed that the composite hydrogel had good biocompatibility and promoted osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Microbiological experiments confirmed that the composite hydrogel inhibited the activity of periodontal pathogenic bacteria. In animal studies, composite hydrogel applied to periodontitis rats in vivo can effectively repair alveolar bone resorption. This composite hydrogel has a simple preparation method and is inexpensive to produce, yet it has antibacterial and osteogenesis-promoting incremental effects, which makes it well suited for the treatment of periodontitis bone resorption, providing a new strategy for periodontal bone tissue engineering.

Straightforward high-temperature antibody immobilization for rapid and simple microfluidic paper-based ELISA for detection of β’-component (Onc k 5) protein, a major IgE-binding protein in salmon roe

Detection of allergenic proteins in food is required for maintaining the health of persons with food allergies. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a common technique for the detection of proteins. However, conventional ELISA is expensive, time-consuming, and needs technical expertise. Here, a microfluidic paper-based analytical device (µPAD) combined with a sandwich ELISA technique is developed for rapid, simple, and sensitive colorimetric detection of β’-component protein, a major allergen in salmon roe. The developed µPAD-ELISA employs a capture antibody and enzyme-labeled detection antibody. In addition to the µPAD, a technique for immobilization of the capture antibody has been developed, which completes the immobilization within 5 min by drying the antibody solution on a paper substrate in an oven at 50 °C without any chemical modification. The immobilized antibody exhibited higher binding capability to an antigen and stability against washing processes than those immobilized at room temperature. Since this technique allows simple and rapid preparation of the ELISA in the µPAD, the present µPAD-ELISA completed the analysis within only 15 min, including the immobilization step, compared to a conventional ELISA, which takes about 19 h. This µPAD-ELISA offered a good limit of detection of 1.59 ng mL−1 and reduced the amounts of reagents by a factor of about 17–67, which decreases the analysis cost. This µPAD-ELISA approach employing the present antibody immobilization is expected to be an effective strategy for the detection of allergenic proteins in food.

Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah dan Motivasi Guru Terhadap Profesionalisme Guru SMP Islam Daarul Ilmi

The problem of this research is that some teachers have not shown good performance in carrying out their duties and functions, meaning that they are in accordance with the main duties and functions of teachers, such as: activities in planning teaching programs, carrying out learning activities, carrying out assessments, carrying out daily tests, preparing and implementing improvement programs. and enrichment as well as developing the field of teaching for which he is responsible. As an illustration of the profile of teachers whose performance is still low, these include: teachers teaching monotonously and without thorough preparation. Teachers still use very simple teaching preparation, have not fully used the required curriculum references, and are inconsistent in implementing the lesson plan (RPP) scenarios that have been prepared and in the learning process teachers still predominantly use the lecture method. The objectives are (1) to determine the influence the principal's leadership towards teacher professionalism; (2) To determine the effect of teacher motivation on teacher professionalism; and (3) determine the influence of the principal's leadership and teacher motivation on the professionalism of Daarul Ilmi Rancabungur Islamic Middle School teachers. Researchers used quantitative descriptive methods, because the research was carried out by analyzing numerical data (numbers). Meanwhile, the sampling technique uses Cluster sampling (Area Sampling). The population of this study was all Daarul Ilmi Islamic Middle School teachers, totaling 50 people with a population of 50 teachers determined through a purposive sampling technique. The data collection method used was a questionnaire. From the research results, it can be seen from hypothesis testing that: (1) there is a positive and significant influence of principal leadership on teacher professionalism by 22.3%, (2) there is a positive and significant influence of teacher motivation on teacher professionalism by 17.3%, ( 3) there is a positive and significant influence of the principal's leadership and teacher motivation on teacher professionalism of 28.9%. This positive influence means that if the principal's leadership and teacher motivation on teacher professionalism are good then teacher professionalism will increase.

A novel method for the simultaneous determination of drugs of abuse, ethyl glucuronide and synthetic opioids in human hair through a single digestion, purification and analysis in LC-MS/MS

Polydrug use is a serious health and social problem worldwide. Over the past several years, there has been an increasing tendency to combine narcotics, alcohol, sedatives, and/or stimulants. To the traditional drugs of abuse and alcohol, an increase of new abuse drugs such as synthetic opioids has been added. In the current study, the development and validation of an innovative and fast analytical procedure has been presented to determine drugs of abuse, ethyl glucuronide and synthetics opioids in 30 mg of human hair through a single digestion, purification and analysis in LC-MS/MS. A combine simple preparation of hair sample followed to a single chromatographic run of 10 min has been proposed. A full validation for 54 target analytes for the parameters of selectivity, linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, accuracy, precision, matrix effects, recovery, and dilution integrity was successful completed. The method was linear in different ranges with r values of at least 0.990; the value to the validated LLOQ values were in the range 0.1–100 pg/mg. The method offered satisfactory precisions (CV<15 % and accuracy ± 20 %). In conclusion, a significant reduction in the overall times of the analytical procedure and the reduction of consumables costs make this method extremely advantageous and undoubtedly useful in routine laboratory workflow analyses and open the way to the prospect of a further implementation which also includes other classes of xenobiotics.

