Simple Cost Analysis Research Articles

The Acceptability and Costs of Hot Smoke-cured Milkfish <i>(Chanoschanos)</i> Using Fragrant Screw Pine <i>(Pandanus odoratissimus)</i> and Lemon Grass <i>(Cymbopogon citratus)</i> Leaves Extract as Food Additives

A taste test study on smoke-cured milkfish with food additives, fragrant screw pine and lemongrass leaves extract, to determine its acceptability (color, odor, and flavor) and the cost was conducted. The 9-point Hedonic Rating Scale was used to evaluate the product. Mean determined the acceptability of hot smoke-cured milkfish as to color, odor, flavor and general acceptability. ANOVA determined the significant differences among treatments and Least Significant Difference determined the significant difference in treatment means. A t-Test was used to evaluate the responses of both laboratory and consumer panelists on the quality attributes of the product. All tests were set at 0.01alpha. Results showed that Treatment 1 is least acceptable, Treatment 2 is very much acceptable, and Treatment 3 is extremely acceptable. The t-Test revealed that there was no significant difference in the product attributes of Treatments one (1), two (2) and three (3) as evaluated by both laboratory and consumer panelists. Treatment 3 was more viable and profitable based on simple cost and return analysis. Keywords-Food technology, fish processing, acceptability, costs, hot smoke-cured milkfish, fragrant screw pine, lemongrass leaves extract, food additives, experimental design, Philippines, Asia.

Integrating value and uncertainty in the energy retrofit analysis in real estate investment—next generation of energy efficiency assessment tools

Real estate professionals, such as investors, owner-occupants, and lenders who are involved in the investment decision-making process, are increasingly interested in energy efficiency investment. However, inability of current tools and techniques for a thorough financial assessment of energy retrofits has led the decision makers to focus on simple energy cost analyses as the primary basis for making energy retrofit investment and/or lending decisions. Thus, substantial non-energy cost savings as well as value implications associated with energy efficiency are often ignored and energy retrofits are undervalued. Through an extensive literature review, interviews with real estate experts, and the author’s experience with energy efficiency analytics and tools development, this paper sets forth the rationales and foundations for the development of an integrated energy retrofit assessment tools to include value, risk, and uncertainty. It suggests a systematic value-based assessment process to analyze full costs and benefits associated with energy retrofit options in the context of value, while clearly articulating the risk and uncertainty. The outcome of the proposed process enables users make more informed investment decisions and drives major energy retrofit investments. As a result of applying such a value-based approach, many investment opportunities that were otherwise ignored may be realized, and therefore, the breadth and depth of energy efficiency investment will increase for the benefit of various stakeholders, including real estate professionals, governments, utilities, or other energy efficiency program sponsors.

Economic assessment of microbial biodiesel production using heterotrophic yeasts

ABSTRACTThe production of biodiesel using oleaginous microorganisms is investigated as promising alternative to produce a truly sustainable and renewable transportation fuel. While the feasibility of this approach has been shown on the laboratory scale, a commercial scale implementation is to date inhibited due to economic restraints. In order to evaluate the current cost situation and to develop suggestions to reduce production related costs, a simple cost analysis of the proposed microbial oil production process has been carried out. For closed fermentation in large-scale fermenters a break-even price of 2,350 US$ t–1 for microbial oil was calculated. In the context of a sensitivity analysis it was shown that especially alterations in capital cost can lead to overall cost reductions. Accordingly, an open pond cultivation approach was designed, cutting the cost for equipment almost in half and decreasing the break-even price to 1,723 US$ t–1. However, these reductions are only feasible when stable biomass and lipid yields can be ensured in open-pond systems, because the sensitivity analysis identified these yield parameters as leading factors influencing the break-even price. Even under very optimistic assumptions, it was not possible to reduce the break-even price below that of conventional plant oils as competitive products. Therefore, economic feasibility of the process will probably only occur if on one hand considerable technical development and efficiency improvements of the production process are made while on the other hand plant and crude oil prices are continuously increasing.

