Similar Physical Activity Levels Research Articles

Have I Seen You Here Before? Social Network and Physical Activity Implications of Previous Participation in a Summer Care Program

This study explores the impact of prior participation in summer care programs (SCPs) on children’s physical activity (PA) and social connections at the start (T1) and end (T2) of summer. Children aged 8–12 reported their attendance, PA, and social connections (T1: n = 100, T2: n = 77). T-tests and exponential random graph modeling were used to analyze data. Results showed that prior attendance didn’t significantly affect friend count or PA. New connections formed over time were more likely among children with similar PA levels. The study highlights SCPs’ role in integrating new children into social circles without preferential attachment.

Effects of a Ketogenic Diet on Body Composition in Healthy, Young, Normal-Weight Women: A Randomized Controlled Feeding Trial.

This study investigates the effects of a ketogenic low-carbohydrate high-fat (LCHF) diet on body composition in healthy, young, normal-weight women. With the increasing interest in ketogenic diets for their various health benefits, this research aims to understand their impact on body composition, focusing on women who are often underrepresented in such studies. Conducting a randomized controlled feeding trial with a crossover design, this study compares a ketogenic LCHF diet to a Swedish National Food Agency (NFA)-recommended control diet over four weeks. Seventeen healthy, young, normal-weight women adhered strictly to the provided diets, with ketosis confirmed through blood β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was utilized for precise body composition measurements. To avoid bias, all statistical analyses were performed blind. The findings reveal that the ketogenic LCHF diet led to a significant reduction in both lean mass (-1.45 kg 95% CI: [-1.90;-1.00]; p < 0.001) and fat mass (-0.66 kg 95% CI: [-1.00;-0.32]; p < 0.001) compared to the control diet, despite similar energy intake and physical activity levels. This study concludes that while the ketogenic LCHF diet is effective for weight loss, it disproportionately reduces lean mass over fat mass, suggesting the need for concurrent strength training to mitigate muscle loss in women following this diet.

Quality of life and level of physical activity of individuals with temporomandibular disorders with and without otological symptoms: Secondary analysis of a cross-sectional study.

Otological symptoms (OS) are highly prevalent in individuals with temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Individuals with TMD and OS have more neck disability and decreased deep neck muscles endurance when compared to individuals without OS. However, no studies have evaluated whether OS is associated with lower Quality of Life (QoL) and worse levels of physical activity. This study aimed to evaluate the QoL and level of physical activity of individuals with TMD with and without OS. In this cross-sectional study, 62 individuals with TMD were allocated into 2 groups: TMD with OS (n=36) or TMD without OS (n=26). Self-reported complaints of dizziness, vertigo, tinnitus, earache, ear fullness, or hypoacusis were considered as OS. QoL was assessed with the WHOQOL-Bref and physical activity with the IPAQ-SF. Independent t-test and chi-squared test were used for analysis between-groups. Effect sizes were reported using Cohen's d. A Pearson correlation was used to compare the number of OS and QoL scores. A significance level of p<0.05% and 95% confidence intervals were considered statistically significant. The total generic scores for QoL were not different between-groups (p=0.076), but individuals with TMD with OS had lower satisfaction (p=0.015; d: 0.63) and physical domain (p=0.015; d: 0.64) scores with a moderate effect size. In TMD with OS, 69.4% of individuals were irregularly active and 50% for the TMD without OS, with no statistical significance (p>0.05). The number of OSs was inversely and weakly associated with the QoL total score. Individuals with TMD and OS are associated with worsened QoL (physical domain and satisfaction) when compared to individuals with TMD without OS. The higher the number of OS, the worse the QoL score. Individuals with TMD with and without OS had similar levels of physical activity, but a high prevalence of irregularly active and sedentary individuals within TMD diagnosed population was found.

