Similar Intentions Research Articles

How tightly are production and comprehension interwoven?

How tightly are production and comprehension interwoven?

Allied Film Makers: Crime, Comedy and Social Concern

Allied Film Makers (AFM) was the second of two cooperative ventures established in 1959 which heralded a new model for independent production in Britain. Bryanston Films was set up in April and AFM in November. Both cooperatives had similar intentions: firstly to allow independent producers to exercise more creative control over their work, and secondly to seek a more reliable way of financing their films. Whereas Bryanston produced twenty feature films, AFM yielded only six: The League of Gentlemen (1960), Man in the Moon (1960), Whistle Down the Wind (1961), Victim (1961), Life for Ruth (1962) and Seance on a Wet Afternoon (1964). With the exception of Medhurst (1996), Dyer (1977) and Durgnat (1997) on Victim and O’Sullivan (1997) on The League of Gentlemen there has been little scholarly attention accorded to AFM’s films. Neither has much consideration been given to the role that AFM filled in creating an environment in which its members were able to develop their talents with both financial support and the freedom in which to innovate. Moreover, despite the exploration of social concerns which link the six productions of AFM, they are yet to be considered as a collective body of work, a neglect which this article seeks to address. There were several reasons for the rise in independent production at the end of the 1950s. The emergence of the ‘New Wave’ in the cinema and the trend towards indigenous British films were conducive to the formation of small independent companies. The National Film Finance Corporation (NFFC), founded in October 1948

Are Teleworkers Less Likely to Report Leave Intentions in the United States Federal Government Than Non-teleworkers Are?

Teleworking is the most common alternative work schedule used in public organizations. Despite the adoption of teleworking in government agencies, no studies were found that empirically examined the effect it has on retention in these agencies. This article therefore extends the literature by examining the impact of teleworking on turnover intentions in U.S. federal agencies. In so doing, the findings suggest that teleworking did not exact a social exchange in public agencies. That is, teleworkers and nonteleworkers reported similar intentions to quit implying that telecommuting should not be used by managers and organizations “solely” to reduce the turnover of government employees. Furthermore, an examination of each of the teleworking and nonteleworking arrangements revealed that government workers were more likely to report a leave intention when they were denied the opportunity to telecommute. As a result, this finding validates the social denial hypothesis. The managerial and theoretical implications of these findings are thoroughly discussed in the article.

A Critique of Novellino's “Six Steps for the First Interview”

This critique points out that the six steps that Novellino (2011) presents in his article are not unique to a psychoanalytic transactional analysis. Most clinical transactional analysts have similar intentions in the initial interview, even though they might use different language to describe what they are doing. Furthermore, the author suggests that the dichotomy Novellino presents between cognitive-behavioral transactional analysis and psychodynamic transactional analysis is a false one in the clinical field, especially with regard to redecision therapy.

The complexities and challenges of regional education hubs: focus on Malaysia

The race to establish regional education hubs is a recent development in cross-border higher education. This article briefly examines the rationales and strategies used by three countries in the Middle East and three in South East Asia which are working towards positioning themselves as regional education hubs. The different approaches and purposes among the six countries highlight the need for a typology of education hubs. Three types are proposed: the student hub, the training and skilled workforce hub, and the knowledge/innovation hub. The final section of the paper takes a closer look at Malaysia’s cross-border education initiatives and its actions to establish itself as a competitive education hub in a region where Singapore and Hong Kong have similar intentions. Whether Malaysia has the ability to make a quantum leap from being a student hub to becoming a knowledge/innovation hub remains to be seen and appears to be an optimistic outlook.

Segmenting customers in online stores based on factors that affect the customer’s intention to purchase

This study has proposed an approach that enables online stores to offer customized marketing by segmenting their customers based on customers’ psychographic data. Online stores can concentrate on more profitable activities by identifying customers’ value as they segment their customers into a few groups of customers with similar intentions to purchase. To segment online customers, based on previous research that explains the behavior of online customers regarding purchasing, the approach has employed the factors that affect the customers’ intention to purchase on the Web. We integrated the clustering results of SOM (self-organized map) and the k-means algorithm into a single model. Online stores can develop promotional marketing and offer personalized service for e-customers, who are more valuable and more promising, according to the market segments presented by our approach.

