Similarity Coefficient Method Research Articles

Similarity coefficient and TOPSIS methods for designing flexible machine cell layout: a case study of electrical and electronic industries

Similarity coefficient and TOPSIS methods for designing flexible machine cell layout: a case study of electrical and electronic industries

ANALYSIS OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE PRESCRIPTIONS FOR CEREBRAL STROKE-RELATED DISEASES

Cerebral stroke, a type of cerebrovascular disease, has become the second leading cause of death globally. It is closely related to many diseases, including hypertension, diabetes, senile dementia, and so forth. As traditional Chinese medicine formulas are increasingly used to treat stroke and its associated diseases, people have begun to use machine learning methods to analyze Chinese medicine prescriptions and summarize their laws. In this study, we collected the data from classic Chinese formulations. Using the Jaccard similarity coefficient method, we calculated the similarity between different prescriptions. We then employed average linkage clustering, categorizing medicine prescriptions for chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, and coronary heart disease into 12 groups. Some of these included “Heart Failure and Warm Kidney Soup”, “Sinus Chamber Junction Syndrome, Quadruple One Depression, Yi Qi, Activating Blood and Feeding Heart Soup”, “Nerves One, Depression One, Tian Ma Hook and Vine Drink”, and “Bawei Antihypertensive Decoction, Anemia Decoction, Hypotension Decoction, Myocardial Live Drink”. We observed that similar prescriptions had more meaningful mutual references. Subsequently, a correlation algorithm was used to analyze the “indications” and “prescription composition”, revealing 11 effective correlation rules. Among these, palpitations were strongly correlated with Astragalus membranaceus, Angelica sinensis, and cassia twig; weakness with Salvia miltiorrhiza, A. membranaceus, and A. sinensis; headaches with Ligusticum wallichii; and vertigo with A. membranaceus. These findings provided a theoretical reference for using traditional Chinese medicine in treating cerebral stroke and associated illnesses.

CSCIM_FS: Cosine similarity coefficient and information measurement criterion-based feature selection method for high-dimensional data

Feature selection (FS) based on mutual information (MI) metrics needs to discretize the data in preprocessing, which is a convenient way to identify correlation between features. However, information loss often occurs in data discretization. In order to solve this information loss problem, this paper proposes a FS algorithm based on cosine similarity coefficient and information measurement criterion (CSCIM_FS). First, the MI between features and tags is calculated, and features are sorted out according to the MI calculated. Then, a feature matrix is constructed to transform the one-dimensional feature sequence into a two-dimensional square matrix. Next, cosine transform is adopted to obtain the high-frequency components of the feature matrix, and sampling is conducted to derive the hash fingerprint of the feature matrix. After that, the similarity between every two features is calculated on the basis of the hash fingerprints of different features. Finally, the feature weight is calculated according to tags, the MI and similarity between features, and a key feature subset is obtained and used to conduct feature selection from the data. The experimental results on several UCI public datasets show that CSCIM_FS algorithm selected a feature subset with high accuracy, and that this algorithm performs better than MIM, CMIM, mRMR and other algorithms.

Overview of the Production Process Layout Through the Technology Group at PT. Kayu Mebel Indonesia, Semarang

This research was carried out at PT. Kayu Mebel Indonesia, Semarang. The company in this wood processing area has a production form that is elongated to the factory shape so that production is less than optimal. So it is necessary to revise the production layout by applying the Rank Order Cluster Algorithm (ROCA) and Similarity Coefficient (SC) methods, both of which are used to obtain a factory layout scheme that produces maximum production in order to achieve minimum back trafficking values. In order to know the forward and backward scores obtained through analysis from to chart. The results of the study obtained forward results which were originally 70.4% to 83.1% or an increase in the forward value of 12.7% from the initial layout. As for the backtracking value which was originally 29.6% to 16.9% or a decrease in the backtracking value of 12.7% from the initial layout. The results of the initial spacing of 1562.83 meters became 1466.37 meters or experienced a 7% savings from the previous layout. As for material handling costs, which were originally Rp. 760,280, - to Rp. 690,314, - or experienced a 7% savings from the previous layout

Genetic diversity of rice sheath blight in different geographical regions of China.

Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IA (Thandfephorus cucumeris teleomorph) is the causative agent of rice sheath blight in Chinese paddy fields. Due to the importance of the disease and the lack of comprehensive information on the genetic structure of the fungus populations, 25 isolates collected from Hubei, Sichuan, Anhui, and Jiangsu provinces, and southern China's Yangtze River basin were examined for morphological characteristics, growth rate, and genetic diversity of this pathogen. The anastomosis group determination test results showed that all isolates belong to the AG1-IA anastomosis group. To quickly diagnose and confirm the anastomosis group of isolates, ten isolates along with AG1-IA and AGA standard isolates were examined by specific primers AG1-IA. A 256bp band was amplified in all of them. The results of the growth velocity study divided the isolates into two groups' fast growth (68% of isolates) and slow growth (32% of isolates). The genetic diversity of 25 isolates was assessed using the RAPD marker. Among the 20 primers, bands from seven primers ranging from 250 to 5,000bp were performed using the Jaccard similarity coefficient and UPGMA method by data cluster analysis of NTSYS-pc software. The cluster analysis results divided the isolates into two groups with a similarity level of 36%, which corresponded to the grouping of isolates into two groups of fast growth and slow growth. At the level of 80% similarity, the isolates were divided into 23 groups, which indicate the high genetic diversity of these isolates. The results of the molecular analysis showed that isolates belonging to a geographical area do not necessarily have a genetic affinity. This study performed rapid detection of R. solani AG1-IA using specific primers AG1-IA, and evaluation of genetic diversity of rice sheath blight isolates was performed by RAPD marker in this study.

A Comparative Study of Integrating Feasibility Assessment and Cell Formation Problem Using Modified Similarity Coefficient Method

A Comparative Study of Integrating Feasibility Assessment and Cell Formation Problem Using Modified Similarity Coefficient Method

Microseismic Time Delay Estimation Method Based on Continuous Wavelet.

The microseismic signal is easily affected by observation noise and the inaccurate estimation of traditional methods will seriously reduce the location accuracy of the microseismic event. Therefore, based on the continuous wavelet spectrum and the similarity coefficient, a fast and efficient microseismic time delay estimation method is proposed. Firstly, the original signals are denoised by continuous wavelet transform. Subsequently, the time-frequency transform of the original signal by continuous wavelet transform, time-frequency signal extraction is the process of band-pass filtering, which can further reduce the influence of noise interference on the time delay estimation. Finally, we calculated the similarity between the time-frequency signals via the time domain and frequency domain integration. The similarity function is based on correlation and proposed according to the time-frequency transformation provided by the phase spectrum to evaluate the similarity between two noisy signals. The time delay estimation is determined by searching for the similarity function peak. The experimental results show the precision and accuracy of the method over the cross-correlation method and generalized cross-correlation phase transformation method, especially when the signal-to-noise ratio is low. Therefore, a new time delay estimation method for non-stationary random signals is presented in this paper.

A Comparative Study of Integrating Feasibility Assessment and Cell Formation Problem Using Modified Similarity Coefficient Method

A Comparative Study of Integrating Feasibility Assessment and Cell Formation Problem Using Modified Similarity Coefficient Method

Evaluation of Genetic Diversity in Three Diospyros Species, Collected from Different Regions in Iran, Using ISSR and SCoT Molecular Markers

ABSTRACT The Diospyros genus contains approximately 400 to 500 species, among which D. kaki is cultivated as the edible persimmon. Knowledge about the genetic diversity of Diospyros genotypes is of high significance for breeding programs. In this research, the genetic diversity of 57 Diospyros genotypes collected from different regions of Iran was evaluated using inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) and start codon targeted (SCoT) markers. Seven ISSR and 10 SCoT markers produced a total of 42 and 75 fragments with the averages of 6 and 7.5 fragments per primer, respectively. The average polymorphism information content (PIC) for ISSR markers was 0.3 and for SCoT markers was 0.36. The average marker index (MI) for ISSR and SCoT markers were 1.81 and 1.79, respectively. Cluster analysis based on Jaccard’s genetic similarity coefficient and UPGMA method classified 57 Diospyros genotypes into four main groups based on ISSR and SCoT markers. However, the clustering pattern based on the combination of ISSR and SCoT markers data separated the species genotypes better than each marker alone. Accordingly, groups 1 and 2 contained all D. kaki genotypes, both encompassing various subgroups, group 3 included D. lotus and group 4 included D. virginiana genotypes. Genotype distribution visualized with principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) was in accordance with the cluster analysis. Based on our results Iran is a rich source of Diospyrus germplasm, and a combination of ISSR and SCoT markers can be used as an accurate technique for evaluating genetic diversity among the Diospyros genotypes.