Impacts of rejuvenators on performance and engineering properties of asphalt mixtures containing recycled materials

Recycled materials, such as recycled asphalt shingles (RAS) and reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), have been widely used in asphalt paving industry, and the trend seems to use more and more, which can save taxpayer dollars, preserve energy and protect the environment. However, these recycled materials are often highly aged and cause potential durability issue for asphaltic layers. To balance out the impact of stiff binder of recycled materials, rejuvenators have been recently evaluated. This study investigated the impacts of various rejuvenators on the performance and engineering properties of hot-mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures containing recycling materials (i.e., RAP and RAS). Various laboratory tests, including Hamburg test, overlay test, dynamic modulus test, and repeated load test, were performed to compare the performance and engineering properties of HMA mixtures without rejuvenators to those of mixtures incorporated with rejuvenators. In addition, a simple cost analysis was performed to investigate the cost benefits of using rejuvenators. The laboratory test results and the cost analysis were presented and discussed in this paper.

Simple cost analysis of a rural dental training facility in Australia

Student clinical placements away from the university dental school clinics are an integral component of dental training programs. In 2009, the School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, commenced a clinical placement in a remote rural community in Australia. This paper presents a simple cost analysis of the project from mid-2008 to mid-2011. All expenditures of the project are audited by the Financial and Planning Services unit of the university. The budget was divided into capital and operational costs, and the latter were further subdivided into salary and non-salary costs, and these were further analysed for the various types of expenditures incurred. The value of the treatments provided and income generated is also presented. Remote rural placements have additional (to the usual university dental clinic) costs in terms of salary incentives, travel, accommodation and subsistence support. However, the benefits of the placement to both the students and the local community might outweigh the additional costs of the placement. Because of high costs of rural student clinical placements, the financial support of partners, including the local Shire Council, state/territory and Commonwealth governments, is crucial in the establishment and ongoing sustainability of rural dental student clinical placements.

MA2 Observation of Persistence Rates and Potential Cost Savings Associated With Certolizumab Pegol Treatment for Rheumatoid Arthritis in England, Wales and Northern Ireland Clinical Practice

OBSERVATION OF PERSISTENCE RATES AND POTENTIAL COST SAVINGS ASSOCIATED WITH CERTOLIZUMAB PEGOL TREATMENT FOR RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS IN ENGLAND, WALES AND NORTHERN IRELAND CLINICAL PRACTICE Russell M1, Timoshanko J1, Smets E2, Duncan G3, Spandley A1, Roskell S4 1UCB Pharma, Slough, UK, 2UCB Pharma, Brussels, Belgium, 3Healthcare at Home Ltd, Burton on Trent, UK, 4Cannock Chase Hospital, Cannock, UK OBJECTIVES: In the UK, access to anti-TNF therapies for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is standardized by National Institute for Clinical Excellence guidance. Certolizumab pegol (CZP) studies in RA demonstrate that patient response to therapy at 12 weeks predicts clinical outcome at 1 year. In the UK, CZP is available via a Patient Access Scheme (PAS), providing CZP free for the first 12 weeks. This analysis examines persistency and potential cost savings realised with a 12 week CZP decision. METHODS: A retrospective analysis examined 2,744 patients receiving CZP between March 2010 and March 2012 from Healthcare at Home, a UK home health care service provider. Persistence was defined as patients (%) continuing to receive CZP deliveries, calculated at specific time points. Treatment start was first delivery date and patients were censored according to this. A simple cost analysis was performed. RESULTS: At 13, 26, 39 and 52 weeks, persistence rates were 93%, 79%, 70% and 65% in naive (no prior anti-TNF) and 88%, 68%, 56% and 48% in switch ( 1 prior anti-TNF) patients respectively. Analyzing first-line biologic drug costs only, the NHS would save £2,363.14/patient in the first year if CZP were used instead of adalimumab (assuming similar persistence); largely due to the PAS. Stopping treatment for non-responders at Week 12 (CZP) vs Week 24 (adalimumab), could allow the UK NHS to re-invest £ 2145/patient. CONCLUSIONS: In this UK cohort, CZP persistence was higher in naive pts. Reinforcing a 12 week treatment decision could result in more efficient spend on drugs and rapid initiation of alternative treatment in non-responders.

OC-038 Healthcare use according to body mass index (BMI) category in individuals registered to GP practices

IntroductionPrevious studies have assessed the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and healthcare use in primary care settings but have been limited to individuals with pre-defined diseases or those with...

Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Disposable and Reusable Laryngeal Mask Airways

Growing awareness of the negative impacts from the practice of health care on the environment and public health calls for the routine inclusion of life cycle criteria into the decision-making process of device selection. Here we present a life cycle assessment of 2 laryngeal mask airways (LMAs), a one-time-use disposable Unique™ LMA and a 40-time-use reusable Classic™ LMA. In life cycle assessment, the basis of comparison is called the "functional unit." For this report, the functional unit of the disposable and reusable LMAs was taken to be maintenance of airway patency by 40 disposable LMAs or 40 uses of 1 reusable LMA. This was a cradle-to-grave study that included inputs and outputs for the manufacture, transport, use, and waste phases of the LMAs. The environmental impacts of the 2 LMAs were estimated using SimaPro life cycle assessment software and the Building for Environmental and Economic Sustainability impact assessment method. Sensitivity and simple life cycle cost analyses were conducted to aid in interpretation of the results. The reusable LMA was found to have a more favorable environmental profile than the disposable LMA as used at Yale New Haven Hospital. The most important sources of impacts for the disposable LMA were the production of polymers, packaging, and waste management, whereas for the reusable LMA, washing and sterilization dominated for most impact categories. The differences in environmental impacts between these devices strongly favor reusable devices. These benefits must be weighed against concerns regarding transmission of infection. Health care facilities can decrease their environmental impacts by using reusable LMAs, to a lesser extent by selecting disposable LMA models that are not made of certain plastics, and by ordering in bulk from local distributors. Certain practices would further reduce the environmental impacts of reusable LMAs, such as increasing the number of devices autoclaved in a single cycle to 10 (-25% GHG emissions) and improving the energy efficiency of the autoclaving machines by 10% (-8% GHG emissions). For both environmental and cost considerations, management and operating procedures should be put in place to ensure that reusable LMAs are not discarded prematurely.

Análise de especiação de cobre e zinco empregando voltametria de redissolução anódica com pulso diferencial

This work describes methodologies for speciation analysis of the metals copper and zinc as total, total dissolved, labile, as well as complexation capacity (conditional stability constants and available ligand concentration), using the same technique, differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV). Several supporting electrolytes were tested, and the results showed that KNO3 and HNO3 resulted in voltamograms without interferences as well as excellent resolution for the total and labile fractions. The methodology using the DPASV technique allows a simple and low cost analysis of copper and zinc speciation, with high precision and sensitivity, with limits of quantification (LOQ) of 1.8 nmol L-1 for copper and 2.1 nmol L-1 for zinc.

Integrating Annual and Perennial Warm‐season Grasses in a Temperate Grazing System

ABSTRACTWarm‐season grasses (WSG) can supply badly needed forage in summer when cool‐season grasses (CSG) are often unproductive. This study was conducted from 2005–2007 in central Illinois to compare annual and perennial WSG pasture types integrated into a CSG grazing system. The objective was to compare summer herbage mass, forage nutritive value, cattle (Bos taurus) performance, and variable costs between CSG systems integrated with either annual (AWSG) or native, perennial warm‐season grass (NWSG) pastures. The AWSG pastures were established with sorghum‐sudangrass cultivars [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], and eastern gamagrass [Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L.] dominated NWSG pastures. Beef cow–calf groups were moved between CSG and WSG pastures during summer based on forage availability. Both WSG pasture types averaged 61% more herbage mass (493 g m−2) in mid‐summer compared with CSG pastures (204 g m−2). Except for one sampling date, herbage mass on NWSG pastures either exceeded (P < 0.05) or was equal to AWSG pastures. The nutritive value of AWSG forage was consistently higher than NWSG (P < 0.05), but cow and calf performance was similar on both pasture types. A simple cost analysis showed that AWSG pastures were more expensive to maintain even though establishment costs of NWSG pasture were much higher. Our results suggest NWSG pastures may be the better option for livestock producers seeking a longer‐term solution to summer forage deficits associated with CSG.

Eficacia y costos asociados a un tratamiento ambulatorio en mujeres con depresión severa y trauma temprano

A high proportion of women consulting for depression have a history of childhood abuse and trauma.To compare the efficacy and costs associated with a treatment that enquires directly into childhood trauma and understands present interpersonal difficulties as a compulsion to repeat the traumatic past, versus the usual treatment, in women with severe depression and childhood trauma.Eighty seven women with depression and prior history of early trauma that sought help at the Mental Health Unit of the Hospital de Curicó were studied. Forty four were randomly assigned to the experimental treatment, and 43 to the usual management. Patients were evaluated using the Hamilton Depression Scale, the Outcome Questionnaire (OQ 45.2) and an expenditures sheet at baseline, three and six months. An intention to treat analysis and a simple cost-analysis were performed.Hamilton and OQ 45.2 scores improved in both treatment groups, with significantly better results achieved in the experimental patients. The direct overall costs of experimental and control treatments were CLP 8,628,587 and 9,688,240, respectively. The main contributors to costs in both arms were medications (26.5%), followed by the number of psychiatric consultations (19.2%) in the experimental group and by hospitalizations (25.4%) in the control group. The costs per patient recovered in experimental and control groups were CLP 616,328 and 1,973,649, respectively.The proposed model resulted more effective for the treatment of this group of women.

