Similar Template Research Articles

Efficient Stochastic Template Bank Using Inner Product Inequalities

Gravitational wave searches are crucial for studying compact sources such as neutron stars and black holes. Many sensitive modeled searches use matched filtering to compare gravitational strain data to a set of waveform models known as template banks. We introduce a new stochastic placement method for constructing template banks, offering efficiency and flexibility to handle arbitrary parameter spaces, including orbital eccentricity, tidal deformability, and other extrinsic parameters. This method can be computationally limited by the ability to compare proposal templates with the accepted templates in the bank. To alleviate this computational load, we introduce the use of inner product inequalities to reduce the number of required comparisons. We also introduce a novel application of Gaussian Kernel Density Estimation to enhance waveform coverage in sparser regions. Our approach has been employed to search for eccentric binary neutron stars, low-mass neutron stars, primordial black holes, and supermassive black hole binaries. We demonstrate that our method produces self-consistent banks that recover the required minimum fraction of signals. For common parameter spaces, our method shows comparable computational performance and similar template bank sizes to geometric placement methods and stochastic methods, while easily extending to higher-dimensional problems. The time to run a search exceeds the time to generate the bank by a factor of O(105) for dedicated template banks, such as geometric, mass-only stochastic, and aligned spin cases, O(104) for eccentric and O(103) for the tidal deformable bank. With the advent of efficient template bank generation, the primary area for improvement is developing more efficient search methodologies.

Molecularly imprinted polymer for the selective removal of direct violet 51 from wastewater: synthesis, characterization, and environmental applications

Abstract Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are a diverse class of materials designed for selective molecular recognition. These polymers are synthesized with particular binding sites that are suited to a target molecule or a collection of structurally similar molecules through the use of a process called molecular imprinting. MIPs were synthesized in this work to specifically remove direct violet 51 from occupational leachates and aqueous solutions. Methacrylic acid functioned as the functional monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as the cross-linker, 2,2-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as the initiator, and alcohol as a porogenic solvent. To improve the dye removal effectiveness, a number of factors were optimized, including time, pH, analyte concentrations, and MIP/NIP dosages. The findings showed that MIPs had a much greater capacity for direct violet 51 adsorption than nonimprinted polymers (NIPs), with MIP adsorption capacity reaching 42.553 mg g−1 and NIP adsorption capacity reaching 7 mg g−1. The pseudo 2nd-order model described the adsorption kinetics, and the rate constant (K 2) for MIPs was found to be 0.00251 mg g−1 min. Furthermore, a high rebinding efficiency of 94 % was observed when the selectivity of MIPs for direct violet 51 was assessed against structurally similar templates.

Transformer object tracking algorithm based on spatiotemporal template focal attention

Existing visual object tracking methods only use the target area of the first frame as a template, which makes it easy to fail in fast-changing and complex backgrounds. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a Transformer-based object tracking algorithm that focuses on the target focus information in the template and dynamically updates the template features. In order to reduce the interference of background information on attention, this algorithm uses a sparse Transformer module to achieve the interaction of feature information; a template focus attention module is also proposed to focus on the dynamic template features and the initial template features to retain the highly reliable feature information in the initial template. Experimental results show that the success rate and accuracy of this algorithm in the 0TB100 benchmark test are and respectively 70.9%, 91.6%and the success rate and accuracy are improved by 4.11%and respectively compared with the similar template update algorithm STARK 3.27%. This algorithm effectively addresses the limitations of existing visual object tracking methods and improves the accuracy and robustness of tracking.

Famine and ‘hongersnood’ as transnational memory: Literary legacies of the 1840s food crises in Ireland and the Netherlands

The potato blight in Ireland (1845–1849) and the dire effects of the Phytophthora infestans in the Netherlands (1845–1847) have been investigated primarily through a socioeconomical lens. The cultural practices that have shaped and transmitted the memories of these famine pasts, however, require further examination, especially in connection to the Dutch potato hunger. This article investigates the cultural legacies of these two concurrent famines as both transgenerational and transnational forms of famine memory. Focusing on literary texts, and in particular children’s and young adult novels, as carriers of famine recollections, this study demonstrates recurrent narrative scripts which go back to earliest cultural representations of these hunger crises. While tropes, plotlines and characterisations are thus a form of transgenerational prosthetic memory, the cultural repertoires used to convey famine memory also appear to be transnational, in that Dutch and Irish famine literatures are structured around similar narrative templates.