Preventive maintenance planning considering machines’ reliability using group technology

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop an efficient and effective preventive maintenance (PM) plan that considers machines’ maintenance needs in addition to their reliability factor.Design/methodology/approachSimilarity coefficient method in group technology (GT) philosophy is used. Machines’ reliability factor is considered to develop virtual machine cells based on their need for maintenance according to the type of failures they encounter.FindingsUsing similarity coefficient method in GT philosophy for PM planning results in grouping machines based on their common failures and maintenance needs. Using machines' reliability factor makes the plan more efficient since machines will be maintained at the same time intervals and when their maintenance is due. This helps to schedule a standard and efficient maintenance process where maintenance material, tools and labor are scheduled accordingly.Practical implicationsThe proposed procedure will assist maintenance managers in developing an efficient and effective PM plans. These maintenance plans provide better inventory management for the maintenance materials and tools needed using the developed virtual machine cells.Originality/valueThis paper presents a new procedure to implement PM using the similarity coefficient method in GT. A new similarity coefficient equation that considers machines reliability is developed. Also a clustering algorithm that calculates the similarity between machine groups and form virtual machine cells is developed. A numerical example adopted from the literature is solved to demonstrate the proposed heuristic method.

Similarity coefficient-based cell formation method considering operation sequence with repeated operations

Cell formation is a crucial problem in the design of cellular manufacturing systems and has a decisive effect on productivity and cost. The similarity coefficient method is the most widely used to solve this problem because of its flexibility and computational efficiency. Although various similarity coefficient methods have been developed in the literature, few of these methods consider the factor of operation sequence with repeated operations, which may cause more material intercell movements. To fill this research gap, this study presents an improved similarity coefficient method for designing machine groups in the first stage. Subsequently, a modified part assignment strategy is proposed for forming cells to achieve a higher compatibility with the improved similarity coefficient method. Finally, problems from previous studies are employed to demonstrate the performance of the proposed method. Comparison results testify that the proposed method is sensitive and efficient for solving the cell formation problem.

Morpho-agronomic, biochemical and molecular analysis of genetic diversity in the Mesoamerican common bean panel.

The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is of great importance to the food and nutritional security of many populations, and exploitation of the crop's genetic diversity is essential for the success of breeding programs. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the genetic diversity of 215 common bean accessions, which included cultivars, obsolete cultivars, improved lines, and landraces using morpho-agronomic and biochemical traits, and amplified fragment length polymorphism markers (AFLP). Genetic parameters, box plots, Pearson's correlation analysis, and Ward's hierarchical clustering were used to analyze the data. The Jaccard similarity coefficient and neighbour-joining clustering method were used for molecular analysis. A wide variability among the accessions was observed for morpho-agronomic and biochemical traits. Selective accuracy (Ac) and broad-sense heritability (h2) values were high to intermediate for all traits, except seed yield. Ward's hierarchical clustering analysis generated six groups. AFLP analysis also revealed significant differences among the accessions. There was no correlation between the differences based on genetic markers and those based on morpho-agronomic and biochemical data, which indicates that both datasets are important for elucidating the differences among accessions. The results of the present study indicate great genetic diversity among the evaluated accessions.

A new method for estimating the correlation of seismic waveforms based on the NTFT

