Simple Anthropometric Research Articles

Measuring body composition and regional fat mass accurately

Measuring body composition and regional fat mass accurately

SCREENING MARKERS

The screening measures to identify various cardiovascular risks relatedto hyperglycemia, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia are involves both anatomicassessments like anthropometric measures or body’s physiological evaluation by performingbiochemical parameters. In this regard “lipid accumulation product” (LAP) has surfaced as amarker to incorporate both these anatomic and physiological considerations. Objectives: 1. Tomeasure the LAP differences between subjects having normal and higher levels of glucose, totalcholesterol, age, carotid intima media thickness and subjects with and without hypertension. 2.To compare BMI and LAP in terms of effectiveness as a screening marker for diagnosis of diabetesmellitus and hypertension through ROC curve calculation. Design: Cross-sectional analysis.Place and duration of study: This study was carried out at the departments of pathology, PNSRAHAT hospital from Jan-2011 to Oct-2011. Subjects and methods: After several exclusionsincluding know diabetics a total of 202 subjects were enrolled to undergo sampling for Fastingblood glucose, and lipids in exact medical fasting status. These subjects were later evaluatedfor their various anthropometric measurements including BMI and WHpR (Wait to hip ratio) asper the WHO protocol. Then the individuals went to radiology department where carotid intimamedia thickness measurements were made by experienced radiologist. LAP (Lipid accumulationproducts) score was calculated as: LAP score (Male) = [WC (cm) - 65] x triglycerides (mmol/L)LAP score (Female) = [WC (cm) – 58] x triglycerides (mmol/L). LAP scores, BMI. WHpR andmean CIMT readings were grouped as per their high or low results. Results: Out of BMI, WHpRand LAP score, only groups based upon LAP score were observed to be significantly differentfor fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol and mean CIMT levels. Hypertensive subjects hadhigher LAP scores and WHpR than non-hypertensive subjects; however, BMI differences werenot considered significant. One way ANOVA shows the LAP scores progressively rising formnormoglycemic subjects {58.38 (95% CI: 51.08-65.67)} to subjects having IFG {70.94(95%CI:60.88-81.00)} to newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus {101.59(95%CI: 78.35-124.83)}.[P=0.001]The AUCs for diagnosing hypertension was higher for LAP scores than for BMI and WHpR[{(LAP score: 0.648 (95% CI: 0.536-0.760), p= 0.027} vs {(WHpR: 0.588 (95% CI: 0.466-0.709),p= 0.191} vs {(BMI: 0.541 (95% CI: 0.412-0.670), p=0.545}]. Similarly, the AUCs for BMI andWHpR were lower than that of LAP score for predicting a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus [{(LAPscore: 0.584 (95% CI: 0.502-0.665), p= 0.047} vs {(BMI: 0.531 (95% CI: 0.448-0.613), p=0.468}vs {WHpR: 0.518 (95% CI: 0.435-0.601), p=0.668}]. Conclusion: LAP scores were higherin subjects with established cardiovascular risks like hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia,accelerated atherosclerosis and hypertension that simple anthropometric indices like BMI andWHpR.

