Simple House Research Articles

The Design of Security Device for a Simple House Environment Based on Raspberry Pi

The Design of Security Device for a Simple House Environment Based on Raspberry Pi

Residents' Perceptions of Passive Design Responding to Climate Change in Simple Houses in Depok, West Java, Indonesia

Since the last few years, environmental issues related to global warming and increasing earth surface temperatures have had an influence on various fields. This environmental issue also affects the micro and macro climate. Architecturally, design can respond to changes in microclimate with passive design and active design. Passive design has long been applied to vernacular architecture, namely responding to local conditions in buildings. Meanwhile, active design is related to the latest technology and developments, such as energy-saving technology, as well as the use of natural elements as energy sources. This research uses quantitative methods. Primary data was collected using a questionnaire to determine the tendency of residents' perceptions of passive design. The analysis of this research is descriptive statistics, based on the answers of 35 respondents who live in simple houses in Depok, West Java, Indonesia. The research results showed that respondents' tendency towards passive design was shown in several things, namely: additional elements of the building at the front (canopy) can reduce heat and create shadow areas, the location and size of openings can support natural lighting and ventilation. Openings can be doors, windows, grilles, rosters and other elements. The existence of open space at the front and back of the house can reduce heat and cool the microclimate.

Fish responses to manipulated microhabitat complexity in urbanised shorelines

Abstract The diversity‐habitat complexity relationship has been utilised widely in conservation and biodiversity enhancement interventions, but few studies have attempted to tease apart the components of complexity that drive this relationship. The ecological engineering of seawalls is one area where this topic has advanced, albeit not often at scales relevant to fish. We constructed habitat enhancement units (Simple, Complex and Freestyle ‘fish houses’) out of hollow concrete blocks and installed them at the base of tropical rip‐rap seawalls. Simple and Complex fish houses were cuboid, had the same surface area and volume and included 100 holes (microhabitats). The holes in Simple fish houses were all the same size, whereas 25 size variations were used in the Complex design (volume‐independent manipulation of a single complexity element). The Freestyle fish house was non‐cuboid and had more overall volume, microhabitat types and sizes. We examined the volume‐independent (Simple vs. Complex fish houses) and volume‐dependent (Freestyle fish house) effects of microhabitat complexity on fish taxonomic and functional assemblage metrics at two spatial scales and across diel cycles. We also investigated diurnal and nocturnal fish‐microhabitat size relationships. There was a modest, but not significant, volume‐independent effect of complexity on fish assemblages. The Freestyle design, however, supported significantly greater abundance, species richness, and distinct taxonomic and functional compositions. These results were dependent on spatial scales and diel cycles. Diel variation in fish activity patterns resulted in stronger size‐matching relationships between fish and microhabitats at night than during the day. Synthesis and applications. Our study shows that, to enhance fish diversity, it is important to provide three‐dimensional habitat architecture that incorporates a wide range of microhabitat sizes and types. Our findings also highlight some key considerations when assessing the performance of intervention designs, including spatial‐scale dependent effects of structural complexity, diel variation in fish‐microhabitat relationships, and choice of intervention assessment metric (i.e. taxonomic vs. functional diversity).

Cost Estimation Analysis of Construction Projects on Simple Earthquake-Resistant Houses

Earthquakes are natural disasters that often hit Indonesia, causing various losses in human life, including damage to homes and places to live. Therefore, the importance of building earthquake-resistant houses cannot be ignored. The research aims to obtain a comparison of the estimated cost of a type 36 simple house construction project, by considering the comparison between conventional structures and structures that are strengthened to resist earthquakes. The data used involves working drawings, technical specifications, and work unit price analysis (AHSP) based on PUPR Ministerial Regulation No. 8 of 2023 and a list of unit prices for wages and materials for work in the Public Works and HSBGN sector for the 2022 fiscal year in the city of Padang. The cost estimation results show that for a simple house with a conventional structure, the construction cost is IDR 243,000,000, while for a simple house with earthquake-resistant reinforcement, the cost reaches IDR 251,800,000. This additional cost was caused by strengthening work on foundations, columns and beams, walls, and trusses. Even though there was an increase in costs of around 3.63%, this result can be a consideration for the community. It is important to realize that with relatively small additional costs, people can increase safety and comfort in building construction. The results of this research can be a strong basis for stakeholders in the construction and policy fields to consider safety and comfort as the main factors in developing housing infrastructure.