High Pregnancy Intentions and Missed Opportunities for Patient–Provider Communication About Fertility in a South African Cohort of HIV-Positive Women on Antiretroviral Therapy

High fertility intentions amongst HIV-positive women have been reported elsewhere. Less is known about how clinical and HIV treatment characteristics correlate with fertility intentions. We use cross-sectional baseline data from a prospective cohort study to assess pregnancy intentions and patient-provider communication around fertility. Non-pregnant, HIV-positive women aged 18-35 on ART were recruited through convenience sampling at Johannesburg antiretroviral (ART) treatment facilities. Among the 850 women in this analysis, those on efavirenz had similar fertility intentions over the next year as women on nevirapine-based regimens (33% vs. 38%). In multivariate analysis, recent ART initiation was associated with higher current fertility intentions; there was no association with CD4 cell count. Forty-one percent of women had communicated with providers about future pregnancy options. Women on ART may choose to conceive at times that are sub-optimal for maternal, child and partner health outcomes and should be routinely counseled around safer pregnancy options.

Institutional, Industry and Power Effects on Integration in Cross-border Acquisitions

Drawing on comparative institutional theory, this paper examines post-acquisition integration in international acquisitions, which has seldom been examined through this perspective. Based on a longitudinal and comparative study of three blue-chip French acquirers in the UK that shared similar integration intentions but realized those to varying degrees, this paper theorizes this variation in integration outcomes as a dynamic interplay of institutional distance, market structure and power dependencies. Whilst all important, those effects do not equally explain integration outcomes and can only be understood in conjunction with one another. Thus, contrary to a core assumption of institutional theory that institutional distance is consistently a dominant influence on multinational firms’ behaviour, the study shows that its effect is varied. It will only become extremely constraining when the market structure is highly localized, and both dynamics combine to make the acquirer largely dependent on the target firm. The study’s first contribution is to provide a fuller conceptual understanding of post-acquisition integration. Secondly, it introduces the role of market structure into a politico-institutional framework and, thirdly, it demonstrates complex relationships among three effects located at multiple levels. The results have important implications for the debate about environmental determinism vs multinationals’ agency at host-country level.

Early breastfeeding outcomes in gestational diabetic primiparas delivering term infants

By definition, gestational diabetes resolves after childbirth, but associations with establishing breastfeeding (BF) have not been documented. We recently reported the prevalence of early lactation difficulties among a cohort of 431 first‐time mothers delivering healthy term infants and initiating BF. Our objective here is to compare the prevalence of delayed onset of lactogenesis (delayed OL, defined as maternal perception of onset after 72 h) and other early BF outcomes between cohort participants with gestational diabetes (GD, n=27) and those without gestational, type 1 or type 2 diabetes (NoD, n=397). GD women were more likely to be obese (P=.007), but were similar in prenatal BF intentions and delivered infants of similar birth weight. In the first 24 h, GD infants (vs. NoD) were less likely to “breastfeed well” at least twice (69% vs. 88%, P=.007) and more likely to be given > 60 mL formula (15% vs. 6%, P=.08). The prevalence of delayed OL (GD vs. NoD) was 63% vs. 43% overall (P=.04) and 64% (7 of 11) vs. 36% (99 of 262) in the non‐obese subset, P=.08. By 72 h, 54% of GD infants (vs. 26% of NoD) received > 60 mL formula (P=.003). GD infants continued to be significantly more likely to receive formula at 3–7 (78% vs. 45%, P=.001) and 8–14 (59% vs. 31%, P=.007) days of age, despite similar maternal BF intentions. GD mothers are at risk for early lactation difficulties and should routinely be provided with professional BF support.