SUMMARY We propose a new correlation function called the similarity coefficient (SC) based on the normal time–frequency transform (NTFT) to evaluate the similarity between two non-stationary seismic signals as a function of the delay time. The SC is defined in the time–frequency spectrum of the NTFT, and the instantaneous phase and amplitude of each frequency component in a signal are used to calculate the SC. Our simulation experiments demonstrate that the SC method can effectively recognize similar signals compared to the conventional normalized cross-correlation coefficient (NCC) under high background noise conditions. The SC presents good robustness in identifying similar signals and performs well in the case of an extremely low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), which makes it suitable for detecting weak seismic signals concealed by noise. As a real application case, we use the SC method to detect quasi-Love (QL) surface waves. QL waves are scattered Love waves and are important indicators for lateral anisotropic gradients in the upper mantle. We detect the QL waves at 21 stations deployed across Japan after the 23 December 2004 Mw 8.1 Macquarie earthquake by using the SC method. Obvious QL waves are observed at 19 stations, and we locate the Love-to-Rayleigh scatterers by applying the delay times between the QL and main Love waves. Our results show that the QL wave scatterers were mostly generated in two areas: Mariana subduction and Papua New Guinea. The observations of QL waves suggest the presence of lateral gradients in anisotropy beneath those two areas. The spatial distribution of the 13 scatterers in the Mariana subduction zone agrees well with the Mariana Island Arc, and we infer that the Mariana slab may have melted and coupled with the surrounding mantle at depth.

Genetic diversity and population structure of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) accessions by means of microsatellites markers

The success of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) breeding programs depends on the choice of productive parent lines that have a high industrial yield and are genetically divergent. This study assessed the genetic divergence and population structure of sugarcane accessions that are the parents of the RB05 Series of the Sugarcane Breeding Program of Brazil. The DNA of 82 accessions was evaluated using 36 simple sequence repeat markers. The Jaccard similarity coefficient and Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean clustering method were used to generate a cluster that was divided into 17 distinct groups derived from probabilistic models. The similarity coefficient used in both cases showed that the degree of similarity varied from 0.4716 (RB971551 x RB965586) to 0.9526 (RB936001 x SP89-1115), with a mean of 0.8536. This result demonstrates a high similarity between the 82 accessions and confirms Wright’s F statistic (0.125), which indicates moderate genetic variability. The less-similar crosses suggest that breeders seek a higher number of crosses using cultivar RB965586, highlighting the RB971551 x RB965586 and RB965586 x RB855511 crosses. The results demonstrate that crosses such as RB936001 x SP89-1115 and RB945954 x RB896342 should be avoided because of their high genetic similarity.

Study of genetic diversity in rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars of Central and Western Asia using microsatellite markers tightly linked to important quality and yield related traits

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the most important food source for more than half of the world’s population, so determining the best hybrid line to produce hybrids with high grain yield and high cooking quality is important for proper crosses. In this study, 60 microsatellite markers were used in 63 rice genotypes of Central and West Asia to group rice cultivars. Based on data from 60 markers, it was observed that a total of 252 polymorphic alleles were amplified with an average of 4.2 alleles per primer. The mean number of effective alleles was 3.78 which RM490 and RM5423 markers had the lowest and the RM225 and RM246 markers had the highest value for this index. Nei gene diversity and amount of polymorphic information content showed that RM23 and RM212 markers had the highest value and the RM3 marker had the lowest value for these two indices. Genetic similarity and distance between populations revealed that the genetic distance between studied populations ranged from 0.147 to 0.54, indicating high variation among genotypes of these populations. The results showed that the highest genetic distance was between Iran and Uzbekistan and the least distance was between Iran and Afghanistan. The classification of genotypes was performed by cluster analysis. Genotypes were classified into 5 clusters using the Dice similarity coefficient and UPGMA method. Based on the results of cluster analysis and genetic distances, genotypes of Iran, Turkey, and Uzbekistan can be used for hybrid production to increase grain yield and quality.

Assessment of genetic diversity, population structure, and phylogenetic relationships among the Northeast Indian and South Indian commercially released tea cultivars using TE-AFLP markers

Commercially cultivated tea clones from Northeast and Southern India were analyzed using TE-AFLP markers. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) and structure analysis showed high genetic variance (74%) within five distinct populations. This study also confirmed that Assam and UPASI (Nilgiri) tea clones have originated from two different tea populations introduced from imported China tea seeds by British. We evaluated the genetic variation and population structure in 30 tea clones of Tea Research Association (TRA), Tocklai Experimental station (Tockali ES), Jorhat, from North Eastern India and 30 clones of United Planters Association of South India (UPASI), Valparai, from South-India, released for commercial plantations and four C. japonica accessions (Total 64) used as outliers using Three Endonuclease-AFLP markers. Six primer combinations were selected from the best 10 primer combinations that were used on a set of 24 tea accessions as a standardization procedure. Dendrograms were constructed by using Jaccard’s similarity coefficient and Unweighted Pair Group Method of Arithmetic Averages (UPGMA) clustering method based on high coefficient correlation ratios obtained. High level of genetic diversity and clustering of accessions according to morphological proximity was established with minor aberrations. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed highest genetic variance (79%) within five populations whereas the lowest variance (21%) was found among populations. These values change to the highest 87% and the lowest 13% when Camellia japonica accessions were removed from the analysis. Population structure analyses were performed to establish the genetic diversity and exact type each clones vis-a-vis to their molecular and morphological characteristics at present. Attempts were made to find out the population structure of Northeast and Southern India tea germplasm with their relatedness to existing morphological type. These analyses confirmed that all tea clones were genetically diverse and grouped based on their morphological characteristics and geographic regions.