PERCONTOHAN PEMANFAATAN BETON RINGAN UNTUK PINTU RUMAH TINGGAL DI KECAMATAN KASEMEN KELURAHAN BENDUNG SERANG - JAWA BARAT

In the construction of residential buildings such as simple houses, the existence of a door is certainly a basic requirement that must exist. One of the criteria of a good door is weather resistance by having a good door leaf material, not easily weathered and also not easy to shrink (expand or bend). Generally, doors are made using wood materials because they add aesthetic value to the building construction with a variety of grain patterns and unique textures from wood. But on the other hand, the forest current condition as a source of wood production is increasingly concerning. This also has an impact on good quality wood which is difficult to obtain and increasingly expensive. Technological developments in the field of construction materials provide an alternative from the usage of door leaf materials which majority using wood materials to switch to alternative materials usage such as steel, glass, PVC and lightweight concrete. The usage of lightweight concrete began to be widely used as a door leaf material because it is more resistant to weather, has a stable size and is not weathered by termites. From an economical standpoint, the price of lightweight concrete doors is relatively cheaper compared to the price of wooden doors with equivalent specifications. The purpose of this Community Service activity is to increase public understanding, to provide knowledge about alternative wooden door as well as providing examples of alternative materials, namely lightweight concrete doors with wood texture and environmental friendliness. The used method consists of several stages, namely socialization of the development of the construction material technology, installing lightweight concrete panel doors in the Bendung Serang sub-district and showing the installation process and making of lightweight concrete panel doors through videos and photos showcase. The benefits specifically for the people in the Bendung sub-district is that the innovation of this lightweight concrete panel door material is acceptable. This community service activity has educated the public about technological innovations in construction material such as alternative materials.

Computational Methods and Artificial Intelligence in The Architectural Pre-Design Process (Case Study: House Design)

The current development of information technology infrastructure has positively impacted the ease with which people can carry out work activities physically and creatively. Artificial intelligence, which is currently starting to penetrate the world of visual design and architecture, is starting to develop from integrating design methods to methods of presenting or communicating architecture. In this study, aspects of artificial intelligence are used as a pre-design method, which is considered to help speed up decisions in design communication. The problem raised in this study is how optimal the involvement of computing and artificial intelligence is in providing pre-design considerations in the case of simple residential houses, especially in the analysis, space, and visual aspects. This study aims to obtain the methods and influence of computing and artificial intelligence in formulating pre-designs and generating understanding regarding the methods of their use. Several analysis tools are used for the spatial approach: the space syntax using DepthmapX software, solar analysis using the Shadedat plugin, and the visual shape of the building using Stable Diffusion. This research uses an experimental approach to obtain the desired design results. This study's findings explain that applying appropriate computational and artificial intelligence methods will produce an effective and efficient design process. With the correct sequence, it will have a measurable design process that can be assessed well.

Utilization of bamboo for concrete columns in earthquake-resistant simple houses in Indonesia

Most simple rural houses are susceptible to earthquake damage due to their lack of reinforced concrete structures. Therefore, this research examined the use of bamboo as reinforcement for reinforced concrete columns in simple houses within rural communities. Bamboo was chosen due to its high tensile strength, sustainable, and eco-friendly properties. The research focused on investigating the seismic performance of CB columns, analyzing various aspects such as lateral load capacity, crack pattern, drift ratio, stiffness, ductility, and energy dissipation capacity. The experimental setup consisted of six CB columns with bamboo reinforcement ratios (ρb) of 4% and 6%, while a control column (CS) with a steel reinforcement ratio (ρs) of 1.4%. Each column was subjected to a constant axial load of 54.84 kN and a cyclic lateral load according to the specifications outlined in ACI 375.1–05. The test results showed that the CS column exhibited a wider hysteresis loop area, indicating greater energy dissipation than the CB columns. However, the CB column with a ρb of 6% and a stirrup spacing of 150 mm achieved a drift ratio of 3.34%, meeting the minimum requirement of 1.5% specified by ASCE standards. It also obtained an energy dissipation ratio of 0.96, meeting the ACI standard, which stipulated a minimum energy dissipation ratio of 1/8. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that CB columns, specifically those with a ρb of 6% and a stirrup spacing of 150 mm, are suitable for implementation as earthquake-resistant structural columns in simple houses within underdeveloped village areas.