People with type 1 diabetes exhibit lower exercise capacity compared to a control population with similar physical activity levels

AimsWe aimed to assess physical activity (PA) levels, adherence to PA guidelines, and fitness capacity in individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and control population. MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 232 T1D and 248 controls. PA levels (IPAQ-SF questionnaire), adherence to guidelines (>150 min/week of moderate-to-vigorous PA), fitness capacity (VO2max, maximal incremental test on a cycle ergometer and 1RM test) were assessed, along with other clinical variables. ResultsTotal PA levels (T1D 2202 ± 1839 vs. controls 2357 ± 2189 METs/min/week), adherence (T1D 53.1 % vs controls 53.2 %), and sedentariness (T1D 27.3 % vs. controls 25.1 %) were similar between groups. However, participants with T1D exhibited significantly lower levels of VO2max (29.1 ± 10.5 vs. 32.5 ± 11.5 mlO2/kg/min, p < 0.001), work capacity (2.73 ± 1.03 vs. 3 ± 10 W/kg of body weight, p = 0.004) and strength capacity (2.29 ± 0.53 vs. 2.41 ± 0.79 kg/kg body weight in 1RM, p = 0.01) than controls, after adjusting for sex and age. ConclusionsIndividuals with T1D exhibit lower fitness capacity compared to a control population, regardless of age and sex, even when presenting similar levels of total physical activity and adherence to guidelines.

Cardiorespiratory abnormalities in ICU survivors of COVID-19 with postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection are unrelated to invasive mechanical ventilation.

Postacute sequelae of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (PASC) often leads to exertional intolerance and reduced exercise capacity, particularly in individuals previously admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU). However, the impact of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) on PASC-associated cardiorespiratory abnormalities during exercise remains poorly understood. This single-center, cross-sectional study aimed to gather knowledge on this topic. Fifty-two patients with PASC recruited ∼6 mo after ICU discharge were clustered based on their need for IMV (PASC + IMV, n = 27) or noninvasive support therapy (PASC + NIS, n = 25). Patients underwent pulmonary function and cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) and were compared with a reference group (CONTROL, n = 19) comprising individuals of both sexes with similar age, comorbidities, and physical activity levels but without a history of COVID-19 illness. Individuals with PASC, irrespective of support therapy, presented with higher rates of cardiorespiratory abnormalities than CONTROL, especially dysfunctional breathing patterns, dynamic hyperinflation, reduced oxygen uptake and oxygen pulse, and blunted heart rate recovery (all P < 0.05). Only the rate of abnormal oxygen pulse was greater among PASC + IMV group than PASC + NIS group (P = 0.05). Mean estimates for all CPX variables were comparable between PASC + IMV and PASC + NIS groups (all P > 0.05). These findings indicate significant involvement of both central and peripheral factors, leading to exertional intolerance in individuals with PASC previously admitted to the ICU, regardless of their need for IMV.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We found cardiorespiratory abnormalities in ICU survivors of severe-to-critical COVID-19 with PASC to be independent of IMV need. Overall, both group of patients experienced dysfunctional breathing patterns, dynamic hyperinflation, lower oxygen uptake and oxygen pulse, and blunted heart rate responses to CPX. PASC seems to impact exertional tolerance and exercise capacity due to ventilatory inefficiency, impaired aerobic metabolism, and potential systolic and autonomic dysfunction, all of these irrespective of support therapy during ICU stay.

Comparison of skeletal muscle oxidative function in young, middle-aged, and older males and females with similar physical activity levels.