English

The screening measures to identify various cardiovascular risks relatedto hyperglycemia, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia are involves both anatomicassessments like anthropometric measures or body’s physiological evaluation by performingbiochemical parameters. In this regard “lipid accumulation product” (LAP) has surfaced as amarker to incorporate both these anatomic and physiological considerations. Objectives: 1. Tomeasure the LAP differences between subjects having normal and higher levels of glucose, totalcholesterol, age, carotid intima media thickness and subjects with and without hypertension. 2.To compare BMI and LAP in terms of effectiveness as a screening marker for diagnosis of diabetesmellitus and hypertension through ROC curve calculation. Design: Cross-sectional analysis.Place and duration of study: This study was carried out at the departments of pathology, PNSRAHAT hospital from Jan-2011 to Oct-2011. Subjects and methods: After several exclusionsincluding know diabetics a total of 202 subjects were enrolled to undergo sampling for Fastingblood glucose, and lipids in exact medical fasting status. These subjects were later evaluatedfor their various anthropometric measurements including BMI and WHpR (Wait to hip ratio) asper the WHO protocol. Then the individuals went to radiology department where carotid intimamedia thickness measurements were made by experienced radiologist. LAP (Lipid accumulationproducts) score was calculated as: LAP score (Male) = [WC (cm) - 65] x triglycerides (mmol/L)LAP score (Female) = [WC (cm) – 58] x triglycerides (mmol/L). LAP scores, BMI. WHpR andmean CIMT readings were grouped as per their high or low results. Results: Out of BMI, WHpRand LAP score, only groups based upon LAP score were observed to be significantly differentfor fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol and mean CIMT levels. Hypertensive subjects hadhigher LAP scores and WHpR than non-hypertensive subjects; however, BMI differences werenot considered significant. One way ANOVA shows the LAP scores progressively rising formnormoglycemic subjects {58.38 (95% CI: 51.08-65.67)} to subjects having IFG {70.94(95%CI:60.88-81.00)} to newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus {101.59(95%CI: 78.35-124.83)}.[P=0.001]The AUCs for diagnosing hypertension was higher for LAP scores than for BMI and WHpR[{(LAP score: 0.648 (95% CI: 0.536-0.760), p= 0.027} vs {(WHpR: 0.588 (95% CI: 0.466-0.709),p= 0.191} vs {(BMI: 0.541 (95% CI: 0.412-0.670), p=0.545}]. Similarly, the AUCs for BMI andWHpR were lower than that of LAP score for predicting a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus [{(LAPscore: 0.584 (95% CI: 0.502-0.665), p= 0.047} vs {(BMI: 0.531 (95% CI: 0.448-0.613), p=0.468}vs {WHpR: 0.518 (95% CI: 0.435-0.601), p=0.668}]. Conclusion: LAP scores were higherin subjects with established cardiovascular risks like hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia,accelerated atherosclerosis and hypertension that simple anthropometric indices like BMI andWHpR.

Correlation of adiposity indices with cardiovascular disease risk factors in healthy adults of Singapore: a cross-sectional study.

BackgroundObesity has long been highlighted for its association with increased incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Nonetheless, the best adiposity indices to evaluate the CVD risk factors remain contentious and few studies have been performed in Asian populations. In the present study, we compared the association strength of percent body fat (PBF) to indirect anthropometric measures of general adiposity (body mass index (BMI) and body adiposity index (BAI)) and central adiposity (waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)) for the prediction of CVD risk factors in healthy men and women living in Singapore.MethodsA total of 125 individuals (63 men and 62 women) took part in this study. PBF was measured by using three different techniques, including bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), BOD POD, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Anthropometric measurements (WC, hip circumference (HC), height, and weight), fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting serum insulin (FSI), and lipid profiles were determined according to standard protocols. Correlations of anthropometric measurements and PBF with CVD risk factors were compared.ResultsIrrespective of the measuring techniques, PBF showed strong positive correlations with FSI, HOMA-IR, TC/HDL, TG/HDL, and LDL/HDL in both genders. While PBF was highly correlated with FBG, SBP, and DBP in females, no significant relationships were observed in males. Amongst the five anthropometric measures of adiposity, BAI was the best predictor for CVD risk factors in female participants (r = 0.593 for HOMA-IR, r = 0.542 for TG/HDL, r = 0.474 for SBP, and r = 0.448 for DBP). For males, the combination of WC (r = 0.629 for HOMA-IR, and r = 0.446 for TG/HDL) and WHR (r = 0.352 for SBP, and r = 0.366 for DBP) had the best correlation with CVD risk factors.ConclusionMeasurement of PBF does not outperform the simple anthropometric measurements of obesity, i.e. BAI, WC, and WHR, in the prediction of CVD risk factors in healthy Asian adults. While measures of central adiposity (WC and WHR) tend to show stronger associations with CVD risk factors in males, measures of general adiposity (BAI) seems to be the best predictor in females. The gender differences in the association between adiposity indices and CVD risk factors may relate to different body fat distribution in males and females living in Singapore. These results may find further clinical utility to identify patients with CVD risk factors in a more efficient way.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40608-016-0114-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Association of wider neck circumference and asthma in obese children