Effects of information, education, and communication training about organ donation for gatekeepers: clerks at the Department of Motor Vehicles and organ donor registries

Clerks at the Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) serve as gatekeepers in the quest to fill organ donor registries. Most people who join organ donor registries do so through their local driver's license bureau. To improve knowledge, attitudes, and behavior toward organ donation among DMV clerks, and to improve strategies for communicating with the public about organ donation, resulting in more people joining DMV-based organ donor registries. DMV offices in 8 counties in a southern state. A general survey of 1504 participants in 8 counties was conducted to assess knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors toward organ donation. All 76 DMV clerks in those counties participated in surveys before and after a training intervention. DMV clerks received a 1-hour training intervention focused on the nature of the new organ donor registry, information about organ donation, and communication strategies for interacting with the public. Knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, behaviors, and behavioral intentions toward organ donation were measured for the general public survey and for DMV clerks. Clerks were more knowledgeable about brain death and religious stances on organ donation than the general public, but otherwise both groups shared similar knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, behaviors, and behavioral intentions toward organ donation. Overall the general public and clerks had favorable attitudes toward organ donation but low to moderate knowledge, beliefs, and behaviors and behavioral intentions. Training significantly increased DMV clerks' knowledge, attitude, beliefs, and behavioral intention toward donation. Organ donor registration rates were a mean of 14% higher in counties where clerks were trained than in control counties and were 9% higher than statewide. Training DMV clerks is an effective way to increase knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs for gatekeepers of organ donor registries and may increase donor registration rates among the public.

To Provide or Not to Provide Treatment? That is the Question

It is generally accepted that whether or not a client receives occupational therapy should be based on the client's needs not on the therapist that the client sees. However, in the United Kingdom there is little evidence to show that treatment provision is similar between therapists or even that therapists share a common rationale for providing treatment. This research investigated paediatric occupational therapists' beliefs about and intentions to provide treatment for children with coordination difficulties. Ten paediatric occupational therapists were recruited from two National Health Service Scotland Health Boards. The data were collected at one time point. Intentions and beliefs about treatment provision were explored and measured both at general and at case (situation-specific) levels. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected concurrently. Statistical and thematic approaches to analysis were applied. The findings showed that the therapists shared similar general intentions and beliefs about providing treatment. However, the situation-specific intentions to provide treatment varied considerably between the therapists. The situation-specific intentions were characterised by consideration of the client's individual circumstances and a variation in the interpretations made about the information available. The beliefs that possibly contributed to the variation in the situation-specific intentions were also identified. This research informs the occupational therapy profession about issues related to the expectation that treatment provision is similar between therapists.

Effects of Information, Education, and Communication Training about Organ Donation for Gatekeepers: Clerks at the Department of Motor Vehicles and Organ Donor Registries

Clerks at the Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) serve as gatekeepers in the quest to fill organ donor registries. Most people who join organ donor registries do so through their local driver's license bureau. To improve knowledge, attitudes, and behavior toward organ donation among DMV clerks, and to improve strategies for communicating with the public about organ donation, resulting in more people joining DMV-based organ donor registries. DMV offices in 8 counties in a southern state. A general survey of 1504 participants in 8 counties was conducted to assess knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors toward organ donation. All 76 DMV clerks in those counties participated in surveys before and after a training intervention. DMV clerks received a 1-hour training intervention focused on the nature of the new organ donor registry, information about organ donation, and communication strategies for interacting with the public. Knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, behaviors, and behavioral intentions toward organ donation were measured for the general public survey and for DMV clerks. Clerks were more knowledgeable about brain death and religious stances on organ donation than the general public, but otherwise both groups shared similar knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, behaviors, and behavioral intentions toward organ donation. Overall the general public and clerks had favorable attitudes toward organ donation but low to moderate knowledge, beliefs, and behaviors and behavioral intentions. Training significantly increased DMV clerks' knowledge, attitude, beliefs, and behavioral intention toward donation. Organ donor registration rates were a mean of 14% higher in counties where clerks were trained than in control counties and were 9% higher than statewide. Training DMV clerks is an effective way to increase knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs for gatekeepers of organ donor registries and may increase donor registration rates among the public.

Clinical Research Training: Scientific Literacy for the Twenty-First Century

Clinical Research Training: Scientific Literacy for the Twenty-First Century

The effect of gender stereotype activation on entrepreneurial intentions.