Optimal skeletal muscle oxidative function (microvascular reactivity and mitochondrial capacity) is an integral part of healthy aging and is related to physical function and quality of life. We aimed to extend upon the understanding of skeletal muscle oxidative function with healthy aging in males and females across the adult life span. Younger (N = 22; 11 males), middle-aged (N = 19; 10 males), and older (N = 21; 10 males) adults completed this study. Time spent in moderate and vigorous physical activity was self-reported and similar among groups. Near-infrared spectroscopy was used to investigate skeletal muscle microvascular reperfusion [oxyhemoglobin-myoglobin (O2Hb+Mb) half-time to peak hyperemia (T½)], mitochondrial capacity [muscle oxygen consumption (mV̇o2) recovery rate constant], and walking tissue oxygen saturation ([Formula: see text]) of the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle at seven incremental walking speeds. Mitochondrial capacity was not significantly different across groups (P = 0.07). Younger adults exhibited significantly slower T½ compared with older adults (P = 0.006) and middle-aged adults (P = 0.025). There were no observed sex differences for mitochondrial capacity (P = 0.442) or T½ (P = 0.402). Older adults exhibited significantly lower [Formula: see text] across all walking speeds compared with younger adults (P = 0.003). Mitochondrial capacity and microvascular reperfusion are maintained in middle and older age, with no sex differences in either outcome. However, in older adults whole body functional movement, such as walking, may place an additional demand on the TA as a compensatory response to lower functional reserve not evident in distinct measures of mitochondrial capacity and microvascular reperfusion.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Compared with younger adults, mitochondrial capacity and microvascular reperfusion of the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle are well maintained in similarly physically active middle-aged and older adults, with no sex differences observed in either outcome. However, greater tissue oxygen utilization in older adults during walking highlights how whole body functional movement may place an additional demand on the TA that reveals a potential compensatory response to lower functional reserve not evident in distinct measures of mitochondrial capacity and microvascular reperfusion.

Disentangling associations between pubertal development, healthy activity behaviors, and sex in adolescent social networks.

With the onset of puberty, youth begin to choose their social environments and develop health-promoting habits, making it a vital period to study social and biological factors contextually. An important question is how pubertal development and behaviors such as physical activity and sleep may be differentially linked with youths' friendships. Cross-sectional statistical network models that account for interpersonal dependence were used to estimate associations between three measures of pubertal development and youth friendships at two large US schools drawn from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. Whole-network models suggest that friendships are more likely between youth with similar levels of pubertal development, physical activity, and sleep. Sex-stratified models suggest that girls' friendships are more likely given a similar age at menarche. Attention to similar pubertal timing within friendship groups may offer inclusive opportunities for tailored developmental puberty education in ways that reduce stigma and improve health behaviors.

Relationship of Body Composition with Height and Weight in Attendants of Cancer Patients

Objective: To discern the relationship of height and weight with body composition in healthy attendants of cancer patients. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Oct to Dec 2022. Methodology: A total of 226 healthy adults aged 19-47 years having similar daily physical activity levels were included. The body composition of study participants was evaluated using a bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA) machine. The weight of all participants was recorded with the help of a weighing machine. The participants' height was measured using a Harpenden Stadiometer and recorded. Results: Our study showed that weight had a significant positive correlation with body fat mass (rs value=0.83), skeletal muscle mass (rs value=0.763), total body water (rs value=0.704), fat-free mass (rs value=0.75) and per cent body fat (rs value 0.716). On the other hand, height had a negative but non-significant association with fat mass (rs value= 0.025) and a negative significant association with per cent body fat (rs value=-0.16). Height had a positive and significant association with fat-free mass (rs value=0.553), total body water (rs value=0.501) and skeletal muscle mass (rs value=0.505). Conclusion: Weight, if used alone, is not a good indicator of obesity or emaciation, and height has a negative association with fat mass.

The Relationship between Body Composition and Physical Activity Level in Students of Medical Faculties.

Maintaining an active lifestyle is crucial for good health. Markers of health risk include tissue components. This study aimed to indicate which body composition elements create the strongest correlations with physical activity performed in young students of medical faculties. The study group consisted of 75 students (33 men and 42 women) from Wroclaw Medical University. Each student underwent accelerometer and anthropometric measurements and body composition analysis. Both men and women had similar physical activity levels. The study found that the amount of vigorous physical activity correlated significantly with the basal metabolic rate (BMR), fat, water and muscle content, fat-free mass (FFM), bone mass, extracellular to intracellular water ratio (ECW/ICW), and phase angle (PA), with r~ ± (0.2-0.4). The amount of moderate physical activity correlated with body mass, body mass index (BMI), BMR, FFM, and bone mass, with r~0.3-0.5. There are dimorphic differences in the strength of correlations between physical activity and elements of body composition. A greater amount of moderate and vigorous physical activity is associated with greater FFM and bone mass in men, which causes BMI to increase as well (in this case, higher BMI is not a sign of being overweight). For women, the beneficial effect of higher amounts of vigorous physical activity on reducing fat content and increasing muscle mass is more pronounced. In both men and women, an improvement in hydration is evident with increased vigorous physical activity volume.