BackgroundObesity is a well-established risk factor for asthma. Previous studies have reported that central obesity is associated with asthma. ObjectiveTo investigate the association between fat distribution, which is determined by anthropometric measures, including neck circumference (NC), and asthma in school-aged children. MethodsChildren diagnosed as having asthma were enrolled along with controls who were admitted to our outpatient department with allergic symptoms, such as rhinitis, urticaria and atopic dermatitis. Anthropometric measures, including height, weight, NC, waist circumference, and hip circumference, were obtained. Skin prick tests, blood eosinophil counts, and serum total IgE level measurements were performed. ResultsA total of 196 children (92 male [46.9%]) were included. Asthma was present in 102 patients (52.1%). Ninety-one of the patients (46.4%) were overweight, and 45 patients (22.9%) were obese. The NC of children with asthma was significantly higher than that of children in the control group. Grades defined according to NC percentiles were also significantly different between groups. In children with asthma, the prevalence of children with an NC higher than the 90th percentile (grade 6) was more frequent when compared with controls. The median NC of obese-overweight children with asthma was significantly higher compared with obese-overweight controls without asthma. Results of multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that the presence of an NC in the greater than 90th percentile was associated with asthma in obese-overweight children. ConclusionThis study found that NC, which is a simple anthropometric measure, is associated with asthma in obese children.

Development and validation of a model that estimates body fat percentage based on simple anthropometric measurements

Development and validation of a model that estimates body fat percentage based on simple anthropometric measurements

Study of possible beneficial effect of crocin in an animal model of diabetes

s / Clinical Nutrition ESPEN 13 (2016) e55ee74 e65 Materials and methods: 107 patients diagnosed with cancer and treated in an oncology centre of excellence who have been referred to the community nursing home-care service. A pilot cross-sectional quantitative study, based on convenience sampling. The screening tool used to determine malnutrition was the ESPEN Nutrition Day questionnaire for oncological patients in greek language, as translated and validated by GrESPEN. Results: On average, a weight loss of 8 kilograms over the last year was noted for male patients, contrary to women, for whom no change was noted. In 76% of cases the weight loss was unintentional and 13% of the sample population has already lost more than 20% body weight. Minimum BMI was 19.8 with a good correlation to cancer stage. Risk factors for malnutrition identified included taste distortion, anorexia and constipation. None of the individuals at risk had been referred for nutrition counseling/support before the study. Conclusions: The community nurses should promote cancer patients’ education on nutritional status screening within the context of multidisciplinary nutrition teams. STUDY OF POSSIBLE BENEFICIAL EFFECT OF CROCIN IN AN ANIMAL MODEL OF DIABETES Konstantinos Feidantsis , Nantia Apostolidou , Eleftheria Galatou , Antigone Lazou . 1 Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR 54124, Greece; Alexander Technological Educational Institution of Thessaloniki, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Thessaloniki, Greece Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease whose worldwide incidence is high (4-5%). The connection between diabetes with poor metabolic control and the high mortality due to cardiovascular disease, hyperlipidemia, nephropathies and neuropathies are very well established. Several recent studies demonstrate the protective effect of a wide variety of antioxidants to tissue damage as in the case of myocardial infarction. The extract of the plant Crocus sativus L. (commonly known as saffron) contains compounds, such as crocin, picrocrocin and safranal. Among the pharmacologically active ingredients, crocin is the most important and abundant antioxidant, has antitumor, antioxidant, anti-hyperlipidemic properties and is known to strengthen memory. Aim: The purpose of this study is the possible improvement of heart, liver and kidney function of diabetic rats after oral administration of crocin (10 and 20 mg / kg body weight) for 2 weeks and identification of the underlying molecular mechanisms that contribute to the improvement of cardiac, hepatic and renal function of the animals. Materials and methods: Specifically levels of biochemical indicators such as glucose, triglycerides, urea, total cholesterol, HDL and LDL and levels of enzymes SGOT, SGPT and GGT were detected in animal blood plasma. Results: a The study was carried out as part of a nutritional educational program that is performed from Aegean University (Responsible Prof.: Lecturer PD 407 Koutelidakis A.) in collaboration with 301 ARMY DEPOT (Responsible from 301 Depot: C. Z. Titakis, PhD candidate, Dept of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens) Figure 1. Glucose, triglycerides, urea, total cholesterol, HDL and LDL levels in control, diabetic and diabetic rats after the oral administration of crocin (10 and 20 mg/kg body weight). Values are means ± SD; n1⁄45 preparations from different animals. *P 0,05). Conclusion: The implementation of a nutrition education program with aim to improve dietary habits, may lead to improved work efficiency and promoting the health of workers. DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A MODEL THAT ESTIMATES BODY FAT PERCENTAGE BASED ON SIMPLE ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS Vladlena Khudokonenko , Spyridon Kanellakis , Efstathios Skoufas , Eftychia Apostolidou , Loukia Gerakiti , Maria Andrioti , Christianna Georgopoulou , Georgia Ziogou , Theodora Makridi , Yannis Manios . Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, T.E.I. of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, T.E.I. of Crete, Sitia, Greece

