Sim Software Research Articles

Penerapan Pola Peran Optimalisasi Pengelolaan Administrasi Desa Melalui Sistem Informasi Manajemen

This service aims to implement a Management Information System (SIM) to improve the efficiency of village administration management, accelerate public services, and increase transparency in Sei Mencirim Village. This program also aims to improve the digital literacy of village officials to be able to utilize technology in managing village administration. This activity is carried out through socialization, technical training, and mentoring of village officials in using SIM. Socialization aims to provide a basic understanding of SIM, while technical training includes simulations of using SIM software and managing village administration data. The final stage is mentoring to ensure the SIM can operate optimally. The implementation of the SIM has improved the efficiency of village administration management, accelerated public services, and increased transparency of village budgets. The community felt the direct benefits in the form of faster document processing time, as well as increased transparency in budget use. Village officials can access and manage data in real-time, accelerating the decision-making process. The main challenges in implementing the SIM include limited technological infrastructure and low digital literacy of village officials. However, the training provided has improved the ability of village officials to manage administration better. The program is also credited with reducing administrative errors that are common in manual systems. However, strengthening the infrastructure and increasing the capacity of village officials are needed to optimize the operation of the SIM. The implementation of SIM in Sei Mencirim Village has brought positive impacts in the form of increased administrative efficiency and public services. Although there are still challenges such as limited infrastructure and digital literacy, this program can be used as a model for implementing technology in other villages. With the support of the local government, this program is expected to improve community welfare and encourage transparency in village management.

Evaluation of hydrometallurgical black mass recycling with simulation-based life cycle assessment

PurposeThe recycling of lithium-ion batteries is an emerging field faced with the challenge of recovering more than the most valuable elements from the batteries. While the literature presents many innovative approaches to the problem, an overview of the technical and environmental prospects of hydrometallurgical black mass recycling remains crucial. The goal was to analyze the impacts of a black mass process flowsheet and suggest ways to further reduce the impacts of battery recycling.MethodsThe flowsheet was drafted from the literature by combining both state-of-the-art and experimentally demonstrated unit processes by starting with the leaching system, where reductive leaching is performed using only the copper and iron impurities already present in the black mass. The process targeted copper, manganese, cobalt, nickel, and lithium recovery, and three scenarios for manganese recovery were investigated. The flowsheet was simulated using HSC Sim software, and the mass and energy balances were adapted into internally consistent life cycle inventories. The scope was “gate-to-gate” in Europe and CML methodology was used for impact assessment.Results and discussionAssuming that mechanical pre-treatment carries more environmental benefits than burdens, the results indicated that hydrometallurgical black mass recycling had a tentatively lower environmental footprint compared to virgin raw materials in all impact categories except ozone depletion, the results indicated that hydrometallurgical black mass recycling had a tentatively lower environmental footprint compared to virgin raw materials in all impact categories except ozone depletion. Sulfuric acid and neutralizing chemicals were among the most significant contributors to the impacts, and therefore further analysis was conducted based on an experimental study on low acid leaching with a low (< 0.5 M) initial sulfuric acid concentration instead of the baseline 2 M. This reduced the impacts by approximately 30–40% in all categories by decreasing downstream chemical consumption, and more significantly decreased ozone depletion. The challenges and opportunities for further process improvement were also considered.ConclusionsThe study highlights the importance of process optimization to improve the environmental sustainability of battery chemical production, but also revealed critical research gaps in the experimental literature. Rather than focusing on a single unit process, experimental black mass recycling research should aim at finding solutions that are optimal for the up- and downstream units, such as minimization of aluminum in the black mass and acid consumption.

An efficient reconfigurable FIR filter design with coefficient optimization using a modified bacterial foraging optimization algorithm

ABSTRACT The digital filters play a significant role in the field of digital signal processing (DSP). The finite impulse response (FIR) filter is an attractive choice because of the ease of design and good stability. The digital filters have a wide variety of applications such as signal processing, control systems, telecommunication, etc. They are better than the analogue filters due to their performance. In recent times, software radios have achieved attention owing to requirements for integrated and reconfigurable communication systems. Hence, reconfigurations have emerged as a significant problem in the designs of FIRs. To match the frequencies of DSP applications, higher-order FIRs are required. If length of filters rises, addition and multiplication operations also increase. This paper proposes an efficient hardware design of RFIR that employs modified bacterial foraging optimizations (MBFOs) and common sub-expression eliminations (CSEs) in its executions. MBFOs output restricted counts of filter coefficients with sums of signed-power-of-two (SPT) terms while maintaining the quality of filtered responses. On obtaining coefficients, eliminations are executed by CSEs where hardware complexities are determined in terms of adders. Model sim software validated RFIRs using the Verilog code. The proposed design of RFIRs was compared with existing designs in terms of power usages, frequencies and areas.