SAT280 Burden Of Disease and Quality Of Life In Patients After Bilateral Adrenalectomy Versus Autoimmune Adrenalitis: A Cross-sectional Survey Study

Abstract Disclosure: R. Gregg Garcia: None. I. Bancos: None. Background: Bilateral adrenalectomy (BLA) is a procedure with limited indications, such as bilateral pheochromocytomas and certain cases of Cushing syndrome. Impaired quality of life (QoL) has been reported in patients with primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) due to autoimmune adrenalitis (AA). We hypothesized that, when compared to AA, patients post-BLA experience worse QoL due to sequelae of Cushing syndrome or pheochromocytoma. Objective: To compare the QoL and burden of disease in patients with PAI due to BLA versus AA. Methods: A cross-sectional study of adults with PAI due to BLA or AA, August 15 - November 26, 2022. Patients were excluded if PAI was diagnosed within one year from the enrollment date or if active malignancy was present. Participants completed a questionnaire about symptoms, burden of disease, adrenal crisis, and QoL (AddiQoL). Results: Of 120 patients with PAI, 49 (41%) had BLA, and 71 (59%) had AA. Median age was 52 years (range 23-80), without subgroup differences, but a higher proportion of women in the post-BLA vs the AA group (86% vs 69%, p=0.04). Reasons for BLA were Cushing syndrome (44, 90%) and bilateral pheochromocytomas (5, 10%). Duration of PAI was higher in patients with AA (median 12 vs 7 years post-BLA, p=0.02). The majority of patients reported wearing a medical bracelet (82%), having injectable glucocorticoid (90%), and comfort injecting (61%), without subgroup differences. Total daily hydrocortisone dose was higher in patients with AA vs patients post-BLA (mean of 23 mg vs 20 mg, p=0.03). A total of 26 (22%) patients reported at least one adrenal crisis within the last year, with a greater proportion in the post-BLA group (33% vs 14% in AA, p=0.02). No subgroup differences were noted in risk factors for adrenal crisis development, such as hydrocortisone equivalent dose, type of glucocorticoid therapy, duration of PAI, having a medic alert bracelet and injectable glucocorticoids, comfort injecting, or physical activity. Compared to AA, patients post-BLA had a similar QoL (median AddiQoL score 86 vs 84, p-value 0.72). Duration of PAI was not associated with QoL. Physical activity ≥3 times/week was associated with a better QoL (median AddiQoL score 90 vs 80 in those with lower level of physical activity, p=0.001); no subgroup differences in physical activity ≥3 times/week were found (57% in BLA vs 62% in AA, p=0.59). Since the initial diagnosis of PAI, more patients with AA reported that PAI was “harder” to manage (23% vs 6% post-BLA, p-value 0.04), with most patients reporting that management was easier (52% in AA and 63% in BLA) or not different (25% in AA and 31% in BLA). Conclusions: Despite a higher prevalence of adrenal crisis, more patients with BLA vs AA found PAI easier to manage. Moreover, patients with BLA and AA had a similar level of comfort and education managing PAI, similar QoL, and engaged in similar levels of physical activity, despite history of Cushing syndrome. Presentation: Saturday, June 17, 2023

Objectively and subjectively measured physical activity levels in individuals with whiplash associated disorder and aged-matched healthy controls.