In this study, the impact of implicit and explicit activation of gender stereotypes on men's and women's intentions to pursue a traditionally masculine career, such as entrepreneurship, was examined. On the basis of stereotype activation theory, it was hypothesized that men and women would confirm the gender stereotype about entrepreneurship when it was presented implicitly but disconfirm it when it was presented explicitly. Hypotheses were tested by randomly assigning 469 business students to one of 6 experimental conditions and then measuring their entrepreneurial intentions. Results supported the hypothesis when entrepreneurship was associated with stereotypically masculine characteristics but not when it was associated with traditionally feminine characteristics. Men also had higher entrepreneurial intention scores compared with women when no stereotypical information about entrepreneurship was presented, suggesting that underlying societal stereotypes associating entrepreneurship with masculine characteristics may influence people's intentions. However, men and women reported similar intentions when entrepreneurship was presented as gender neutral, suggesting that widely held gender stereotypes can be nullified. Practical implications and directions for future research are discussed.

An overview of cytokine interactions in atherosclerosis and implications for peripheral arterial disease

Over the last three decades, a surge in research into the inflammatory pathophysiology of atherosclerosis has highlighted an array of cytokines and other inflammatory mediators associated with underlying inflammatory burden. The ability to identify and simultaneously measure multiple cytokines in peripheral blood highlights their potential as biomarkers of atherosclerosis. This has prompted much research in vascular medicine to identify the ;at-risk' groups for atherostenotic or atheroaneurysmal disease. This review is compiled with similar intentions and aims to discern the relevant evidence for cytokine profiling in peripheral arterial disease (PAD), where such information is lacking, while providing a holistic overview of cytokine interactions in atherosclerosis. This is pertinent given that cytokine profiles from coronary artery disease and aortic aneurysm studies cannot be directly extrapolated to PAD due to differences in inflammatory environments that exist in these conditions. Whilst plaque morphology and blood rheology play an important role in the cardiac manifestations of atherosclerosis, tissue thrombogenecity is very important in PAD. Further, cytokines act in concert rather than in isolation in a disease process, and no single cytokine in a cross-sectional model is able to serve as an absolute screening marker. Thus, it is essential to understand the regulation of cytokine production in atherosclerosis prior to evaluating the viability and merits of a multimarker approach for clinical risk stratification in PAD.

Entry-Level PharmD Degree Programs in Canada: Some Facts and Stakeholder Opinions

The face of pharmacy education in Canada is about to change radically with the initiation of the first entry-level PharmD (ELPD) degree program in the country. The University of Montreal is planning to replace its 4-year baccalaureate degree program in pharmacy with a 4-year ELPD degree program as its sole professional practice degree for pharmacy, starting as early as fall 2007. Laval University has announced similar intentions and expects to initiate a program as early as 2008. The Universities of Toronto, Alberta, and British Columbia are reported to have ELPD degree programs under consideration, while the remaining 4 faculties of pharmacy across Canada appear to have no immediate plans for conversion. As we move toward a potential nation-wide modification of our entry-to-licensure requirement, a summary of existing programs in Canada and the United States, a preview of some of the characteristics of the University of Montreal's ELPD degree program, and some stakeholder opinions about the merits of such a curriculum conversion are warranted.

"To Forget and Forgive": Reconstructing the Nation in the Post-Civil War Classroom