Cu-based composite materials derived from MOFs for visible light PMS activation in tetracycline removal

The degradation of recalcitrant antibiotics through the activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) is an important branch of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), with widespread attention given to the application of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) in this field. The article successfully synthesized CuxO/N-doped carbon/Cu-MOF (CuxO/NC/Cu-MOF) nanocomposites by low-temperature thermal treatment of Cu-MOF precursors. Compared with the original MOF, these partially decomposed composite materials exhibit significantly stronger catalytic activity towards PMS, efficiently removing organic pollutants such as tetracycline (TC). After optimization, the sample treated at 400 °C, under visible light with PMS assistance, achieves an impressive degradation rate, almost completely degrading a 50 mL TC solution (10 mg/L) after 80 min. This achievement surpasses the degradation rate observed with the original Cu-MOF by 2.1 times. In the composite system of CuxO/NC/Cu-MOF+PMS+Vis, the significant enhancement of activity is credited to the effective spatial separation of photogenerated electrons and holes, as well as the utilization of 1O2 as the primary active oxygen species. This work provides a simple preparation strategy for the development of Cu-based PMS activators with excellent photocatalytic performance.

Design of ZIF-8-based PVB composite coating on AZ31B Mg alloy surface with superhydrophobic, wear, corrosion protection and durability

Magnesium (Mg) alloys are susceptible to being attacked by corrosive ions in practical application environments, which limits their widespread application as the most promising engineering material. Herein, the superhydrophobic composite coating PVB/STA/ZIF-8@SiO2 (PSZS) has been designed on the surface of Mg alloy by using a drop coating method to improve its corrosion resistance. In this study, we provide an approachable decoration strategy for hydrophobic and hierarchical modification of zeolite imidazolate frameworks (ZIF-8) with stearic acid (STA) and SiO2, and combined with polyvinyl butyral (PVB) to form a composite coating with excellent performance on the substrate surface. Notably, the PSZS composite coating exhibited superhydrophobic and the contact angle is greater than 150° after 300 cm of mechanical friction. The electrochemical testing of the PSZS composite coating indicated that it greatly protected the Mg alloys from corrosion. Moreover, the PSZS coating displayed highly effective corrosion resistance even after being immersed in 3.5 wt% NaCl aqueous solution for 7 days. Overall, the PSZS composite coating with the advantages of corrosion resistance, corrosion durability, superhydrophobic, abrasion resistance and simple preparation process broadens the horizons of Mg alloy corrosion resistance research.

3-((λ3-Oxidanylidene)(propylamino)methyl)-2-ethoxybenzo[e]-[1,2]oxaphosphinine-2-oxide

A method for the simple preparation of 2-ethoxy-N-propylbenzo[e][1,2]oxaphosphinine-3-carboxamide 2-oxide via an ultrasound technique using catalytic amounts of CuI is reported. The formation of the amide could indicate the isomerization of the formed E-alkene intermediate to its Z-form, assisted by the sonication irradiation, and such transformation under the presented conditions has not been previously reported in the literature.

Research Progress in Preparation and Modification Strategies of Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Efficient Photocatalysis: A Mini Review

With the acceleration of industrialization, energy shortage and environmental pollution are becoming more and more serious. It is urgent to develop green and sustainable new energy. Photocatalytic technology, especially the use of solar energy to convert chemical energy, has attracted much attention due to its environmental friendliness and sustainability. As an excellent photocatalyst, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3 N4 ) has emerged rapidly in the field of photocatalysis due to its low cost, simple preparation and nontoxicity. However, g-C3 N4 has some limitations in practical applications, such as small specific surface area, weak photogenerated carrier transport capacity and narrow visible light response range. To overcome these challenges, researchers have modified g-C3 N4 through various strategies to improve its photocatalytic performance. In this paper, the synthesis methods and modification strategies of g-C3 N4 are summarized from the structural characteristics of g-C3 N4 , and its research focus and application prospect in the field of photocatalysis are prospected.