Whiplash associated disorders (WAD) are the most common non-hospitalised injuries resulting from a motor vehicle crash. Half of individuals with WAD experience ongoing pain and disability. Furthermore, individuals with persistent WAD have lower levels of aerobic capacity and isometric strength compared with age-matched controls. It is not known whether these differences are associated with increased levels of pain and disability, or with reduced physical activity (PA) participation. Our primary aim was to compare PA levels in individuals with persistent WAD with healthy controls. Secondary aims were to: compare objective and subjective measurements of PA; explore factors that may influence PA; and describe proportions of these populations meeting World Health Organisation PA guidelines. Objective (ActiGraph accelerometer; seven days) and subjective (International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)) PA data were collected for n = 53 age-matched participants (WAD n = 28; controls n = 25). Independent sample t-tests showed no significant difference in objectively measured PA (p>0.05) between WAD and controls. For the subjective measure (IPAQ), controls reported more overall weekly PA (t = 0.219, p<0.05), while WAD participants reported more weekly walking minutes (t = -0.712, p<0.05). Linear regression showed mental health quality-of-life predicted objectively measured moderate intensity PA (R2 = 0.225, F (2, 44) = 6.379, p<0.004) and subjectively reported overall PA (R2 = 0.132, F (1, 41) = 6.226, p<0.017). Bland-Altman analyses indicated that subjects over-reported MVPA and under-reported sedentary time using the IPAQ. Individuals with WAD had levels of physical and mental health quality-of-life significantly lower than controls and below population norms yet participated in similar levels of PA. Given that increased perceptions of mental health quality-of-life were positively associated with objectively measured MVPA and subjectively reported overall PA, strategies to help people with WAD achieve adequate doses of MVPA may be beneficial. ActiGraph-measured and IPAQ-reported PA were discordant. Hence, IPAQ may not be a reliable measure of habitual PA in WAD.

O.6.1-11 Children’s play and physical activity levels in a natural playground: an observational case study from the Netherlands

Abstract Purpose Natural playgrounds stimulate active play in children and, as such, support their healthy development. Therefore, the municipality of Almere (The Netherlands), aims to develop more natural playgrounds within its neighbourhoods and parks. However, insight into how children play in these playgrounds is lacking, which is needed for optimal playgrounds design and policy development. Therefore, this study aimed to map the usage of a typical natural playground in Almere. Methods In this observational case study, direct observations (4 days, 4 times a day) of visitors (number, gender, age category, physical activity level, activity) were conducted using the SOPARC method at the natural playground in the Cascade park in Almere (approx. 218.000 inhabitants). This playground (size: 1.5ha) is located at the centre of a neighbourhood and has a natural surface (i.e. grass, sand) and various amenities (e.g. swings, zip-line, slides, climber, hills, sand play area, tiny forest). Descriptive analysis was used to summarize the data. A chi-square test was used to analyze the difference in physical activity levels (sedentary, moderate to vigorous physical activity) between boys and girls. Results A total of 287 people were observed at the playgrounds, with an average of 18 people (SD = 15, range: 3-50) per measurement. Most visitors were children (56%), followed by adults (29%), teenagers (14%), and seniors (1%). More girls (56%) were observed and more than half of the children (58%) were playing actively. Physical activity levels of boys and girls were similar (p=.81). The children’s main activities were walking (33%), standing (15%), running (14%), sitting (11%), climbing or sliding (9%), and chasing games (7%). Conclusions The playground was mainly used by children, slightly favouring girls. More than half of the children were involved in physically active play, which mostly was a locomotor type of activity. Boys and girls had similar physical activity levels. Funding Source This study was supported by a SIA fund (HBOPD.2018.05.57).

Muscle Strength, Oxygen Saturation and Physical Activity in Patients with Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome Compared to Asymptomatic Controls.

