Gestalt Psychology Research Articles

A distortion model test method of the casing string system considering FSI

To solve the problem of prototype test’s high cost and difficulty of the casing string system in shale gas horizontal wells, this paper proposes a large-scale distortion model test method for the casing string system. Firstly, the elastic centralizer is simplified as elastic support, and the dynamic model of casing string system is established by finite element method. Then, the test platform of casing string system is designed and built. The modal test results show that the maximum error of the first five natural frequencies between the numerical calculation and the test results is 5.12 %, which verifies the correctness of the dynamic model of casing string system. On this basis, the distortion model’s constant power similarity law (CPSL) and power function similarity law (PFSL) are obtained by the dimensional analysis method and the least square method. The CPSL and PFSL are used to predict the vibration characteristics of the prototype casing string system by distortion models with different scaling ratios. The calculation and analysis show that the prediction accuracy of the PFSL is higher than CPSL’s with the same scaling ratio, and the PFSL can accurately predict natural frequency of the prototype casing string system within a large-scale distortion range and greatly reduce the test cost.

Integrating Gestalt Theory Concepts in Visual Perception Assessment for Children with Intellectual Disabilities

Integrating Gestalt Theory Concepts in Visual Perception Assessment for Children with Intellectual Disabilities

Room corners and how they influence the memory of visual information arranged on walls

In formal and informal learning settings corresponding information units are often arranged in the space around the viewer. For example, teachers pin task relevant information on classroom walls, or museum curators arrange exhibits in museum halls. Often learners and visitors are expected to see meaningful relationships between these information units. Theoretically, Gestalt Psychology has been examining the effects of connecting and separating elements in visual information displays, leading to the question of whether these findings also hold in three-dimensional environments. Does the mostly rectangular form of our rooms also either highlight or downplay relations between information dispersed across a room? Three experiments using virtual rooms showed that the matching pairs of pictures were memorized better if both pictures were arranged on the same wall instead of across two adjacent walls: that is, the presence of a room corner between matching pairs decreased memory (Experiments 1–3). Additionally, the findings showed that the participants’ orientation of their central field of view during learning influenced the effect of corners on memory. When initially looking around in rooms, participants most often oriented the center of their field of view toward the middle of a wall (Experiments 1 and 2); however, if they were restricted to orienting their field of view toward corners, the corner effect on memory vanished (Experiment 3). These findings suggest that room characteristics influence the exploratory behavior of viewers, thereby also affecting their memories of the presented information.

Techniques for Designing Puzzle Shapes and their Role in Children’s Learning

This research aims to study designing puzzle shapes techniques and their use in teaching children. Puzzle games contribute to developing cognitive, sensory, and motor skills that require concentration and logical thinking, which can be effective in stimulating learning in children and developing their mental skills. The design idea was studied in terms of simplicity, complexity, types of traditional and digital puzzle games, and their use. Structural elements in design, such as drawings, shapes, and typographic elements, according to the Gestalt theory in designing puzzle shapes that aim to teach children, and verifying their effectiveness in stimulating their learning. This study also included an analysis of some of the techniques used in designing puzzle shapes and some mechanisms and theories of learning through games.

Communicative linguistics through the lens of gestalt theory

Relevance. The relevance of this study is conditioned upon the importance of developing communicative competence, exploring communicative tactics and strategies used in dialogic speech, effective correlation of verbal and nonverbal codes, specifically the coexistence of various syntactic constructions within the text field. Purpose. The purpose of this study is to consider linguistic means, namely syntactic structures of a simple and complex sentence, using a gestalt approach with the allocation of the centre (figure) and periphery (ground). Methodology. The main method of research is theoretical understanding of problems related to communicative activity, using evidence from modern scientific studies, the use of transactional, structural, pragmatic, and linguistic analysis of verbal and nonverbal components during communicative activity. Results. This paper analyses the development of key gestalt structures using the examples of the most used syntactic constructions in communicative practice, specifically predicate and non-predicate simple and complex sentences. The study identified key gestalt structures in dialogic speech (interrogative, emotive, elliptical), with examples of basic syntactic constructions. Attention was focused on the functional use of key speech acts (expressiveness, representation) and communicative tactics (hyperbolisation, increasing and decreasing significance, self-presentation, juxtaposition). The role of nonverbal ways of transmitting information, social factors in the choice of linguistic means in the aspect of communicative load and communicative significance is indicated. Conclusions. Gestalt techniques in communication prove effective for addressing psychological issues and enhancing communicative impact. Keywords: simple sentence; syntactic structure; figure; ground; speech act

Analysing Visual Information (Colour, Symbol) of Waste Recycling Through the Principles of Gestalt Theory: Closure, Similarity and Continuation