Socio-Economic Life of Fishermen's Community in Padang City

This article aims to describe the socio-economic life of the fishing community in Purus Village, Padang City. The problem in the article concerns the socio-economic conditions of fishing communities in Padang City. This research was conducted on fishing communities in Purus Village, Padang City using ethnographic qualitative methods through observation, structured interviews, in-depth interviews, and document analysis. The results of the research can be concluded: First, the reason for choosing a job as a fisherman is because this job is a job passed down from ancestors; they feel destined to be fishermen, do not have the capital to open another business, have a low level of education, and have no other skills. Second, the relationship between fishermen and their family members is not very close, because they are busy with their respective activities until the afternoon. Third, education in fishing families is generally only limited to middle and high school, because the costs are considered expensive and children lack motivation to study and continue their education to tertiary level. Fourth, there are still many fishing communities that do not have their own homes and live in simple rented houses. Fifth, income from fishing in the sea is uncertain, like a 'tiger's fortune', sometimes you get quite a lot of fish, and sometimes you don't catch any fish. The lack of socio-economic welfare of the fishing community in Purus, Padang City is influenced by unstable economic income.

Conversion Option on the Implementation of Balanced Occupation Concept Within the Framework of Government Regulation in Lieu of Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 02 of 2022 Concerning Job Creation

<em>By issuing it and displaying regulations related to the concept of balanced housing, the criteria for implementing balanced development have also changed. The publication of the Perppu Ciptaker and its derivative regulations, namely PP No. 12 of 2021 relating to implementation and residential areas, provides another alternative for developers who cannot construct simple houses or flats with conversions in the form of funds for the construction of public houses. The research method to be used is the normative juridical qualitative method. A new alternative for developers is regulated through Perppu Ciptaker, namely, payment of conversion funds for the construction of public houses. Housing with balanced housing is built utilizing conversion funds as an alternative to the requirement to build subsidized simple housing. These funds can be managed or come in the form of grants from development actors. A fee is assessed to the Agency for the Acceleration of Housing Implementation (AHIC) for the conversion (BP3). To speed up the delivery of inexpensive public housing for working class individuals, the federal government established BP3. Land is provided, simple houses and public flats are built, infrastructure, services, and public utilities are developed, and housing is managed and invested using the money BP3 receives</em>

The use of a bamboo reinforced concrete foundation for a simple environmentally friendly house in Indonesia

In typical rural house construction, reinforced concrete foundation plates are not commonly used due to economic factors and the high cost of steel, which often results in compromised safety. Bamboo offers an affordable, renewable, CO2-absorbent material with high tensile strength. This research supported low-income communities by exploring the application of bamboo-reinforced concrete (PB) foundation plates. Technical feasibility, such as load capacity, crack pattern, and failure, were examined and compared with steel-reinforced concrete (PS) plates. Four foundation specimens with dimensions of 70 × 70 × 15 cm3 consisting of three PB foundation plates and one PS foundation were analyzed. The bamboo reinforcement had dimensions of 15 mm × 15 mm, and the steel reinforcement had a diameter of 10 mm. Different spacing variations were tested, including bamboo reinforcement spacings of 100 mm, 125 mm, and 150 mm, with a steel reinforcement spacing of 130 mm. During testing, a concentrated load was applied at the four corners of each foundation. The results showed that the PB foundation plate with a reinforcement spacing of 100 mm exhibited a 3.16% higher load capacity compared to PS foundation plate with a 10 mm reinforcement spaced at 130 mm. The stress zones, crack patterns, and failure modes of the PB foundation plates exhibited similarities to the PS foundation serving as the control. Based on these findings, PB foundation plates are a feasible option for a simple rural house foundation.