The metopic index: an anthropometric index for the quantitative assessment of trigonocephaly from metopic synostosis

OBJECTIVE Because the metopic suture normally fuses during infancy, there are varying degrees of severity in head shape abnormalities associated with premature fusion. A method for the objective and reproducible assessment of metopic synostosis is needed to guide management, as current methods are limited by their reliance on aesthetic markers. The object of this study was to describe the metopic index (MI), a simple anthropometric cranial measurement. The measurements can be obtained from CT scans and, more importantly, from palpable cranial landmarks, and the index provides a rapid tool for evaluating patients in both pre- and postoperative settings. METHODS High-resolution head CT scans obtained in 69 patients (age range 0-24 months) diagnosed with metopic craniosynostosis were retrospectively reviewed. Preoperative 3D reconstructions were available in 15 cases, and these were compared with 3D reconstructions of 324 CT scans obtained in a control group of 316 infants (age range 0-24 months) who did not have any condition that might affect head size or shape and also in a subset of this group, comprising 112 patients precisely matched to the craniosynostosis patients with respect to age and sex. Postoperative scans were available and reviewed in 9 of the craniosynostosis patients at a mean time of 7.1 months after surgical repair. 3D reconstructions of these scans were matched with controls based upon age and sex. RESULTS The mean preoperative MI for patients with trigonocephaly was 0.48 (SD 0.05), significantly lower than the mean values of 0.57 (SD 0.04) calculated on the basis of all 324 scans obtained in controls (p < 0.001) and 0.58 (SD 0.04) for the subset of 112 age- and sex-matched controls (p < 0.001). For 7 patients with both pre- and postoperative CT scans available for evaluation, the mean postoperative MI was 0.55 (SD 0.03), significantly greater than their preoperative MIs (mean 0.48 [SD 0.04], p = 0.001) and comparable to the mean MI of the controls (p = 0.30). In 4 patients, clinically obtained postoperative MIs by caliper measurement were comparable to measurements derived from CT (p = 0.141). CONCLUSIONS The MI is a useful measurement of the severity of trigonocephaly in patients with metopic synostosis. This simple quantitative assessment can potentially be used in the clinical setting to guide preoperative evaluation, surgical repair, and postoperative degree of correction.