One of the most common causes of exercise-induced pain in the lower leg is chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS). Research is limited on muscle strength, oxygen saturation and physical activity in patients with CECS. To compare muscle strength, oxygen saturation, and daily physical activity between patients with CECS and matched asymptomatic controls. A secondary purpose was to investigate the association between oxygen saturation and lower leg pain in patients with CECS. Case-control study. Maximal isometric muscle strength of the ankle plantar and dorsiflexors was tested in patients with CECS and sex- and age-matched controls using an isokinetic dynamometer and oxygen saturation (StO2) during running was tested by near infrared spectroscopy. Perceived pain and exertion were measured during the test using the Numeric Rating Scale and Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion scale and the exercise-induced leg pain questionnaire. Physical activity was assessed by accelerometry. Twenty-four patients with CECS and 24 controls were included. There were no differences in maximal isometric plantar or dorsiflexion muscle strength between patients and controls. Baseline StO2 was 4.5pp (95% CI: 0.7;8.3) lower for patients with CECS than for controls, whereas no difference existed when they experienced pain or reached exhaustion. No differences were found in daily physical activities, except that on average, patients with CECS spent less time cycling daily. During the StO2 measurement, patients experienced pain or reached exhaustion while running significantly earlier than the controls (p<0.001). StO2 was not associated with leg pain. Patients with CECS have similar leg muscle strength, oxygen saturation and physical activity levels as asymptomatic controls. However, patients with CECS experienced significantly higher levels of lower leg pain than the controls during running, daily activities and at rest. Oxygen saturation and lower leg pain were not associated. Level 3b.

Is COVID-19 induced reductions in the level of physical activity associated with increased depressive symptoms in patients with hypertension?

BackgroundStudies have reported that the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak led to reduced levels of physical activity, but this has been rarely studied in patients with hypertension. This study investigated the association between depressive symptoms and changes in physical activity of patients with hypertension during the COVID-19 outbreak. MethodsData were from the Korea Community Health Survey (KCHS), conducted between August to November 2020. The KCHS is a nationwide cross-sectional survey that evaluates information on various sociodemographic, economic, and health related variables. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Physical activity was measured using a questionnaire inquiring whether participants experienced any changes in physical activity after the pandemic. The association between depressive symptoms and changes in physical activity level were analyzed using a multivariable logistic regression analysis. ResultsOut of 55,203 patients, 39.6% responded that they had experienced lower levels of physical activity due to the pandemic and showed increased likelihoods of depressive symptoms (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.14–1.54) than individuals who responded that they had performed similar levels of physical activity. This tendency was stronger in patients that did not receive treatment for hypertension (OR 2.07, 95% CI 1.02–4.23) than those who did receive treatment with marginal significance (p-value of interaction term: 0.1241). ConclusionsDecreased levels of physical activity due to the outbreak was experienced by a noticeable proportion of patients with hypertension and was associated with increased likelihoods of depressive symptoms.

Cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle fitness, and physical activity in children with long QT syndrome: A prospective controlled study.

In children with congenital long QT syndrome (LQTS), the risk of arrhythmic events during exercise commonly makes it difficult to balance exercise restrictions versus promotion of physical activity. Nevertheless, in children with LQTS, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle fitness, and physical activity, have been scarcely explored. In this prospective, controlled, cross-sectional study, 20 children with LQTS (12.7 ± 3.7 years old) and 20 healthy controls (11.9 ± 2.4 years old) were enrolled. All participants underwent a cardiopulmonary exercise test, a muscular architecture ultrasound assessment, (cross-sectional area on right rectus femoris and pennation angle), a handgrip muscular strength evaluation, and a standing long broad jump test. The level of physical activity was determined using with a waist-worn tri-axial accelerometer (Actigraph GT3X). Peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) and ventilatory anaerobic threshold (VAT) were lower in children with LQTS than in healthy controls (33.9 ± 6.2 mL/Kg/min vs. 40.1 ± 6.6 mL/Kg/min, P = 0.010; 23.8 ± 5.1 mL/Kg/min vs. 28.8 ± 5.5 mL/Kg/min, P = 0.007, respectively). Children with LQTS had lower standing long broad jump distance (119.5 ± 33.2 cm vs. 147.3 ± 36.1 cm, P = 0.02) and pennation angle (12.2 ± 2.4° vs. 14.3 ± 2.8°, P = 0.02). No differences in terms of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity were observed (36.9 ± 12.9 min/day vs. 41.5 ± 18.7 min/day, P = 0.66), but nearly all children were below the WHO guidelines. Despite similar physical activity level, cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle fitness in children with LQTS were lower than in healthy controls. The origin of this limitation seemed to be multifactorial, involving beta-blocker induced chronotropic limitation, physical and muscle deconditioning. Cardiovascular rehabilitation could be of interest in children with LQTS with significant physical limitation.