Essential Elements in Synoptic Operative Reports for Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Cancer Surgery: An HPB/CGSO Training Program Survey.

Synoptic operative reports (SORs) are checklists or templates that contain standardized elements of an operation. These elements are associated with standardized inclusion of critical elements of the operative report that translate into numerous potential benefits. Whereas SORs for melanoma, breast, and colorectal cancer surgery have already been widely implemented, similar templates for hepato-pancreato-biliary (HPB) cancer surgery are currently lacking. An anonymous voluntary online survey was distributed to HPB attendings and fellows at HPB and complex general surgical oncology (CGSO) fellowship programs. The 54 participants in this study comprised 31 (57%) HPB surgery attendings, 15 (28%) HPB surgery fellows, and 8 (15%) CGSO fellows. Notably, only six (11%) participants reported consistent use of an HPB SOR. The most commonly reported barriers to SOR uptake were the "lack of a readily available template" (55%) and the "lack of consensus/guidelines" (49%). Despite these limiting factors, a majority of respondents indicated a strong willingness to use a standardized and readily available HPB SOR (mean, 4.13/5 ± 1.23). This interest did not differ between attendings and fellows (p = 0.52) or between the participants stratified by surgical experience (p = 0.58).Finally, the participants were provided a comprehensive list of possible elements to incorporate into a standardized pancreatic and hepatobiliary SOR. After the exclusion of elements with less than 75% agreement, the pancreatic SORs included 17 (57%) of 30 possible elements, and the hepatobiliary SORs included 19 (76%) of 25 possible elements. Broad consensus on several elements of the HPB SOR suggests that uptake should be accelerated in HPB surgery.

Historical narratives: how Portuguese students aged 10 and 15 make use of national history

The main purpose of this study is to demonstrate how students make use of their knowledge about national history, while considering relevant perspectives in history education about the development of historical consciousness. A total of 103 students attending the sixth or the ninth grade in Portuguese schools were asked to ‘spontaneously’ write about the history of Portugal. This allowed the understanding of their historical literacy and the identification of the development of their historical consciousness. The data analysis was mainly based on a qualitative approach inspired by the grounded theory, carried out through a process of coding of the narrative elements in order to find meanings on conceptual trends. Generally, the results suggest the prevalence of similar schematic templates in the students’ narratives. At the same time, the research process highlighted two main categories: the assumption of a certain national identity and the understanding of intertemporal relations for personal orientation. Within the former, students either appear tied to fixed conceptions of the past, more often in the sixth grade, or to present a more historically balanced pattern, although still somewhat ethnocentric. In the latter, the idea of connecting the past and the present appears to be the overall trend, particularly in the ninth grade.

An accurate haplotyping method using multiplex pyrosequencing with AS-PCR to detect ABCB1 haplotypes associated with rivaroxaban-derived hemorrhagic events

In clinical practice, owing to the comprehensive genetic insights they offer, haplotypes have attracted greater attention than individual single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Due to the long distances across SNP locations, detecting the haplotype using genomic DNA is challenging. Current haplotyping methods are either expensive and labor-intensive (high-throughput DNA sequencing), or haplotyping a single clinical sample (computational approach) is impossible. Herein, we propose using mRNA as a haplotyping target to minimize the distance among SNPs and employing allele-specific PCR (AS-PCR) to pick up a desired haplotype, followed by multiplex pyrosequencing to type the alleles at the SNP location of interest. AS-PCR was improved by combining an additional 3′-phosphorylated modified probe to achieve the specific separation of two closely similar templates. Only the sample with more than two heterozygotes needs to be haplotyped; therefore, we propose a stratification strategy to screen the samples for further haplotyping. This method was evaluated by associating ABCB1 haplotypes with the rivaroxaban-derived side effect in a cohort of 505 patients with nephrotic syndrome, focusing on the SNPs of ABCB1: rs1236C > T, rs2677G > T/A, and rs3435C > T. We successfully identified five bleeding-related haplotypes: rs1236T-rs2677T-rs3435T, rs1236C-rs2677G-rs3435T, rs1236T-rs2677G-rs3435C, rs1236C-rs2677G-rs3435C, and rs1236T-rs2677T-rs3435C. We compared the results with those from the conventional computational algorithm PHASE and observed that PHASE results dismissed the impact of rs1236C-rs2677G-rs3435C and rs1236C-rs2677G-rs3435T on bleeding risk and erroneously suggested a false positive association of rs1236C-rs2677A-rs3435T with increased bleeding risk.