Cut-offs Of The Anthropometric Indices For Screening Excess Fat Among Chinese Boys

In large-scale population surveys and public health screenings, the use of simple anthropometric indices has become popular for identifying children and adolescents who are overweight and obesity. The cut-off points for childhood obesity using anthropometric indices were determined using a statistical approach. The appropriate solution of setting appropriate cut-offs for childhood obesity should be based on the relationship between %BF and anthropometric measurements. PURPOSE: The aim of the present study is to determine appropriate gender-specific body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist for height ratio (WHtR), and weight-for-height cut-offs in screening excess body fat among Chinese boys. METHODS: A total of 1135 Chinese boys aged 9-19 years old participated in the study. %BF was assessed by TanitaTBF-543BIA analyser, excess body fat was defined as over 25% body fat. ROC analysis was used to identify the optimum cut-off points of different indices for screening excess fat. RESULTS: To achieve an absolute number of misclassifications, BMI, PWH, WC, and WHtR cut-offs in screening excessive body fat should be set to 92.3th, 132.6%, 87.4th percentile, and 81.5th percentile. These cut-offs should be set to 85.0th, 118.4%, 80.2th percentile, and 72.4th percentile. CONCLUSIONS: Diagnostic performances of the anthropometric indices in screening excessive body fat can be improved by setting appropriate cut-offs among Chinese boys. The results suggest that further studies should be targeted toward defining local population and ethnic-specific cut-off for childhood obesity using health-related excess body fat.

Neck Circumference Positively Related with Central Obesity and Overweight in Turkish University Students: A Preliminary Study

According to the World Health Organization, central obesity is increasing alarmingly worldwide. Neck circumference is a relatively new method of differentiating between normal and abnormal fat distribution. The aim of this study is to determine the association between neck circumference and central obesity in young Turkish male and female university students. A community of university students based cross-sectional study was conducted on 319 males and 838 females and investigated the association between neck circumference and other anthropometric variables by gender. In male subjects, the neck circumference revealed a positive correlation with the body mass index (r=0.684, p<0.01), waist circumference (r=0.686, p<0.01) and waist/hip ratio (r=0.534, p<0.01). Similarly, in female subjects neck circumference revealed a positive correlation with the body mass index (r=0.482, p<0.01), waist circumference (r=0.479, p<0.01) and waist/hip ratio (r=0.246, p<0.01). Our study has demonstrated that the positive correlation between neck circumference, which is a simple and fast anthropometric measurement, and visceral obesity, is also applicable to university students.

Perímetro abdominal: evidências para a predição da gordura corporal subcutânea em meninos escolares

Introdução: O diagnóstico de sobrepeso e obesidade pode ser realizado pela antropometria, por facilidade de execução e baixo custo. Considerando a preocupação com a característica de distribuição de gordura, novas estratégias poderiam ser desenvolvidas para a avaliação da composição corporal partindo de medidas antropométricas. Objetivos: Verificar a correlação do Perímetro Abdominal (PAB) e Perímetro da Cintura (PC) em separado, com o somatório de duas dobras cutâneas (DC), triciptal e subescapular; e incluir o perímetro com os maiores valores de correlação em uma equação de regressão para estimativa do somatório de DC. Métodos: Amostra composta por 1.729 meninos (9 e 14 anos), a avaliação da morfologia corporal foi realizada por medidas antropométricas simples e compostas. Foi utilizada uma correlação de Spearman para determinar a associação entre os PAB e PC com as DC. Foi feita uma análise de regressão linear múltipla com o PAB e idade para estimar o somatório de DC. Resultados: A seguinte equação foi gerada: Somatório de DC = 1,16397 (PAB) – 1,414922 (Idade) – 36,33021 (R=0,83). O valor da área sob a curva ROC (AUC) foi de 83% para identificar corretamente indivíduos abaixo ou acima do percentil 85 do somatório de DC. Conclusões: A PAB em conjunto com a idade, se torna um bom preditor da gordura corporal, caracterizada como o somatório de DC, em crianças e adolescentes do sexo masculino.

Anthropometric measures are simple and accurate paediatric weight-prediction proxies in resource-poor settings with a high HIV prevalence

RationaleAccurate weight measurements are essential for both growth monitoring and drug dose calculations in children. Weight can be accurately measured using calibrated scales in resource-rich settings; however, reliable scales are...