In John Bonner's A Child's History of the United States, published in 1866, schoolchildren read about the brave actions freedmen took on behalf of the Union cause. They read, for instance, about a "black man, Tillman, a steward on board a [Union] vessel seized by a rebel privateer, and left on board of her with the prize crew, [who] rose one dark night, . . . and killed the prize captain and mate with an axe, and brought the vessel safely to the port of New York." Students were also introduced to a freedwoman washing the floors at a Union hospital who saved the life of a wounded and sick Union soldier whom doctors insisted was going to die. After days and weeks of caring for him "carefully and tenderly," feeding him with a spoon "as though he had been a baby," and sleeping on the floor while the sick soldier occupied her bed, the woman "had the pleasure of seeing her soldier completely restored to health." These and other events, Bonner explained, "dispel[led] the prejudice" against freedmen and opened the door for freedmen to serve as soldiers. Stories of brave freedmen and women convinced wartime Americans, and presumably Bonner's young readers, that "there was something manly in the negroes after all."1 [End Page 282] Written in the heady days after Appomattox, Bonner's classroom history was similar to many texts written in the North before and immediately after the American Civil War. In the midst of heated political battles about the Mexican War and slavery's expansion, slavery played a central role in classroom histories of the nation. Texts sought to establish an emancipationist legacy for the nation, and Bonner's history celebrated the realization of this legacy in the wartime enlistment of black soldiers. Samuel Goodrich had similar intentions in his Pictorial History of the United States. A picture portraying the arrival of the first slaves to Virginia in 1619 is included in the 1846 edition (fig. 1). The accompanying text describes the slave trade and the emancipationist energy that followed the Revolutionary war and suggests that resistance to slavery grew in proportion to the extension of the trade. Recognizing slavery's central role in the narrative of American history, Goodrich wanted young schoolchildren to remember their ancestors who worked to end slavery and to block colonization schemes to send freedmen back to Africa.2 But whereas the images and stories of individual slaves—and Northern abolitionists—grace the pages of antebellum Northern texts and texts written in the first decade after the war, slaves and slavery are conspicuously absent from later classroom histories. Indeed, the image of the first slaves arriving in the colonies was unceremoniously removed from the 1877 edition of Goodrich's Pictorial. Later editions of the text eliminated slavery altogether, an editorial decision that gave Goodrich the space to add glowing predictions for the nation's future rather than burdening his history text with the weight of the nation's slave past. In the 1877 edition of Pictorial, all images of slaves and slavery were gone, and Goodrich applauded national reconciliation efforts, because "the time had come to bury the past [for] both North and South were ready to forget and forgive."3 In the thirty-one years between editions of Goodrich's popular school history, Americans on the battlefield and on the home front argued about the end of slavery and the meaning of American nationalism. Wartime government policies such as emancipation and freedmen's civil rights, the wartime draft, and the income tax extended the scope and the powers of the federal government, permanently redefining the relationship between the individual citizen and the nation. The postwar nation that emerged held great possibilities for freedmen. Congress considered legislation requiring [End Page 283] Click for larger view Figure 1 [End Page 284] federal monitoring of elections and a generous aid to education bill...

Die Reden Präsident Putins und Bundeskanzler Schröders auf dem Millenniumsgipfel der Vereinten Nationen: Eine kontrastive Analyse

This following article is a contribution to the contrastive analysis of Russian and German parallel texts, based on two political speeches, delivered by President V. Putin and Federal Chancellor G. Schroder to the United Nations Millenium Summit. The study demonstrates similarities and differencies between these texts, which are instances of a specific text-type, produced by members of two different speech communities during a unique communication situation, with an identical subject and similar intentions.

La Lumere as Lais by Pierre D'Abernon of Fetcham (review)