Zero‐Shot 3D Pose Estimation of Unseen Object by Two‐step RGB-D Fusion

3D Object pose estimation is a critical task in many real-world applications, e.g., robotic manipulation and augmented reality. Most existing methods focus on estimating the object instances or categories which have been seen in the training phase. However, it is imperative to estimate the pose of unseen objects without re-training the network in real world. Therefore, we proposed a 3D pose estimation method for unseen objects without re-training. Specifically, given the CAD model of the unseen object, a set of template RGB-D images (RGB images and depth images) is rendered at different viewpoints. Then a feature embedding network, named PoseFusion, is designed to extract the scene feature. In this network, RGB-D images are utilized to extract the texture feature and geometric feature, respectively. Afterwards, a cross-modality alignment module is proposed to eliminate the noise in single modality. The aligned texture feature and aligned geometric feature are fused through a geometry guided fusion module. Thus, by PoseFusion, the template RGB-D images generated from the CAD model are abstracted into a set of template scene features, and the query scene features are also embedded from the captured RGB-D images from the unseen object. Finally, the query scene features are matched with the template scene features by calculating the masked local similarity. Then the identity and pose of unseen object are determined by the most similar template. Experiments on LINEMOD and T-LESS datasets demonstrate that our method outperforms other methods and generalizes better to unseen objects. Extensive ablation studies are performed to verify the effectiveness of the PoseFusion.

Document Similarity Analysis and Template Matching in Health Insurance Using Python Flask

In recent days, a primary challenge faced by healthcare insurance organizations is the reliance on a large number of files to process insurance claims and make coverage decisions. With the gradual increase in medical insurance in India, the number of people buying medical insurance plans is rising. Document processing plays a pivotal role in the efficient management of health insurance policies and claims. This proposed study presents an innovative approach to document template matching specifically tailored for the health insurance domain, implemented using the Python Flask web framework. Integration with Python Flask offers scalability, flexibility, and ease of deployment, making it suitable for a wide range of insurance applications. This solution represents a significant advancement in document processing technology, empowering health insurance professionals with a comprehensive tool to effectively manage and analyze documents.

Novel lithium ionic cocrystals with benzoic acid derivatives and L-proline: Synthesis, X-ray structures, IR spectrums, DSC analysis, and water solubility

Lithium therapy has been employed in the treatment of mental disorders for decades, while lithium cocrystals have garnered growing attention in recent years. However, research on lithium ionic cocrystals (ICCs) remains limited, and more research is needed for their structure diversities and interaction studies. Given this background, we synthesized six lithium ICCs with l-proline and benzoic acid derivatives, each substituted with different functional groups (-OH, -SH, -CH3, –OCH3, -SCH3) as co-formers. Their crystal structures were initially determined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) and subsequently evaluated through infrared spectroscopy (IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and water solubility testing. Notably, we observed significant variations in the crystal packing, interaction mode, and physicochemical properties of the prepared ICCs, particularly in comparison between oxygen and sulfur substitution. IR spectra revealed signal shifts and intensity changes consistent with lithium coordination and other weak interactions involved. Moreover, all ICCs exhibited markedly enhanced thermal stabilities and water solubilities. In conclusion, our study not only yielded novel lithium ICCs but also provided valuable insights for the preparation of ICCs based on similar pharmacological templates.