Association between anthropometric measures of regional fat mass and heart rate variability in obese women.

Impaired autonomic function could be the mechanism for the development of cardiometabolic diseases in obesity. Hence, simple anthropometric measures of overall and central obesity could be screening markers for autonomic imbalance. We analysed the relationship between heart rate variability (HRV) parameters and obesity indicators. Sixty-three obese women underwent blood pressure, lipids and anthropometric measurements, body composition assessment, HOMA (homeostasis model assessment) index calculation and short-term HRV analysis. The correlation between obesity indicators and HRV parameters was influenced by age. In the multiple regression model, sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD) was a significant negative predictor of lnLF/HF (logarithmically transformed ratio of low to high frequencies) and lnLFnorm, and positive predictor of HFnorm (normalized high frequencies); the significant relationship remained even after adjustment for age, HOMA, blood pressure, lipid profile, menopause, body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage (FAT). Anterior forearm skinfold showed inverse association with HRV. Correlation between waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) with lnLF/HF, as well as between anterior thigh skinfold with lnLF/HF, LFnorm (normalised low frequencies) and HFnorm was lost after further adjustments. Among all anthropometric measures, SAD and anterior forearm skinfold thickness showed the highest predictive ability for HRV. Markers of lower sympathetic and higher cardiac parasympathetic activity corresponded with indicator of central obesity, while indicators of peripheral obesity showed completely opposite relationship with markers of cardiac autonomic activity.

Relationship between Neck Circumference and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Childhood Obesity.

Objective:The aim of this study was to establish the association between anthropometric parameters and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and to determine the most reliable measurement as a parameter in predicting NAFLD.Methods:Two-hundred fifty-three obese children of ages 10 to 18 years were enrolled in this study. Anthropometric data and metabolic parameters such as fasting blood glucose, insulin and lipid levels, were measured. Liver function tests were assessed. NAFLD was determined by ultrasound.Results:Most metabolic parameters and anthropometric indices were significantly higher in children with NAFLD. A univariate logistic regression analysis was performed, taking NAFLD status as the dependent variable and anthropometric parameters as the independent variables. NAFLD was affected significantly by the anthropometric values. The multiple logistic regression analysis showed that neck circumference (NC) was the only parameter which determined the risk in both genders. Each 1 cm increase in the NC increased the risk of NAFLD 1.544-fold (p<0.001, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.357-2.214) in the boys and 1.733-fold (p=0.001, 95% CI: 1.185-2.012) in the girls. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to compare the reliability of anthropometric measurements. NC was observed to be a better indicator.Conclusion:Measurement of the NC was shown to be associated with NAFLD in children. We suggest the use of NC as a novel, simple, practical, and reliable anthropometric index in predicting children at risk for NAFLD.

Abstract P105: Early Adolescent Waist Size and Body Mass Index are Stronger Predictors of Lipid Levels After Ten Years Than Percent Body Fat in Black and White Girls