This study provides an insight into the visual information (colours, symbols) of waste classification based on the three principles of closure, similarity and continuation of Gestalt theory. A field survey of Xiamen University Town in China and a survey of 1,000 local and international university students in the area were used to understand the level of awareness of visual information on waste recycling and segregation. The study found that the current level of awareness of visual classification information (colours, symbols) in the Xiamen University Town urban area and among students is low. Visual messages must convey accurate and standardised information such as colours and symbols. In addition, the purpose of this study was to illustrate the need for accuracy in visual information. This study concludes the need for uniform colour and symbol standards for waste recycling and segregation under the Gestalt theory to help achieve SDG goal 12, responsible consumption and production, as this study highlights the potential ripple effect on future stakeholders, especially considering the international mobility of university students, who epitomise global diversity. As users travelled across countries, ambiguous visual messages about waste classification became a key issue in responding to UN advocacy for a sustainable future. Addressing and correcting these visual discrepancies is critical to effective waste management strategies on a global scale.

Revealing the synergy between formal aesthetics and product semantics: Exploring the impact of visual form on product perception

This study investigates the relationships between visual form attributes (height, shape, and curvature) and product perception, particularly exploring the dynamic interplay between formal aesthetics and product semantics. The challenge of effectively incorporating formal aesthetic characteristics into the design process is addressed by adopting Gestalt theory as a guiding framework. Drawing on the Gestalt principle of Prägnanz, this research investigates the role of primary visual attributes of form on perceived Complexity, Symmetry, Harmony, and Regularity of kettle images. A central aspect of this investigation is the recognition of a product's form, which possesses the potential to influence the symbolism associated with the product's personality traits attributed by users. To this end, the study aims to acquire deeper insights into the perception of familiarity, prototypicality, beauty, and attractiveness to comprehensively analyze the overall product perception while unravelling the underlying significance of emotional responses through the product's personality. The goal of this study is to deconstruct the form attributes exhibited by eight kettles of various designs. By doing so, we seek to understand how these form attributes synergistically contribute to creating a unified perceptual whole to convey a specific character or identity. The findings offer insights into the influence of form on a product's aesthetic perception and perceived personality and how form contributes to a product's symbolic meaning. By grasping the intricacies of product perception, designers can create products that cater to the diverse needs of different user groups, ultimately leading to increased market acceptance and commercial success.

A Method for Measuring Spatial Information of Area Maps Considering the Diversity of Node–Edge and Gestalt Principles

Existing methods for measuring the spatial information of area maps fail to take into account the diversity of adjacency relations and the heterogeneity of adjacency distances among area objects, resulting in insufficient measurement information. This article proposes a method for measuring area map information that considers the diversity of the node–edge and Gestalt principles. Firstly, this method utilizes the adjacency relations between the Voronoi diagram of area objects to construct an adjacency graph that characterizes the spatial distribution of area objects in area maps. This adjacency graph serves as the information representation of area maps. Secondly, the method selects four characteristic indicators, namely geometric information, node degree, adjacency distance, and adjacency strength, to represent the diversity of nodes and edges in the graph that affect spatial information. Finally, nodes in the adjacency graph are taken as the basic units, and the spatial information of area maps is comprehensively calculated by integrating the four characteristics that represent spatial information. To verify the validity and rationality of the proposed method, a dataset of continuously simplified area maps and a dataset of artificially simulated degrees of randomness were designed to evaluate the performance of the existing method and the method proposed in this paper. The results indicate that the correlation between the measurement results obtained by the method proposed in this paper and the degree of disorder is as high as 0.94, outperforming the existing representative methods. Additionally, the correlation between the measurement results of this method and the degree of simplification reaches 1, indicating that the variation range of the measured values is more consistent with the cognitive assumptions based on artificial simulations compared to the existing methods. The experimental results show that the method proposed in this paper is an effective metric approach for representing spatial information in area maps.

Connection between the artistic design of form in architecture and design and laws of psychology and physiology of perception

Specialists who have ever been involved in compositional work could not help but notice that there is a connection between compositional methods and techniques (architects, designers and artists use them in their work) and the fundamental tools of perception that nature has endowed man with and which he uses. The direction of Gestalt psychology is of greatest importance for the chosen topic. This direction describes and studies integral structures that, in principle, cannot be derived from the components that form them. At the same time, the theory of composition studies such laws of construction of a work of art that ensure the integrity of this work. It is quite obvious that the process of creating an attractive form simply must be built according to the laws of perception that are laid down by nature. It is this interesting connection that this article is devoted to.

