AbstractThe first amniotic membrane use was dated in 1910 as a skin graft substitute material. In the ophthalmological field, it was first used in the 1940 s as a conjunctival substitute after removal of fibrotic tissue, with good results when it was contracted with rabbit peritoneum. The procedure lost interest because the tissue could only be used fresh. Clinicians regained interest in the early 1990 s when new preservation, storage and distribution methods were already available.Application methods: The way to use the amniotic membrane depends on the pathological situation for which it is indicated. The depth, shape and size of the recipient area also play a role in the therapeutic decision.In general, there are three possible situations:An inlay transplantation as a graft: The AM works as a replacement of the lost tissue because it is remodelled into the host corneal matrix over time. The amnion is placed epithelial side up, as the membrane is able to act as a substrate for epithelial regeneration.An onlay transplantation as a patch: The transplant acts as a temporary biological bandage. The AM and the molecules that produces, protect the cornea from environmental aggressions, and it also has antifibrotic effect. The amnion is placed epithelial side down. Usually the product can be removed, although it is usually self‐degraded.Combinatorial transplantation as a sandwich: Two layers are transplanted, the deepest is placed epithelial side up and the other epithelial side down, obtaining the benefits of the two techniques.The graft provides structural integrity and the patch gives protection to de the graft, while the epithelium is expected to grow between the two layers.From our point of view this is the best option.Main indications as a graft:‐Corneal ulcerations and persistent epithelial defects.‐Limbal Stem Cells Deficiency (LSCD). It can be used in Simple Limbal Epithelial Transplantation (SLET), in Amnion‐Assisted Epithelial Redirection (ACER), and as a matrix for Cultivated Stem Cell Transplantation.‐In Glaucoma, to treat leaks from blebs.‐In Neoplasias, AM is used to act as a substrate for conjunctival migration and reconstruction following excision of both malignant and benign tumours.‐In Oculoplastic surgery, AM has been suggested as a potential alternative to mucosal membrane transplantation in lid revision, orbital linings or symblepharolysis.‐In Pterygium surgery, mainly in relapsing cases in which a very large resection of the conjunctiva is made.‐In Strabismus surgery, either to cover defects or to reduce muscle fibrosis and adhesion.Main indications as a patch, for Ocular Surface Wound Healing:‐In the acute stage of Chemical/Thermal injuries.‐In the acute stage of Cicatrising Conjunctivitis (Erythema Multiforme Diseases, Pemphigoid, Graft versus Hosts Disease).‐In recurrent corneal erosions.The potential risks of amniotic transplantation will be discussed.