Parenthood and changes in physical activity from early adulthood to mid-life among Finnish adults.

This study examined longitudinal associations between parenthood-related factors and physical activity from young adulthood to midlife over a 19-year follow-up period. Participants (n= 761) at the ongoing Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study responded to a self-report questionnaire in their adulthood (in 1992, 2001, 2007, and 2011). Participants were classified as meeting or not meeting an aerobic physical activity recommendation. Parenthood-related factors included the age of having their first child and the number and age of the children. Analyses of generalized estimation equations were performed and adjusted for several demographic and health-related covariates. Both mothers and fathers with children under 6 years were less likely to be involved in physical activity than participants without children. However, meeting the aerobic physical activity recommendations did not differ between parents with a youngest child who was 6 years old or older as compared to the childless participants. The older the youngest child was, the more likely the parents were to be physically active. Participants who became a parent relatively late, at the age of 30 or older, seemed less likely to meet the aerobic physical activity recommendation during follow-up than those who had their first child at the age of 26-29. The results indicate that parenthood does not seem to have a long-lasting negative impact on adults' physical activity, and the individuals reached a similar level of physical activity in midlife than they had before parenthood.

Changes in Anthropometric Measurements and Physical Fitness of Polish Students in 20-Year Period

Intergenerational changes are still being recorded worldwide, although their magnitude and direction may vary in different countries. The aim of this study was to determine changes in the magnitude and direction of changes in the body morphology and motor abilities of physically active adults over 20 years. Two hundred and fifty-two individuals aged 18-28 years volunteered to participate in the study. The changes were analyzed over a 20-year period (March 2001; P1 vs. March 2022; P2). The measured parameters were body height, weight, and body fat. Further, hand grip strength with dynamometer measurement, a sit-up test, a sit and reach test, and a standing long jump were performed to examine motor abilities. The results of the conducted tests were compared between subjects from both periods. Our study confirms changes in trends concerning body morphology and motor ability performance. Higher values of body mass index and body fat were observed in P2 women, whereas these differences were not significant in men. Additionally, in terms of physical performance, the P2 group noted worse results than their peers from the past. Despite young adults claiming to have similar physical activity levels to those observed in the past, they demonstrate poorer physical performance and higher body fat levels. The observed changes can be considered negative.

Translation and linguistic validation of the Pittsburgh Fatigability Scale for Korean breast cancer survivors: A cognitive interviewing study.

Fatigability-the perception of fatigue contextualized to activities of fixed intensity and duration-has received growing attention in oncology research. This study aimed to translate and linguistically validate a Korean-language version of the Pittsburgh Fatigability Scale. Following the Linguistic Validation Manual for Health Outcome Assessment, we applied a multi-stage cognitive interviewing (CI) method to ensure accurate translation and interpretation of the Pittsburgh Fatigability Scale. After forward- and backward-translation were completed, three rounds of CI regarding the translated instrument were performed with 18 participants having or not having breast cancer. The first round of CI showed that seven items of the 10-item Korean-language instrument required revision to reflect the physical abilities of breast cancer patients with similar levels of physical activity. After the second round, two additional items were revised to reflect the cultural context and gender roles. During the third round, all participants exhibited full understanding of the Korean-language instrument. The translated instrument, its quality enriched by cross-cultural linguistic validation in combination with CI, can be effectively used to assess perceived physical and mental fatigability. Use of the Pittsburgh Fatigability Scale can facilitate oncology nurses' assessment of perceived fatigue levels in cancer patients and can expand understanding of how patients' fatigue perceptions are related to their exercise capacity. This study is valuable as an example of how a multi-stage CI process can be effectively applied in cross-cultural oncology research.