Incremental Template Neighborhood Matching for 3D anomaly detection

The unsupervised 3D industrial anomaly detection is gaining increasing attention in the computer vision community. Most advanced multimodal methods obtain anomaly detection models by one-time training, ignoring the continuous generation of new samples in industrial scenarios. In this paper, we propose Incremental Template Neighborhood Matching (ITNM), a method that enables the model to be incrementally updated by incorporating new samples, simultaneously achieving better anomaly detection and localization performance. We use a weighted feature concatenation to combine the RGB information with the point cloud information to avoid the bias caused by the difference of feature dimension and magnitude. In training stage, Pixel-wise Coreset Selection (PCS) is used to compress the multimodal template set to prevent excessive memory usage. PCS preserves the distribution of nominal sample features as much as possible, while retaining the pixel position information. In inference stage, the query feature is compared to the ones within the pixel’s neighborhood in the template set. The distance between the query feature and the most similar template feature is calculated as the anomaly score. Template Neighborhood Matching (TNM) avoids underestimation of anomaly scores due to misaligned template matching of anomaly features. Our method achieves competitive performance on the MVTec 3D-AD dataset, when a low false positive rate is required. More importantly, the results of the incremental training experiments show that the incremental updating process is effective.

Experimental support for a sustainable treatment strategy of acrylic fiber dyeing wastewater

AbstractThe study intended to devise a sustainable treatment scheme for acrylic fiber dyeing process effluents, which significantly differ from other textile plant wastewaters. The necessary experimental support was generated from a set of tests conducted on the wastewater of a plant operation, focused solely on acrylic fiber dyeing. Related experiments involved effluent characterization, biological treatability, and chemical settling/oxidation performed on raw and bio‐treated effluent, as pre‐treatment and/or polishing steps. A total COD level of 910 mg/L with a 70% soluble ratio, low total N and P contents below 10 mg/L, a detergent content of 50 mg/L and a dark/black color of 1150 Pt‐Co unit defined the average properties of the raw plant effluent. Experimental support indicated that activated sludge operation at a sludge age level above 25 d, remained insufficient as it could only provide an effluent with a soluble COD level above 150 mg/L, a biomass escape in the range of 40 to 100 mg/L and with an intense dark color. A similar experimental template, including chemical settling, chemical oxidation by NaOCl and combination of the two processes, was tested as pre‐treatment and a polishing step after biological treatment. Pre‐treatment, although with some benefit to remove toxic and inhibitory compounds, proved to be highly costly, due to excessive chemical usage and sludge generation for a sustainable, cost‐effective approach. The sequence of chemical oxidation and settling steps implemented as a polishing stage was quite effective as it secured complete color removal, a major source of concern for the selected wastewater and also, it reduced COD down to 60 mg/L, a level significantly below the residual COD threshold for biological treatment. This approach, although case‐specific for this study, provided a scientific and general perspective for similar work.

EEG-Meta-Microstates: Towards a More Objective Use of Resting-State EEG Microstate Findings Across Studies.

Over the last decade, EEG resting-state microstate analysis has evolved from a niche existence to a widely used and well-accepted methodology. The rapidly increasing body of empirical findings started to yield overarching patterns of associations of biological and psychological states and traits with specific microstate classes. However, currently, this cross-referencing among apparently similar microstate classes of different studies is typically done by "eyeballing" of printed template maps by the individual authors, lacking a systematic procedure. To improve the reliability and validity of future findings, we present a tool to systematically collect the actual data of template maps from as many published studies as possible and present them in their entirety as a matrix of spatial similarity. The tool also allows importing novel template maps and systematically extracting the findings associated with specific microstate maps from ongoing or published studies. The tool also allows importing novel template maps and systematically extracting the findings associated with specific microstate maps in the literature. The analysis of 40 included sets of template maps indicated that: (i) there is a high degree of similarity of template maps across studies, (ii) similar template maps were associated with converging empirical findings, and (iii) representative meta-microstates can be extracted from the individual studies. We hope that this tool will be useful in coming to a more comprehensive, objective, and overarching representation of microstate findings.

CMB polarization by the asymmetric template of scalar perturbations

Inspired by a dipole asymmetric template for the CMB temperature map in the primordial scalar fluctuations observed by Planck at a large scale, we examine the contribution of a similar template for power asymmetry in modifying the linear polarization pattern of CMB. Replacing un-modulated temperature fluctuation with dipolar modulated one in time evolution equations somehow breaks linear perturbation in the various components of the CMB map. This non-linearity allows deflecting CMB polarization in patterns that contain divergence-free components. The explicit expressions for the angular power spectra of the electric and magnetic-type parities of linear polarization are derived in the form of the line of sight integral solutions. Our results demonstrate that the electric-type polarization is modified and the magnetic-type polarization would be produced. Such imprints depend on the linear and square of the asymmetric amplitude for E- and B-modes power spectra, respectively. For the observed dipole template, the value of B polarization spectrum at the large scale (ell lesssim 10) is almost equivalent to the power spectrum obtained from Compton scattering in the presence of tensor perturbation with tensor to scalar ratio about rsimeq 0.005.