Cardiometabolic risk begins in childhood and poses additional hazards for later chronic disease. In this study, we assessed the hypothesis that pre-adolescent measures of body fat (ages 9-10 years) would predict later adolescent lipid levels (ages 17-20 years) and that racial differences may exist in the efficacy of particular measures of body fat for predicting future lipid levels. Data from the NHLBI’s Growth and Health Study were used to evaluate the independent effects of early adolescent body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and percent body fat (%BF) - all distinct measures of body composition - in this cohort of Caucasian (white) and African-American (black) girls, initially 9-10 years of age. Girls with complete data (n=634, white; n=738, black) for body fat, relevant confounders, and follow-up lipid levels (i.e., HDL, LDL, and triglycerides) at 17-20 years of age were included. In late adolescence, there were statistically significant trends of increasing LDL and triglycerides and decreasing HDL levels (p&lt;0.05 for all) across quintiles of all body fat measures at 9-10 years of age. By 17-20 years, white girls (vs. black girls) in the highest BMI quintile had slightly higher mean LDL levels (112.7 vs. 105.1), lower HDL levels (48.0 vs. 51.4), and much higher triglyceride levels (109.8 vs. 76.8 mg/dL). After adjusting for age, SES, height, age at menarche, physical activity, television viewing, fruit and vegetable consumption, and dietary fiber, WC was the strongest predictor of late-adolescent triglycerides and HDL levels in both whites and blacks while BMI was an equally-good predictor of LDL. Percent body fat using bioelectrical impedance analysis was generally a weaker predictor of lipid outcomes. Girls in the highest quintile (Q5) of WC had mean triglyceride levels that were 31.1 and 14.9 mg/dL higher than those in the lowest quintile (Q1), for whites and blacks, respectively; mean differences (Q5-Q1) in TG associated with BMI were 27.7 and 12.0 mg/dL, and for %BF were 13.6 and 7.2 mg/dl, respectively. White and black girls, respectively, in Q5 of WC at 9-10 years of age had HDL levels that were 7.8 mg/dL lower in late adolescence than those of girls in Q1. These results suggest that WC and BMI as simple anthropometric measures of body fat in pre-adolescent girls may be useful in identifying girls who are at risk for dyslipidemia by the time of later adolescence.

Neck Circumference Is Independently Associated with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: Cross-Sectional Analysis from ELSA-Brasil.

Neck circumference (NC) is a simple anthropometric measurement that may be linked with cardiometabolic risk factors. We analyzed the association between NC and a range of cardiometabolic risk factors. In a cross-sectional and sex-specific analysis of the ELSA-Brasil study (15,105 civil servants aged 35-74 years), we excluded participants with diabetes, taking antihypertensive and/or lipid-lowering drugs. Cardiometabolic risk factors were homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (≥ 75th percentile), low high-density lipoprotein (HDL; <50 mg/dL for women and <40 mg/dL for men), high triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dL, systolic blood pressure ≥ 130 mmHg, or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 85 mmHg. Logistic regression models were built to analyze the association between individual and clustered risk factors and 1-standard deviation (SD) increase in NC after adjustments for age, smoking, alcohol, body mass index, and waist circumference. We analyzed 8726 participants (56.3% women), with a mean age of 49.2 ± 8.0 years. Mean NC was 38.9 ± 2.6 cm for men and 33.4 ± 2.6 cm for women. Fully adjusted odds ratios (ORs) [95% confidence intervals (CIs)] per 1-SD increase in NC in men and women were, respectively, 1.32 (1.16-1.51) and 1.47 (1.31-1.64) for insulin resistance; 1.24 (1.11-1.39) and 1.25 (1.11-1.40) for raised blood pressure; 1.50 (1.33-1.70) and 1.51 (1.33-1.70) for high triglycerides; and 1.22 (0.92-1.61) and 1.54 (1.23-1.86) for low HDL. Fully adjusted ORs (95% CI) of three or more clustered risk factors per 1-SD increase in NC in men and women were 1.54 (1.34-1.79) and 1.71 (1.41-2.06). NC is significantly and independently associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in a well-defined apparently healthy population.

Estimation of total muscle mass from simple anthropometric measurements for adults of Igbo ethnic group of South East Nigeria

Estimation of total muscle mass from simple anthropometric measurements for adults of Igbo ethnic group of South East Nigeria

Identification of a surrogate anthropometric measurement to birth weight in high-risk low birth weight newborns in a developing country