A study on modeling of boiling heat transfer in core debris bed of SFR

In case of a hypothetical severe accident in a Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor (SFR), coolability of the debris bed in the post-accident phase plays a vital role in mitigating the accident and ensuring the structural integrity of the reactor vessel. Few numerical studies are reported in literature, in which the boiling heat transfer in debris bed is expressed as equivalent heat conduction using similarity law between heat conduction and two-phase heat transfer. However, these studies assumed steady state mass conservation for the boiling zone and neglected the gravity force. Hence, a detailed study has been carried out for various particle sizes and porosities of SFR debris to investigate the influence of above considerations. The effect of gravity on debris bed coolability is studied using steady state model of Lipinski, which showed that gravity has a non-negligible effect, for particle size of 0.3 mm and porosity of 0.5. However, the gravitation force was found to have a negligible effect in dryout heat flux estimation for the bottom cooled configuration. A transient numerical model is developed for simulating the boiling phenomena in debris beds and validated with the published experimental results. The assumption of steady state mass conservation is verified by carrying out transient analysis, which indicated early prediction of the dryout inception. For time dependent heat generation case, the unsteady mass conservation predicted higher DHF compared to constant heat generation.

Spatial Silhouette: A Study on the Creation Strategy of Strong Bamboo Architecture with “Negative Space” as the Main Feature—A Case Study of Phu Quoc Island Visitor Centre, Vietnam

The Gestalt theory of mental completeness in architecture gave rise to the ideas of “positive space” and “negative space”. This research digs into the sturdy structural building process of bamboo architecture, which is essentially distinguished by “negative space”. It examines how bamboo is articulated in architectural space, while attempting to establish a balance between form and structure, with the goal of discovering the current value and spiritual position that bamboo in architecture represents. Using the Phu Quoc Island Visitor Center in Vietnam as an example, we introduce the strong structure concept and examine its design process in terms of spatial operation technique and strong structural expression logic. The fundamental strategy for creating bamboo architecture under this concept is to take the lead in negative space design and use the material capabilities of bamboo to build structural space prototypes. This further encourages the use of green building materials and offers architects working with bamboo a reference.

Home among right angles: cube living

This article focuses on the dwellings of the Villa in Beroun in the Czech Republic, designed by HŠH Architects, and Buckminster Fuller’s Dymaxion, with architectural designs inspired by games, toys and creative play. The architectural designs inspired by the stacking blocks Lego®, K’nex® and Cidori® are explored and compared to GC Prostho by Kengo Kuma. The environmental implications of housing designs with malleable layouts, which reduce the need for constant changing and moving of houses throughout occupant lifetimes, are explored. The melding of the house and the game as a basis for rethinking the home space, which allows for rearranging walls and renewable capsular compartments, are analysed through the unsuccessful Nakagin Capsule Tower case study. The Villa in Beroun was dissected using gestalt psychology in order to unpack how the human mind reads its enveloping, malleable design. Due to its unique approach to black steel, concrete and glass material, the Villa in Beroun was analysed against new brutalist definitions.

Similarity laws of geometric distortion for stiffened plate under low velocity impact loads

As a thin-walled structure, it is impractical or uneconomical to scale the thickness of stiffened plate with the same scale factor as the length, which leads to geometric distortion and the failure of traditional similarity laws. In this study, firstly, the common stiffened plate structure in engineering is selected as the object, and a reasonable equivalent technique for transforming stiffened plate into double-plate structure is proposed, which is named relative plastic capacity equivalence. Then, based on the ODLV system, the similarity law of geometric distortion for beam/plate structure is compared, and the Zhao's response number of stiffened plate is derived, from which the similarity law of co-direction geometric distortion for stiffened plate is obtained expanding the object of single thin-walled plates for the ODLV system. The similarity law of hetero-direction geometric distortion for the stiffened plate structure is derived under the premise that the relative plastic capacity K of stiffeners would be constant between the scaled model and the prototype. Satisfying this premise, the yield stress of the stiffener material and the number of stiffeners along x and y directions in the plane can both be adjusted. The similarity laws of co-direction and hetero-direction geometric distortion for stiffened plates are numerically validated through several mass-impacted stiffened plates. The results show that the similarity laws can enable the geometrically distorted stiffened plate model to predict the dynamic responses of the prototype structure, such as displacement, velocity, energy and impact force.