Efficacy and associated costs of an outpatient intervention in women with severe depression and early trauma

A high proportion of women consulting for depression have a history of childhood abuse and trauma. To compare the efficacy and costs associated with a treatment that enquires directly into childhood trauma and understands present interpersonal difficulties as a compulsion to repeat the traumatic past, versus the usual treatment, in women with severe depression and childhood trauma. Eighty seven women with depression and prior history of early trauma that sought help at the Mental Health Unit of the Hospital de Curicó were studied. Forty four were randomly assigned to the experimental treatment, and 43 to the usual management. Patients were evaluated using the Hamilton Depression Scale, the Outcome Questionnaire (OQ 45.2) and an expenditures sheet at baseline, three and six months. An intention to treat analysis and a simple cost-analysis were performed. Hamilton and OQ 45.2 scores improved in both treatment groups, with significantly better results achieved in the experimental patients. The direct overall costs of experimental and control treatments were CLP 8,628,587 and 9,688,240, respectively. The main contributors to costs in both arms were medications (26.5%), followed by the number of psychiatric consultations (19.2%) in the experimental group and by hospitalizations (25.4%) in the control group. The costs per patient recovered in experimental and control groups were CLP 616,328 and 1,973,649, respectively. The proposed model resulted more effective for the treatment of this group of women.

OC-084 The targeted use of Taurolock® to reduce central venous catheter sepsis in a home parenteral nutrition cohort

Introduction Taurolock® (Bio-Implant HealthCare, Winsen, Germany) is an anti-microbial agent (taurolidine) with anticoagulant properties (citrate). There is evidence that Taurolock® is beneficial in reducing catheter-related blood stream infections (CRBSI) in haemodialysis patients, but there are fewer data regarding benefit in home parenteral nutrition (HPN) patients.12 At St Mark9s Intestinal Failure Unit Taurolock® is prescribed for patients with greater than three CRBSI in a 12-month period. The primary aim was to determine the incidence of CRBSI prior and subsequent to Taurolock® use. The secondary aim was to establish cost benefit from Taurolock® prescription. Methods Retrospective audit using St Mark9s Intestinal Failure (IF) Database. ::::CRBSI and Taurolock® prescription recorded on IF database. CRBSI defined as positive central venous catheter blood cultures with fever±rigors. Simple cost analysis calculated at £8340 per hospital treatment for CRBSI (10 day in-patient admission) and Taurolock costing £11 per day. Results All 16 patients (male 56.3%, mean age 44.8 years (range 23–73)) prescribed Taurolock® were selected. In the pre-treatment group mean duration from first CRBSI episode to Taurolock® prescription was 602±317 days. This pre-treatment group had a mean 9.8±6.5 CRBSI rate per 1000 catheter days. The treatment group (mean duration 557±269 days) had a mean 3.3±3.4 CVC related sepsis rate per 1000 catheter days. There was a significant difference (p Conclusion Taurolock® significantly decreases CRBSI rate in HPN patients. These results are in keeping with a Canadian group that managed to decrease CRBSI following treatment in seven patients. (2) Taurolock® prescription generates considerable cost savings in this cohort of patients.

New proposed system for freeze water desalination using auto reversed R-22 vapor compression heat pump

As natural resources are becoming limited and energy price dramatically increased, energy utilization with efficient systems is required to be used in desalination technologies. Freezing is a well known technique for water desalination. In the present paper, a new proposed system depends on optimization of utilizing the heat flow of heat pump system to increase the whole system efficiency is introduced. The suggested system overcomes a lot of disadvantages of traditional freezing methods of desalination like ice handling, special compressor types, etc. In the suggested system, the ice washing and melting process occur at the same place of formation by reversing refrigerant flow through the vapor compression cycle so there is no need for ice handing mechanical systems. A detailed description of the system and thermal analysis are represented with simple cost analysis. Cost comparing with other methods gives a promising lower cost for the suggested system with respect to other systems.