Simple House Construction Innovations Made from PVC Pipes and GRC Boards in Indonesia

Simple House Construction Innovations Made from PVC Pipes and GRC Boards in Indonesia

Design a Realtime Datalogger on a Simple House KWH Meter with a Capacity of 1300 VA

At this time, monitoring tools that directly monitor electricity usage in the home are very necessary, because in this era of global warming, it requires us to be a little careful in order to use electricity effectively. Where if we do not control electricity usage, the costs charged per month could increase and become burdensome in the payment process. This research designs a KWH meter monitoring tool with output estimates of usage costs so that the tool created can minimize costs in the field of electricity usage. Design a circuit where the tool can display the values ​​of voltage, current, frequency and cos phi flowing through the KWH, then also display the usage costs for a week which is indicated by a buzzer sound if usage has exceeded normal limits. The next step is the validation or calibration process for the designed tool which is planned to be able to test the tool that has been made. The results obtained from designing a realtime datalogger tool on this KWH meter can monitor household electrical energy usage with a capacity of 1300 VA where the monitoring aspects that can be displayed include voltage, current, power factor, usage power and usage costs while this tool is installed. The main system of this tool is driven by an Arduino UNO microcontroller which is programmed so that it can display voltage, current, power factor, usage power and usage costs. In the tool system that has been created, the error rate of voltage measurements is <1%. The error rate in reading current and power factor (PF) is <3%. Meanwhile, the error rate in reading power and usage costs is <9%. Keywords: Monitoring, KWH, Data Logger

Ecological impact due to the implementation of a modeled and optimized hybrid system

<span lang="EN-US">This paper presents a very alarming forecasts about our future and particularly for a medium and long-term future. That is to say, several actions are being carried out by different civil and state parties to deal with these very concrete threats. And it is within this framework that this paper fits, and its objective is to highlight the hybrid systems and more precisely the photovoltaic-wind hybrid systems coupled with storage batteries, as an efficient alternative to the classical means of electricity production. This work will adopt a method of obtaining results called performance evaluation, so this manuscript will present firstly the mathematical model of this hybrid system to best conceive what it is about, then as second part will determine the exact figures of the largest amount of carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) that can be avoided using this technology and following a precise methodology, this can be applied to our situation, i.e., a simple house or to any other type of installation.</span>

Influence of liturgy and socio-culture on the form and meaning of the architecture of Sacred Hearts Catholic Church Odogunyan, Ikorodu, Lagos, Nigeria

Church architecture is the design and building of places of worship for Christians that changed from simple houses converted to meeting places, to architectural styles, of various shapes and sizes. It is a product of culture and human civilization and dynamics of liturgy, and they have forms and are meaningful. There has been little knowledge and understanding of the influence on forms and meanings as regards many local churches, especially as in Sacred Hearts catholic churches in Ikorodu. The need to unravel this knowledge was the focus of this study. The research explored the idea that Form and Meaning of church architecture are influenced by the liturgy and socio culture of the people they belong, and that embedded in the beliefs and values were architecture variables that when assessed bring out the modalities of the influence. Many scholars have examined the relationship between church architectural form and meaning as a reaction to the phenomenon of the desacralization of Catholic Church architecture after the Second Vatican Council, however, the research that addressed the issue of influence on form and meaning of Sacred Hearts Catholic Church Ikorodu architecture has not been carried out. While this was not a wholesome study of history of architecture, it is important to discuss concepts seeking the ordering principles informing the creation of form and meaning for the church under study. The study methodology was qualitative and quantitative and assessed by observation, questionnaire, and interview. The findings enhanced understanding and values attached to the Ikorodu Sacred Hearts Catholic Church and broaden knowledge base for academic research in other churches and fields of research. KEY WORDS. Church Architecture. Church-Form. Church-Meaning. Church-Symbols.