Background: The study of anthropometric measurements of newborns at birth allows rapid evaluation of the neonate who has suffered abnormal intrauterine growth. Thus, neonates at increased risk of postnatal complications can be followed-up and given greater care. Objective: The aim of our study was to identify a simple anthropometric measurement which can act as a surrogate to birth weight (BW) in a resource-poor country like India where the weight of majority of the newborns is not taken. Materials and Methods: We studied all consecutive singleton newborns with gestational age between 28 weeks and 42 weeks delivered at a large hospital in North India between January 2015 and December 2015. The total number of new-borns included in the study was 3000. All data were entered and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 15.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Results: The mean BW of 3000 neonates was 2387 g (standard deviation - 560). The mean crown heel length, head circumference, chest circumference (CC), mid-upper arm circumference, mid-calf circumference, and mid-thigh circumference were 45.9 ± 3.4 cm, 32.6.5 ± 2.3 cm, 29.5 ± 2.7 cm, 10.1 ± 1.3 cm, 10.5 ± 1.3, and 14.1 ± 1.2 cm, respectively. There was a positive correlation of BW to all such anthropometric measurements with the highest correlation coefficient for CC (r = 0.73). The optimal cutoff points for CC and arm circumference to identify low BW (LBW) newborns were ≥29.5 cm and ≥10.1 cm, respectively. Conclusion: Measurement of CC is a simple, easy, cheap, and reliable method for identification of LBW. Hence, it can be easily made use of identifying high-risk newborns by our health-care workers in rural settings of developing countries like India.

Anthropometric measurements may be informative for nursing home-acquired pneumonia.

Objective:To evaluate the relationship between anthropometric measurements and Nursing Home-Acquired Pneumonia (NHAP) risk.Methods:Consecutive patients of 65 years or elderly who were living in the Balikli Rum Hospital Nursing Homes were included in this prospective study. At the beginning of this study, the patients’ anthropometrics values were measured. The patients were followed for one year, and any incidences of pneumonia attacks were recorded. The relationship between the anthropometric measurements and pneumonia occurrences was analyzed.Results:There were 133 inmates at the initial assessments. Of 108 patients who were eligible for the study, 77 (72.2%) were female and 37 (27.8%) were male. The mean age of the group was 79.8±10.5. Patients were assigned to a group according to the presence of pneumonia during the one -year follow-up. There were 74 (55.6%) patients who had suffered from at least one attack of pneumonia during the follow-up period. The mean triceps skinfold was significantly thinner in the pneumonia group, and the mean handgrip measurements in both the dominant and non-dominant hands were significantly weaker in the pneumonia group. Furthermore, the frequency of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases (COPD) was significantly higher in this group (p < 0.001).Conclusions:The risk of pneumonia was high in the elderly population who live in nursing homes. Simple anthropometric values may be predictive of the potential for Nursing Home-Acquired Pneumonia.

Novel Anthropometry-Based Calculation of the Body Heat Capacity in the Korean Population.

Heat capacity (HC) has an important role in the temperature regulation process, particularly in dealing with the heat load. The actual measurement of the body HC is complicated and is generally estimated by body-composition-specific data. This study compared the previously known HC estimating equations and sought how to define HC using simple anthropometric indices such as weight and body surface area (BSA) in the Korean population. Six hundred participants were randomly selected from a pool of 902 healthy volunteers aged 20 to 70 years for the training set. The remaining 302 participants were used for the test set. Body composition analysis using multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis was used to access body components including body fat, water, protein, and mineral mass. Four different HCs were calculated and compared using a weight-based HC (HC_Eq1), two HCs estimated from fat and fat-free mass (HC_Eq2 and HC_Eq3), and an HC calculated from fat, protein, water, and mineral mass (HC_Eq4). HC_Eq1 generally produced a larger HC than the other HC equations and had a poorer correlation with the other HC equations. HC equations using body composition data were well-correlated to each other. If HC estimated with HC_Eq4 was regarded as a standard, interestingly, the BSA and weight independently contributed to the variation of HC. The model composed of weight, BSA, and gender was able to predict more than a 99% variation of HC_Eq4. Validation analysis on the test set showed a very high satisfactory level of the predictive model. In conclusion, our results suggest that gender, BSA, and weight are the independent factors for calculating HC. For the first time, a predictive equation based on anthropometry data was developed and this equation could be useful for estimating HC in the general Korean population without body-composition measurement.