Research on Formwork Construction Technology of Railway Bridge

With the continuous development of railway bridge construction, the application of new technology, new technology and new materials is becoming more and more extensive, which puts forward higher requirements for the design and construction of formwork. This article takes railway bridge templates as the research object, and focuses on the technical difficulties in the design and construction of prefabricated and assembled bridge templates for segments. Combined with the currently under construction Zhengzhou to Xuchang railway elevated bridge project, the short line method is used for construction, and the types of railway bridge templates, design and construction techniques of templates are introduced. Combining engineering examples to illustrate the characteristics of template design and construction, this provides a reference for the design and construction of similar bridge templates in the future.

Separating the memory of reionisation from cosmology in the Lyα forest power spectrum at the post-reionisation era

ABSTRACTIt has been recently shown that the astrophysics of reionisation can be extracted from the Lyα forest power spectrum by marginalizing the memory of reionisation over cosmological information. This impact of cosmic reionisation on the Lyα forest power spectrum can survive cosmological time-scales because cosmic reionisation, which is inhomogeneous, and subsequent shocks from denser regions can heat the gas in low-density regions to ∼3 × 104 K and compress it to mean-density. Current approach of marginalization over the memory of reionisation, however, is not only model-dependent, based on the assumption of a specific reionisation model, but also computationally expensive. Here, we propose a simple analytical template for the impact of cosmic reionisation, thereby treating it as a broad-band systematic to be marginalized over for Bayesian inference of cosmological information from the Lyα forest in a model-independent manner. This template performs remarkably well with an error of $\le 6~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ at large scales k ≈ 0.19 Mpc−1, where the effect of the memory of reionisation is important, and reproduces the broad-band effect of the memory of reionisation in the Lyα forest correlation function, as well as the expected bias of cosmological parameters due to this systematic. The template can successfully recover the morphology of forecast errors in cosmological parameter space as expected when assuming a specific reionisation model for marginalization purposes, with a slight overestimation of tens of per cent for the forecast errors on the cosmological parameters. We further propose a similar template for this systematic on the Lyα forest 1D power spectrum.

Optimizing Endoscopy Procedure Documentation Improves Guideline-Adherent Care in Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding

Background and AimsUpper GI bleeding (UGIB) is a common indication for inpatient esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). Guideline adherence improves post-EGD care, including appropriate medication dosing/duration and follow-up procedures that reduce UGIB-related morbidity. We aimed to optimize and standardize post-EGD documentation to improve process and clinical outcomes in UGIB-related care.MethodsWe performed a prospective quality improvement study of inpatient UGIB endoscopies at an academic tertiary referral center during 6/2019–7/2021. Guidelines were used to develop etiology/severity-specific electronic health record note templates. Participants (39 faculty/15 trainees) completed 10-min training in template content/use. We collected pre/post-intervention process data on “Minimal Standard Report” (MSR) documentation including patient disposition, diet, and medications. We also recorded documentation of re-bleed precautions and follow-up procedures. Study outcomes included guideline-based medication prescriptions, ordering of follow-up EGD, and post-discharge re-bleeding. Pre/post-intervention analysis was performed using chi-square tests.ResultsFrom a pre-intervention baseline of 199 patients to 459 patients post-intervention, compliance improved with inpatient PPI (53.4–77.9%, p < 0.001) and discharge PPI (31.3–61.0%, p < 0.001) prescriptions. There was improvement in MSR completion (28.6–42.5%, p < 0.001). Compliance improved with octreotide prescriptions (75.0–93.6%, p = 0.002) and follow-up EGD order (61.3–87.1%, p < 0.001). There was no change in post-discharge re-bleeding. 82.6% of cases used templates.ConclusionsOur project leveraged endoscopy software to standardize documentation, resulting in improved clinical care behavior and efficiency. Our intervention required low burden of maintenance, and sustainability with high utilization over 9 months. Similar endoscopy templates can be applied to other health systems and procedures to improve care.

Improving protein structure prediction using templates and sequence embedding.