Out-of-Plane Dynamical Strength of Masonry Walls Under Seismic Actions

ABSTRACT The dynamic analysis of the out-of-plane response of masonry walls, with different reinforcing systems and hit by sequences of pulses alternating in sign, representative of the seismic action, is the aim of the paper. The analysis is done in the context of the Heyman model of the no tension masonry structures. We consider the wall of the last story of a simple masonry house, commonly reinforced at its head by a ring beam, usually in a reinforced concrete. It has also been considered the retrofitting of the wall by applying, on both its sides, vertical bands in FRP, or similar. The dynamics of the wall, activated by sequences of pulses, is analyzed in detail, considering the change of geometry occurring in the mechanism during the motion. The corresponding differential equation is integrated in a closed form. It is shown that, under the alternating sequence of shocks, the dynamical collapse of the wall takes place immediately after the occurrence of an accumulation of out-of-plane deformation of the wall that drags it into the configuration of zero strength, where any resistance, due to the weight, has been lost. The collapse takes place right after when the subsequent incoming pulse pushes the wall to go further beyond this configuration. The check of the seismic safety of the masonry wall concludes the paper. The smallest limit static strength of the wall required in order the wall, having pulsation p, could be able to sustain, at the limit of the dynamical collapse, the action of the asymptotic pulse sequence with acceleration intensity PGA and specific duration p T E /2 of the expected earthquake. It is shown that the wall, reinforced by a top ring beam, with the addition of vertical bands of glass or similar, of suitable length, pasted with lime mortar, can reach the required level of seismic safety.

PERANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI RENCANA ANGGARAN BIAYA (RAB) RUMAH SEDERHANA BERBASIS WEB

The purpose of this study is to create and implement an effective program to facilitate users or the public in making and compiling budget estimates for building houses, namely by designing an application for calculating the Budget Plan (RAB) by designing using use case diagrams, creating a system with the design that has been made and implement the system that has been made and perform system testing. In collecting data, researchers used the method of observation, interviews and literature study. Meanwhile, the researcher also uses a common analytical method in the computer field, namely the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC). SDLC is an evolutionary process followed in implementing a computer-based information system or subsystem. The design of this information system uses a web programming language, namely PHP, and the database used is MySQL. This research produces an application for calculating the Budget Plan that helps users or the public to make it easier to prepare budget estimates for house construction from the initial stage to the completion of the construction.Keywords: Design, Information System, RAB Calculation, Simple house, MySQL Database.

Structural Logic of Umah Kantur Gayo Construction Elements

<p><em>Umah kantur in the Gayo highlands is located in the Bukit Barisan section which is crossed by the Sumatran fault line, making </em><em>this area</em><em> prone to earthquakes. These vernacular houses were designed by local people using natural materials found in their environment, forming a hazard-responsive system of wooden construction. However, the current generation tends to forget this knowledge from their ancestors, why this construction was used and what is the logic of the structure in the building.</em><em> </em><em>This qualitative research observes to identify the construction process of the elements and joint systems of the umah kantur in the Pegasing-Gayo area. The results of the study concluded that the home construction system contains sustainability to be applied to the current simple wooden house construction. The use of nails in the construction of walls, zinc material for roof, and cast concrete for bases, is still capable of producing a construction that is rigid elastic, lightweight, and able to reduce earthquake forces.</em><em> </em><em>Evidenced by the occurrence of uniform swaying movements of the legs,</em><em> </em><em>body and head construction during an earthquake, so that the house is still sturdy today.</em></p>

ANALISIS FAKTOR PENYEBAB MASYARAKAT LAMA MEMBANGUN RUMAH BERBENTUK PERSEGI PANJANG DAN KESESUAIANNYA TERHADAP PRINSIP RUMAH TAHAN GEMPA