Improved similarity coefficient and clustering algorithm for cell formation in cellular manufacturing systems

Cell formation plays an important role in the design of cellular manufacturing systems. Among many methods utilized to solve the cell formation problem, the similarity coefficient method is the most widely used owing to its high flexibility and low computational requirement. However, generalized similarity coefficients ignore material flow, which is closely related to operation sequence and repeated operations. Moreover, most similarity coefficient-based clustering algorithms focus on the number of inter-cell movements but disregard distinction of the movement effort. To overcome these limitations, this study improves the generalized similarity coefficient method to form part families. In addition, a new clustering algorithm is presented to assign machines to cells with minimum intensity of material inter-cell movement, which depends on the frequency, production volume and difficulty level of inter-cell movement. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method has superior sensitivity and effectiveness for solving the cell formation problem.

Development and characterization of SSR markers in Himalayan species Betula utilis

Betula utilis D. Don. is an important species of alpine Himalaya and forms the major treeline component of western Himalaya. The different populations of B. utilis are declining and are under high risk. In the present study, novel expressed sequence tag–simple sequence repeat (EST–SSR) primers were developed from expressed sequence tag (EST) data of different Betula species. Of the 10,796 designed primers, the percentages of di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, and hexa-repeats were 36%, 35%, 15%, 5.5% and 7.7%, respectively. For validation, 50 primers were synthesized randomly and were characterized in 20 different B. utilis accessions from north-western Himalaya. Of these, 45 primers amplified fragments in a range of 1–6. The 24 polymorphic primers produced 111 fragments in aggregate with 4.6 fragments on average. Polymorphism information content (PIC) ranged from 0.288 in marker BUMS-24 to 0.497 in BUMS-3 and BUMS-7, with an average of 0.447 among polymorphic markers. Dendrogram based on Jaccard’s similarity coefficient and UPGMA method showed that newly developed SSR markers distinguished twenty accessions of B. utilis into two groups. As no SSR markers were available in this species, the newly developed markers will foster molecular genetics research and conservation efforts for this species.

An integrated approach for solving cell formation and intra cell machine layout problem considering operation sequence and alternative process routing.

Cellular manufacturing is a group technology approach wherein parts and machines are arranged in flow production. Most of the cell formation methods in the previous literature have addressed the zero-one matrix for solving cell formation problem with single process routing. Even though multiple routings are considered in some cases, machine layout is not considered which results in increased number of backward flow, voids and exceptional elements. In this research, we have proposed a new heuristic approach for solving cell formation problem based on new similarity coefficient method and identifying intra-cell machine layout based on flow matrix by considering operation sequence and alternative routings. In order to validate the efficiency of our proposed method, five well-known test problems from the literature are employed and the results are compared with the existing method the results clearly show that the proposed approach which that provides superior or equal solution than the existing method.

Comparative Analysis of Cell formation Algorithms with Alternative Routings

In this paper, a comparative analysis is presented to demonstrate the performance of space search algorithm. The author developed a space search algorithm for determining machine cell based on the operations of part with consideration of alternative process routing. Cell formation concept makes production system more flexible especially in automated batch type production system. The algorithm performs selection of process plan for parts between several alternatives and assignment of parts in a machine cell simultaneously. Intercellular traffic, size of machine cell, ration of state space expansion and percent elimination factor are considered for decision making. Incorporation of percent elimination factor allows to find the best result which minimize the intercellular traffic movement. The Paper considered several problems from the literature and compare the performance of space search algorithm with Similarity coefficient method in terms of intercellular movement