Establishing a cost-effective national surveillance system for Bluetongue using scenario tree modelling

Vector-borne diseases pose a special challenge to veterinary authorities due to complex and time-consuming surveillance programs taking into account vector habitat. Using stochastic scenario tree modelling, each possible surveillance activity of a future surveillance system can be evaluated with regard to its sensitivity and the expected cost. The overall sensitivity of various potential surveillance systems, composed of different combinations of surveillance activities, is calculated and the proposed surveillance system is optimized with respect to the considered surveillance activities, the sensitivity and the cost. The objective of this project was to use stochastic scenario tree modelling in combination with a simple cost analysis in order to develop the national surveillance system for Bluetongue in Switzerland. This surveillance system was established due to the emerging outbreak of Bluetongue virus serotype 8 (BTV-8) in Northern Europe in 2006. Based on the modelling results, it was decided to implement an improved passive clinical surveillance in cattle and sheep through campaigns in order to increase disease awareness alongside a targeted bulk milk testing strategy in 200 dairy cattle herds located in high-risk areas. The estimated median probability of detection of cases (i.e. sensitivity) of the surveillance system in this combined approach was 96.4%. The evaluation of the prospective national surveillance system predicted that passive clinical surveillance in cattle would provide the highest probability to detect BTV-8 infected animals, followed by passive clinical surveillance in sheep and bulk milk testing of 200 dairy cattle farms in high-risk areas. This approach is also applicable in other countries and to other epidemic diseases.

The Economics of Home Dialysis: Acting for the Individual While Planning Responsibly for the Population

Traditional medical education paradigms tend not to focus on health economics and economic evaluation. This has led to a culture in which bedside clinicians simply allocate health care resources made available to them, with often minimal input as to what these resources are at the population or health care system level. Life sustaining chronic dialysis therapies for end-stage renal disease are heterogeneous in terms of health care costs and the quality of life provided to patients receiving them. From the traditional clinician's perspective, they may be considered equivalent because there are no well-designed randomized control trials establishing the superiority of one particular dialysis modality in terms of all-cause mortality or cardiovascular events. The intent of this review is to provide clinicians practicing in the area of chronic kidney disease some insights into the concepts of economic evaluation and how it may be integrated into clinical decision making at a programmatic level while not compromising individual patient care at the bedside. An epidemiologic perspective will be used to help frame how the implementation of home dialysis modalities vary depending on local health policies in place. Lessons learned by regional nephrology care systems may be readily transferable to other jurisdictions in augmenting the uptake of home dialysis modalities where they are dwindling or struggling to grow. A high-level understanding of economic data in this area may help influence health policy in the direction of the most efficient provision of dialysis to patients while not adversely affecting their quality of life or health outcomes.

The measurement of 129I for the cement and the paraffin solidified low and intermediate level wastes (LILWs), spent resin or evaporated bottom from the pressurized water reactor (PWR) nuclear power plants

In this paper a relatively simple and low cost analysis procedure to apply to a routine analysis of 129I in low and intermediate level radioactive wastes (LILWs), cement and paraffin solidified evaporated bottom and spent resin, which are produced from nuclear power plants (NPPs), pressurized water reactors (PWR), is presented. The 129I is separated from other nuclides in LILWs using an anion exchange adsorption and solvent extraction by controlling the oxidation and reduction state and is then precipitated as silver iodide for counting the beta activity with a low background gas proportional counter (GPC). The counting efficiency of GPC was varied from 4% to 8% and it was reversely proportional to the weight of AgI by a self absorption of the beta activity. Compared to a higher pH, the chemical recovery of iodide as AgI was lowered at pH 4. It was found that the chemical recovery of iodide for the cement powder showed a lower trend by increasing the cement powder weight, but it was not affected for the paraffin sample. In this experiment, the overall chemical recovery yield of the cement and paraffin solidified LILW samples and the average weight of them were 67±3% and 5.43±0.53g, 70±7% and 10.40±1.60g, respectively. And the minimum detectable activity (MDA) of 129I for the cement and paraffin solidified LILW samples was calculated as 0.070 and 0.036Bq/g, respectively. Among the analyzed cement solidified LILW samples, 129I activity concentration of four samples was slightly higher than the MDA and their ranges were 0.076–0.114Bq/g. Also of the analyzed paraffin solidified LILW samples, five samples contained a little higher 129I activity concentration than the MDA and their ranges were 0.036–0.107Bq/g.