Reviews 243 to engage the relationships between the orality of action and the literacy ofrecord in medieval society and also a misleading statement of focus in the title seriously detractfromits value. John H. Pryor Centrefor Medieval Studies University of Sydney Hesketh, Glynn, ed., La Lumere as Lais by Pierre D Abernon ofFetcham, Vol. Ill (Anglo-Norman Texts 58), London, Anglo-Norman Text Society, 2000; cloth; pp. vii, 218; R R P £30; ISBN 0905474392. La lumere as Ms, a thirteenth-century Anglo-Norman text known to specialist as a kind of theological encyclopaedia loosely based on the Elucidarium of Honorius of Autun, is one of three texts attributed to Pierre d'Abernon of Fetcham, alias Pierre de Peckham, described in 1950 by M . Dominica Legge as 'one ofthe most well-meaning but stupendously dull writers in Anglo-Norman'. Pierre's other two texts (Le Secre de Secrez and La Vie seint Richard evesque de Cycestre) have both been published in the A N T S series, in 1944 and 1995 respectively. Volumes I and II, containing the complete text of the Lumere as Lais, were published in 1996 and 1998. The Lumere is a sort of lamp for the laity, cast in the form of a scholastic catechism. The text is structured as a series of comments made and questions posed by a pupil, designated in the text as [D], to a master [M] who replies and illustrates. Please refer to m y review of Volume II (Parergon, vol. 17, no. 2, 2000, 252-54) for a more detailed discussion of Professor Hesketh's text of the Lumere. Volume IH, which appeared in 2000, gives Hesketh's introduction, notes, glossary and indexes, to facilitate scholars' consultation ofthis mysterious AngloNorman writer's work. In a brief 'Preface', Professors Rothwell and Short are thanked for their guidance to the editor. The evidence on the 'Author and Date' of the Lumere is then summarised, without the continuing uncertainties surrounding the author's double identity (Peter d'Abernon of Fetcham/Peter of Peckham) being much elucidated, although a terminus ad quern of 1267 is established for the date of composition. A valuable section on the background of the Lumere then sets our text in its proper context with important influences highlighted. Concerning the 244 Reviews content of the work, Hesketh emphasises the importance as a background to the Lumere of those edicts of the fourth Lateran Council (1215-16) related to the examination of ordinands and the regular instruction of parishioners in the vernacular. Other Anglo-Norman instructional manuals composed with similar intentions, such as the Mirour de Seinte Eglyse, the Chasteau d'Amour and the Manuel des Peches, are mentioned and shown in relationship with the Lumere. Concerning the form of our text, the editor establishes that the Lumere partakes of elements of the two principal teaching methods of the European universities in the Middle Ages, namely the lecture and the disputation. The Lumere as Lais is shown to be part of the encyclopaedic Aristotelian movement of the 13th century, mention being made by Hesketh ofits larger Latin analogues, Vincent of Beauvais's Specula, for example, or the works of Thomas de Cantimpre and Bartholomaeus Anglicus. In the section on sources, w e learn that the Elucidarium is followed fairly closely for thefirstbook ofthe Lumere and a little ofthe second, but then is abandoned in favour of the much larger work ofPeter the Lombard's Sentences. The editor suggests other texts Peter may have used as sources, although there is quite a large section ofthe Lumere whose sources have not been definitively identified. Whilst further research may well discover other sources, Hasketh puts forward tentatively that Peter may even have been the author for certain sections of 'sermonising' material, marked by very concrete and worldly subject matter. There are clues in the text, cited by Hasketh, which do in fact strongly suggest that Peter is claiming authorship of certain material. The necessarily highly technical and precise section on the recension and description ofmanuscripts is most competently done by our editor, and his 'Editorial Practice' is equally clearly and concisely described. The introductory remarks are concluded with a long section on language, subdivided into...

Job satisfaction and workplace characteristics of primary and specialty care physicians at a bimodal medical school.

A few medical schools are highly successful in obtaining research funding and producing primary care physicians. The authors compared the job satisfaction of primary and specialty care faculty at one of these bimodal schools. In 1998, all full-time physician-faculty (n = 408) in 15 clinical departments at the University of Iowa College of Medicine (a bimodal medical school) were sent a questionnaire based on the Price-Mueller model of job satisfaction. Faculty rated their global job satisfaction and perceptions about 18 workplace characteristics, stressors, and supports. Responses of primary and specialty care physicians were compared in these domains. A total of 71% of surveyed faculty (n = 341) returned usable questionnaires. Primary and specialty care faculty reported similar levels of job satisfaction (p =.20), and similar percentages (51% versus 54%, p =.63) reported overall satisfaction with their jobs at the medical school. However, primary care faculty perceived less opportunity to advance (p <.01), greater professional-role ambiguity (p =.02), less collegiality (p =.02), and less ability to make full use of their clinical skills (p =.01). Primary and specialty care faculty reported similar intentions of leaving the medical school within the coming year (p =.41). Primary and specialty care physicians at one bimodal medical school reported similar levels of job satisfaction. However, the primary care physicians rated several important job-related domains lower than did their specialty care colleagues, most notably the opportunity to advance within the medical school.