Second-order texton feature extraction and pattern recognition of building polygon cluster using CNN network

The cluster patterns of features in map space represent a comprehensive reflection of individual feature geometric attributes and their spatial adjacency relationships. These patterns also embody spatial cognition results under the Gestalt principle. Describing non-linear spatial cluster patterns as effective regular structures is one of the fundamental tasks in deep learning for recognizing feature cluster patterns. In this study, based on the concept of texture co-occurrence matrices from regular gray-scale images, we utilized Voronoi diagrams to construct the tessellation structure of building polygons. Built upon the foundation of first-order texton co-occurrence matrices, we established three-dimensional texton co-occurrence matrices for building polygons, considered five attributes of building size, shape, orientation, and density, and encompassed 64 different combinations of second-order neighboring directions. This matrix concretizes the latent Gestalt spatial characteristics of building polygon clusters into a three-dimensional sparse matrix. It is then used as an input vector to construct a deep convolutional neural network for recognizing building polygon cluster patterns. Through adjustments and optimizations of neural network structure and strategies, along with validation through practical case studies and comparisons with other models, we have demonstrated the effectiveness of the second-order texton co-occurrence matrix in describing the characteristics of building polygon clusters.

The dynamics of experiencing Gestalt and Aha in cubist art: pupil responses and art evaluations show a complex interplay of task, stimuli content, and time course.

Gestalt perception refers to the cognitive ability to perceive various elements as a unified whole. In our study, we delve deeper into the phenomenon of Gestalt recognition in visual cubist art, a transformative process culminating in what is often described as an Aha moment. This Aha moment signifies a sudden understanding of what is seen, merging seemingly disparate elements into a coherent meaningful picture. The onset of this Aha moment can vary, either appearing almost instantaneously, which is in line with theories of hedonic fluency, or manifesting after a period of time, supporting the concept of delayed but more in-depth meaningful insight. We employed pupillometry to measure cognitive and affective shifts during art interaction, analyzing both maximum pupil dilation and average dilation across the trial. The study consisted of two parts: in the first, 84 participants identified faces in cubist paintings under various conditions, with Aha moments and pupil dilation measured. In part 2, the same 84 participants assessed the artworks through ratings in a no-task free-viewing condition. Results of part 1 indicate a distinctive pattern of pupil dilation, with maximum dilation occurring at both trial onset and end. Longer response times were observed for high-fluent, face-present stimuli, aligning with a delayed but accurate Aha-moment through recognition. Additionally, the time of maximum pupil dilation, rather than average dilation, exhibited significant associations, being later for high-fluent, face-present stimuli and correct detections. In part 2, average, not the time of maximum pupil dilation emerged as the significant factor. Face-stimuli and highly accessible art evoked stronger dilations, also reflecting high clearness and negative valence ratings. The study underscores a complex relationship between the timing of recognition and the Aha moment, suggesting nuanced differences in emotional and cognitive responses during art viewing. Pupil dilation measures offer insight into these processes especially for moments of recognition, though their application in evaluating emotional responses through artwork ratings warrants further exploration.

Spike synchrony as a measure of Gestalt structure

The function of spike synchrony is debatable: some researchers view it as a mechanism for binding perceptual features, others – as a byproduct of brain activity. We argue for an alternative computational role: synchrony can estimate the prior probability of incoming stimuli. In V1, this can be achieved by comparing input with previously acquired visual experience, which is encoded in plastic horizontal intracortical connections. V1 connectivity structure can encode the acquired visual experience in the form of its aggregate statistics. Since the aggregate statistics of natural images tend to follow the Gestalt principles, we can assume that V1 is more often exposed to Gestalt-like stimuli, and this is manifested in its connectivity structure. At the same time, the connectivity structure has an impact on spike synchrony in V1. We used a spiking model with V1-like connectivity to demonstrate that spike synchrony reflects the Gestalt structure of the stimulus. We conducted simulation experiments with three Gestalt laws: proximity, similarity, and continuity, and found substantial differences in firing synchrony for stimuli with varying degrees of Gestalt-likeness. This allows us to conclude that spike synchrony indeed reflects the Gestalt structure of the stimulus, which can be interpreted as a mechanism for prior probability estimation.

The psychoanalytic setting: José Bleger’s encuadre

ABSTRACT José Bleger’s paper on the setting (encuadre) is integral to his 1967 book Symbiosis and Ambiguity. Relevant concepts from the book are summarised before examining his view of the setting as a “non-process” consisting of “constants”, complementing the “variables” of the analytic process. Process and setting are related as figure and ground in Gestalt psychology. The ideally maintained setting is studied as a thought experiment, uniting the categories of institution, personality, body schema, and body. Deposited in the setting, the psychotic part of the personality, or “agglutinated nucleus”, is a remnant of early symbiosis with the mother. Bleger distinguishes two settings: the analyst’s and the patient’s. The latter can only be analysed by strictly maintaining the former. Ritualisation of the setting denies temporal reality. De-symbiotisation is not always possible. A concept of “internal” setting is suggested, but Bleger nowhere mentions this and the concept is problematic, leaving open the question of how to listen to the silence of the setting. Bleger’s concept of encuadre can be applied to constants (invariants) in the wider world, the psychotic part of the personality being deposited in everything that is familiar and felt to be constant, including technology, which creates a “platform” for human activity.