As an earthquake prone area, building earthquake-resistant houses is a basic necessity for Bengkulu Province residents. The simple symmetrical house plan provides better structure to withstand earthquakes. Batu Kuning is a village located in Ulu Manna District, South Bengkulu Regency, Bengkulu Province. This village is a village that was affected by the earthquake in 2000 and 2007, as well as other earthquakes, although the impact was not as big as the two earthquakes. In the event of the earthquake, several houses were not heavily damaged or destroyed so they are still inhabited today. Observations made by the author found a tendency for the shape of the house to be simple, symmetrical and tend to be rectangular. The research method was carried out by distributing questionnaires to respondents with a total of 26 samples. The results of the questionnaire were processed and analyzed using the SPSS Version 26 program, which included data validity and reliability tests. The results obtained showed 26.72% in strength and resilience factors, 25.63% in economic and cost factors, 25.63% in construction factors, and 22.02% in customs and environmental factors. The dominant factor is the construction factor, with an indicator that the construction of a rectangular house is easier to work on. The suitability level of old people's houses with the principle of earthquake-resistant houses shows that 73.08% uses a continuous river stone foundation with a depth of more than 45 cm. 92.31% of the old community house structure in Batu Kuning Village, Ulu Manna Subdistrict, using wooden columns and beams. The use of lightweight (zinc) roofs is in accordance with the principles of building earthquake-resistant houses.

Study on the Behavior of a Simple House Partially Retrofitted Using Ferrocement Layers due to Earthquake Loads

Earthquakes are a serious threat in Indonesia. Large-scale earthquakes that have occurred, such as the Aceh earthquake (2004), the West Sumatra earthquake (2009), the Lombok earthquake (2018), the Mamuju earthquake (2021), and most recently, the West Pasaman earthquake (2022), which caused many fatalities and damaged infrastructure and building houses, especially houses of the economically weak community. These houses were generally built using adobe bricks using the ½ brick masonry method without structural elements such as columns and beams that do not meet earthquake-safe house standards. In an effort to mitigate earthquake disasters, a strengthening method was developed in this study, namely by using ferrocement layers. In this research, a simple house model with adobe walls with a scale of 1:4 will be made, which will be partially strengthened using ferrocement layers tested on a vibrating table and given an earthquake load. Furthermore, numerical analysis was carried out to validate the results of experimental testing. The results of the tests show that the partial reinforcement has contributed significantly to increasing the shear capacity of the adobe brick walls. This is evidenced by the fact that there were no cracks in the reinforced walls up to the acceleration of the earthquake of 1.5 g, while the other walls of the house that were not reinforced experienced cracks and even collapsed.

Seismic effects of bracing irregularity of light timber-framed buildings

Most residential buildings in New Zealand are low-rise light timber-framed (LTF) buildings, constructed according to a prescriptive standard – NZS 3604:2011 Timber-framed buildings. NZS 3604:2011 tabulates the seismic demand and also specifies the test procedure for evaluating the seismic resistance of proprietary LTF walls, which are often plasterboard walls. Designers need to ensure the provided total seismic bracing capacity is at least equal to the total seismic bracing demand, provided that bracing arrangements satisfy the specified irregularity limits. The irregularity limits of bracing arrangements in NZS3604:2011 were established based on engineering rules of thumb rather than rigorous scientific evidence. Earthquake damage observed in the 2010/11 Canterbury earthquake sequence demonstrated that simple regular LTF houses performed well while irregular houses often had significant damage that was uneconomical to repair. This suggested that the irregularity of LTF buildings was an important factor responsible for the exacerbated earthquake damage. To quantify seismic effects of permissible irregularities in NZS 3604:2011 and provide scientific evidence for elaborating irregularity limits in NZS 3604:2011, three single storey LTF buildings with varying degrees of permissible plan irregularities were designed and their seismic performance was studied by conducting three-dimensional non-linear push-over analyses. For the non-linear push-over analyses, the in-plane behaviour of LTF walls and ceiling diaphragms were modelled using the models, developed based on NZ practice, as reported in previous research. The study revealed that permissible irregular bracing arrangements in NZS 3604:2011 could amplify lateral deflections significantly, in comparison with the regular counterparts. As a result, irregular LTF buildings within the scope of NZS 3604:2011 could be susceptible to damage due to excessive deformations in earthquakes and this suggests that the irregularity limits in current NZS 3604:2011 be reviewed and tightened.