Protein structure prediction has been greatly improved by deep learning, but the contribution of different information is yet to be fully understood. This article studies the impacts of two kinds of information for structure prediction: template and multiple sequence alignment (MSA) embedding. Templates have been used by some methods before, such as AlphaFold2, RoseTTAFold and RaptorX. AlphaFold2 and RosetTTAFold only used templates detected by HHsearch, which may not perform very well on some targets. In addition, sequence embedding generated by pre-trained protein language models has not been fully explored for structure prediction. In this article, we study the impact of templates (including the number of templates, the template quality and how the templates are generated) on protein structure prediction accuracy, especially when the templates are detected by methods other than HHsearch. We also study the impact of sequence embedding (generated by MSATransformer and ESM-1b) on structure prediction. We have implemented a deep learning method for protein structure prediction that may take templates and MSA embedding as extra inputs. We study the contribution of templates and MSA embedding to structure prediction accuracy. Our experimental results show that templates can improve structure prediction on 71 of 110 CASP13 (13th Critical Assessment of Structure Prediction) targets and 47 of 91 CASP14 targets, and templates are particularly useful for targets with similar templates. MSA embedding can improve structure prediction on 63 of 91 CASP14 (14th Critical Assessment of Structure Prediction) targets and 87 of 183 CAMEO targets and is particularly useful for proteins with shallow MSAs. When both templates and MSA embedding are used, our method can predict correct folds (TMscore > 0.5) for 16 of 23 CASP14 FM targets and 14 of 18 Continuous Automated Model Evaluation (CAMEO) targets, outperforming RoseTTAFold by 5% and 7%, respectively. Available at https://github.com/xluo233/RaptorXFold. Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

A Closed-Loop Audit for Orthopedic Trauma Operation Notes Comparing Typed Electronic Notes With Handwritten Notes

IntroductionOperation notes are important documents for ensuring patient safety, effective communication between clinicians, and for medicolegal purposes. It is essential that they are clear and accurate. We audited the quality of our operation notes against the Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) of England's Good Surgical Practice Guidelines.MethodsThis was a prospective audit of 99 orthopedic trauma operation notes. In the first cycle, we audited 58 operation notes for orthopedic trauma surgical procedures. We audited 17 parameters per note. We presented our findings, implemented changes including the use of a typed operation note template, and performed a re-audit using 41 operation notes.ResultsOur documentation for 3/17 parameters was up to standard in both cycles. Post-intervention, there was an improvement in documentation for 12/17 of the parameters with marked improvements in indication for surgery (45% vs 75%), tourniquet time (20% vs 45%), antibiotic prophylaxis (71% vs 89%), closure technique (62% vs 86%) and detailed postoperative instruction (40% vs 92%). Other parameters, particularly estimated blood loss (7% vs 8%) remained unchanged. In the second cycle, we noted that 25% of the typed notes had 100% compliance with the standards, whereas no handwritten note achieved this. However, there was no statistically significant difference in the mean number of correctly documented parameters between the typed and handwritten notes (p < 0.05).ConclusionThe use of operation note templates (preferably typed) can improve appropriate documentation in orthopedic trauma operation notes. These templates should be made easily accessible to all surgeons. We will recommend orthopedic trauma units to apply similar non-rigid templates that can be tailored to suit different categories of trauma surgery.

Tamquam alter idem: formal similarities in a subset of reports on anti-inflammatory compounds in the years 2008–2019

A literature search on the in vitro testing of anti-inflammatory compounds of natural origin revealed a considerable number of studies adopting a similar template for data reporting in the years up to 2019. Sixty-five such reports appear to have been published between the years 2008 and 2019. Interestingly, this format template was clearly recognizable by a few hallmarks, such as a precise way of plotting cell viability data, extremely consistent endpoints, and the way these were graphically represented. In some instances the similarities extended to some textual features, such as in the case of figure legends. The similarity was so high that chance can be excluded and these studies can be safely assumed to have intentionally followed a template. By 2020, however, no new reports following this format have been published. Although a consistent and reproducible formatting for data reporting may improve report readability, this phenomenon should also be closely scrutinized to assess the rationale why it occurred, the validity of the endpoints that were chosen and why it was then abandoned. The present report reviewed the mean features of this format, traced its origin and its evolution over time, while discussing the limitations of this model.