Six-Minute Walk as a Measure of Walking Capacity and Endurance in Patients With Pediatric-Onset Multiple Sclerosis.

Despite low levels of disability, youth with pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (POMS) engage in less physical activity compared with peers. The contribution of walking capacity, endurance, behavior, and MS comorbidities remains relatively undefined and may provide valuable insights into the limitations toward physical activity in youth with MS. The primary objective of this study was to investigate differences in walking capacity, endurance, and real-world behaviors of daily activity between youth with POMS and controls. Youth diagnosed with MS prior to 18 years and aged 21 years or younger were recruited in addition to healthy controls. Participants completed questionnaires to quantify fatigue, depression, and physical activity levels and the timed 2- and 6-minute walk (6MW) as an assessment of walking capacity and endurance. Participants completed questionnaires to quantify fatigue, depression, and physical activity levels. Participants also completed the timed 2- and 6-minute walk (6MW) as an assessment of walking capacity and endurance and were sent home with a waist-worn accelerometer to assess real-world walking behavior. Forty-five patients with POMS and 85 control participants were enrolled. The POMS cohort had a mean age of 16.9 ± 2.7 years, with a mean disease duration of 2.8 ± 2.6 years. A greater proportion of the POMS cohort was overweight/obese compared with controls (75% vs 33%). Participants with MS walked a significantly shorter distance in 6 minutes compared with controls (1,848 feet vs 2,134 feet, p < 0.0001) and, unlike controls, were unable to accelerate to their peak speed at the end of the 6MW. Body mass index category and MS disease significantly affected 6MW performance. Using continuous accelerometry, participants with MS spent less time in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity compared with controls (20.4 vs 35.4 min/d, p = 0.0003). The POMS cohort reported significantly higher levels of depression and fatigue but self-reported similar levels of daily physical activity as controls. Youth with POMS exhibit slower 6MW performance and less daily engagement in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, suggesting limitations in functional walking capacity, endurance, and daily activity behavior. Limitations in walking endurance and capacity are most prominent in those youth who are overweight/obese and living with MS. This study provides Class III evidence that, compared with healthy controls, patients with POMS walk shorter distances on the 6MW test, are less able to accelerate to peak speed at the end of the test, and are less physically active.

Work ability and physical activity after major bone sarcoma resection and reconstruction with tumour prosthesis of the lower extremities. A cross-sectional study

Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate work ability, activity limitations and physical activity in adults that had gone through major bone sarcoma resection and reconstruction surgery in hip and knee. Materials and methods Twenty patients, of 72 enrolled, and 20 controls were included in this cross-sectional study. Work Ability Index scores (general [0–10 points], physical and mental [1–5 points]), the Patient Specific Functional Scale (0–10 points), step counts and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) were assessed. Adjusted and unadjusted general linear models were applied. Results The patients had a mean age of 43 (range, 20–71) years and were assessed 7 years (range, 2–12) after surgery (proximal femoral n = 9, distal femoral n = 7, proximal tibia n = 4). Compared with controls, patients had lower general work ability (mean difference [95%CI], −1.3 points [−2.1, −0.5]) and work ability in relation to physical demands at work (−1.4 points [−2.0, −0.8]). The patients reported higher severities of activity limitation (−6.7 points [−7.9, −5.4]). There were no between-group differences in step counts or IPAQ-scores. Conclusion Despite similar levels of physical activity, patients showed poorer work ability and severe activity limitation. Post-operative rehabilitation in patients of the working-age population should include assessments of work ability and activities important to the individual. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION Adults that have gone through resection and reconstruction surgery following bone sarcoma in lower extremity show clinically relevant reductions in work ability and self-selected activities To tailor post-operative rehabilitation at short and long term, initial assessment and monitoring should include work ability and activities important to the individual patient.