New similarity laws reduced from local Mach factors in longitudinal–transverse force theory

The rapid advancement in aeronautics has led to the emergence of intricate dynamic processes and structures, such as vortices, shock waves, flow separation, and turbulence, resulting from the flow around airfoils. Acquiring a profound understanding of these local structures and unraveling the physical mechanisms underlying flow phenomena represents an essential and challenging issue in the field of flight science. In this research, the longitudinal–transverse force theory (L–T force theory), as proposed by previous researchers, is employed to quantitatively assess contributions of local flow structures to aerodynamic forces. Specifically, the research encompasses an analysis of steady and viscous compressible flow over the Royal Aircraft Establishment (RAE)-2822 airfoil, with free-stream Mach number (M∞) ranging from 0.1 to 2.0. We comprehensively estimate longitudinal forces (L-force) and transverse forces (T-force), along with effects of compressibility on aerodynamic forces. Furthermore, recognizing the necessity for high-precision algorithms in the computation of L–T force theory, this investigation utilizes a sixth-order accuracy algorithm for spatial discretization and differencing. Our analysis reveals that the influence of compressibility and the contributions of L-forces to aerodynamic forces become increasingly significant in high M∞ regimes as shearing processes weaken. Additionally, a new similarity law is established to characterize aerodynamic forces acting on the RAE-2822 airfoil based on a novel moderating factor, ζmo, reduced from local Mach factors in the L–T force theory. This coefficient, ζmo, elucidates the degree to which transverse processes are modulated by longitudinal processes. Various angles of attack α and airfoils have also been analyzed, including National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA)0012 and NACA0006, by introducing a parameter denoted as κ to further validate the universality of the new similarity laws. The results demonstrate a high degree of accuracy in fitting the aerodynamic coefficients.

Gestalt Modeling of Ponteio No. 28 by Camargo Guarnieri

Abstract: In this work, the analytical-compositional methodology called Gestalt Modeling (hereinafter GM) is used to analyze Camargo Guarnieri’s Ponteio No. 28 , from the perspective of three laws of perceptual organization according to Gestalt Psychology. The objective of the analysis is to provide some definitions of the hypothetical system that generated this musical work by Guarnieri and to plan a musical composition for solo piano entitled Aboio . This planning will be described in detail in this paper. GM comes from the convergence between two fields of knowledge, Gestalt Theory and Systemic Modeling, whose definitions will be introduced in this work. From the structural dispositions of an intertext (a pre-existing musical work), according to certain Gestalt laws of perceptual organization, it is possible to create new works based on these structures. GM basically consists of two phases: 1) analysis from the perspective of Gestalt Theory; and 2) relational generalization, which consists of considering only the relationships between objects detected in the analytical phase, disregarding their particular values. The result of this methodology is a hypothetical compositional system that generates the work used in the planning of the new work Aboio . There are aesthetic similarities at a deep level between this work and the intertext, and there are significant differences related to aspects not included in the compositional system and to the filling of relational structures contained in the system. As final results, GM presents itself as: 1) a useful and differentiated resource for the analysis of musical works and also for compositional purposes, for coherently presenting new ways of organizing musical elements; and 2) possible methodology for compositional pedagogy as it provides subsidies for a conscious practice and the development of the student’s own compositional language.

Human Face Reconstruction using Divine Proportions and Gestalt for Occluded Video Face Recovery in Forensic Analysis using Deep Learning

Forensic video analysis has been used in diverse kind of high-profile cases, global discrepancies, and conflict zones. It is a three-phase process of scientific examination, comparison, and evaluation of video in legal matters. Human face reconstruction using deep learning for occluded video face recovery to aid in forensic analysis is the main objective of this paper. Forensic facial reconstruction is a combination of both scientific methods and artistic skill. In this paper, we introduce a method to reconstruct human faces occluded due to short noise innight-time video clips. A skull database is created with unique skull models with varying shapes, forms and proportions. Human body mathematical model biometric using golden ratio algorithm is proposed and used to find the occluded face proportions. Closure principle of gestalt theory of visual perception is used to fill in the missing parts of a face design and to create a whole face image using gan. The proposed model is found to have 50% lesser reduced Median error rate and 20% reduced Stdev than PrNet and 10% lower Mean error rate than 3Dddfav2.