Super-bridges suspended over carbon nanotube cables

In this paper the new concept of ‘super-bridges’, i.e. kilometre-long bridges suspended over carbonnanotube cables, is introduced. The analysis shows that the use of realistic (thus defective) carbonnanotube bundles as suspension cables can enlarge the current limit main span by a factor of∼3. Too large compliance and dynamic self-excited resonances could be avoided by additionalstrands, rendering the super-bridge anchored as a spider’s cobweb. As an example, we havecomputed the limit main spans of the current existing 19 suspended-deck bridges longer than1 km assuming them to have substituted their cables with carbon nanotube bundles (thusmaintaining the same geometry, with the exception of the length) finding spans of up to∼6.3 km.We thus suggest that the design of the Messina bridge in Italy, which would require a main span of∼3.3 km, could benefit from the use of carbon nanotube bundles. We believe that their userepresents a feasible and economically convenient solution. The plausibility of theseaffirmations is confirmed by a statistical analysis of the existing 100 longest suspendedbridges, which follow a Zipf’s law with an exponent of 1.1615: we have found a Moore-like(i.e. exponential) law, in which the doubling of the capacity (here the main span) peryear is substituted by the factor 1.0138. Such a law predicts that the realizationof the Messina bridge using conventional materials will only occur around themiddle of the present century, whereas it could be expected in the near future ifcarbon nanotube bundles were used. A simple cost analysis concludes the paper.

Sub-hourly simulation of residential ground coupled heat pump systems

Residential Ground Coupled Heat Pump systems are usually characterised by an ON/OFF behaviour of the heat pump with typical cycling frequencies of 1—4 cycles per hour. The ground loop fluid pump has the same ON/OFF behaviour and the borehole heat exchanger operates either in full flow or no flow conditions. Typical hourly simulations of GCHP systems use steady-state models for the heat pump and the borehole fluid (transient models being used for buildings and heat transfer in the ground). This paper reviews the models used in typical hourly simulations as well as transient models that are available and compares the results obtained using the two classes of models within the TRNSYS simulation environment. Both the long-term energy performance and the optimum system design are compared. It is shown that using steady-state models leads to an overestimation of the energy use that ranges from a few percents with oversized borehole heat exchangers to 75% for undersized exchangers. A simple Life Cycle Cost analysis shows that using steady-state models can lead to selecting a very different design than the one that would have been selected using dynamic models.

Kostenüberlegungen zur Ganzkörper-MRT und PET-CT im Rahmen des onkologischen Stagings

The aim of this study was to evaluate and discuss economic aspects of whole-body MRI and PET/CT in oncologic staging. Considerations from the perspective of the health care system, the radiologist, and the patients are presented. Costs of both whole-body techniques are compared with the conventional radiologic diagnostic recommendations of the AWFM (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Wissenschaftlich Medizinischer Fachgesellschaften) in oncologic staging of the five most frequent tumor entities. Temporal and monetary aspects are calculated. Invasive, endoscopic, and endosonographic techniques are regarded as essential and cannot be replaced by other techniques. Thus only the minimal potential for cost reduction is quantified. In the German system there is no cipher to correctly balance whole-body MRI and PET/CT. Using the frequently applied ciphers 5700-5730 and 5378, 5489 (factor 1.0) total costs were 440.45 euros, and adding the cipher for additional series 545.37 euros (60 min examination time) for whole-body MRI and 774.74 euros (879.66 euros) (60/90 min examination time) for whole-body PET/CT. Using the common factor 1.8 costs were 981.66 and 1583.38 euros. On the basis of a simple full cost analysis total costs of whole-body PET/CT were higher than of whole-body MRI by a factor of about 2.0 (about 1123 vs 575 euros). There were substantial monetary and temporal differences between tumor entities. In extended bronchial carcinoma 375.32 euros and 55 min can be saved using whole-body MRI in comparison to conventional recommended techniques and using whole-body PET/CT 88.14 euros and 45 min. In tumor entities of lower stages with thus less essential radiologic diagnostics the potential for cost reduction is substantially lower. Whole-body imaging techniques make it possible to reduce the number of necessary separate radiologic examinations and thus time in oncologic staging. A substantial reduction of health care costs seems to be possible in many tumor entities but differences between different tumor entities are decisive.