Simulation and Experimental Study of Nonlinear Characteristics for Multi-mode Driving of Intelligent Vehicles

To study the nonlinear characteristics simulation and experiment of multimode driving of intelligent vehicle, an improved neural network PID controller is proposed to realize the safe and active braking requirements of cruise vehicles, according to the study of vehicle dynamics of different active braking forms and the joint simulation of road condition, driving condition, and braking mechanical structure. On the basis of the current research, the four-layer neural network combined with PID control is proposed in this paper, which can better control the braking compared with the traditional PID controller and BP neural network, safety, efficiency and stability have been improved in the following cars. According to the animation simulation demonstration of CAR SIM software, it can be determined that the improved neural network PID controller in the mechanical system can realize the safety and active braking requirements of cruise vehicle, and it is more accurate and efficient than the traditional BP neural network PID controller. Relevant parameters of the existing millimeter-wave radars are set by the radar sensors, and the long-distance horizontal detection range is plus or minus 10 degrees. The radar is installed on the longitudinal axis of the front bumper and has a height of 442[Formula: see text]mm. According to Car SIM’s preset radar sensor module parameters, the sensors can independently collect and transmit relevant data, it is also possible to cooperate with other sensors for the same variable parameter to increase the accuracy and avoid abnormal errors caused by the failure of a certain sensor. Compared with the traditional PID controller and BP neural network, the combination of four-layer neural network and PID control can carry out better braking control and improve the safety, efficiency, and stability of the following cars.

Study on Phase Transition and Gas Deviation Coefficient of Natural Gas with High Carbon Dioxide Content

It is the basic research subject that analyzes and calculate the law and numerical value of phase change and gas deviation coefficient of natural gas with high-CO2 content in the process of safe and effective development of gas reservoirs, which is obtained by high-pressure physical properties PVT (Pressure-Volume-Temperature) experiments and different calculation methods calculations. Aiming at natural gas with high-CO2 content in the Dongfang gas field, the phase change characteristics and physical parameters of different PVT samples are simulated and tested by Chandler 3000-GL analyzer and PVT SIM software. The experimental data shows that the phase state of natural gas with different content of CO2 has not changed in the study range. At the same time, the deviation coefficient calculated by different calculation methods (DPR, DAK, BB, HY, Gopal) are compared with the experimental data, and the applicable scope of different calculation methods are obtained. The results show that the improved Gopal has high accuracy and is suitable for the calculation of the deviation coefficient of natural gas with high-CO2 content under high temperature and high pressure in the Dongfang gas field.

High Gain Transformer-less DC/AC Inverter for PV System

Investigation interests on many scientific aspects of photovoltaic (PV) trans-former-less inverter system has improved over the past decade. Using step-up transformer or high frequency transformer in electrical system has made the entire system expensive and voluminous. There is alternative topology to replace the transformer by implementing DC/DC quadratic boost converter to expand the voltage from 12VDC to 325VDC from the photovoltaic (PV) solar and convert it to AC applying H-bridge inverter circuit. This method will replace the conventional method of bulky transformer into a lighter converter with the same performance. The circuit is simulated using Power Sim (PSIM) software to initiate the design and study the circuit capability. The experimental result will project the exact voltage in the range of 230VACrms . The harmonic profile of the inverter is studies and compared with the normal inverter configuration.

New polarization and power calculations with error elimination in ternary QCA

Quantum cellular automata (QCA) is a promising technology for replacing MOS transistors in digital and computing systems. Recently, many efforts have been made to design complex structures using Binary QCA (bQCA) cells, researchers’ attention has been drawn to multilevel structures using QCA technology, and Ternary QCA (TQCA) cells have been introduced. Many researchers have studied the structure of the TQCA cell, and several models have been proposed to design the AND and OR gates. This paper investigated the polarization in TQCA using two electron particles and eight potential wells. The distance between wells and the cell wall was also changed, and the error in the AND and OR gates was eliminated by using TQCA in one phase clock. In the following calculations, the power dissipation of TQCA cells in different polarizations and the upgrade of TQCA Sim software to implement basic gates using the performed calculations have been investigated.

Life cycle assessment and process simulation of prospective battery-grade cobalt sulfate production from Co-Au ores in Finland

PurposeThe soaring demand for cobalt for lithium-ion batteries has increased interest in the utilization of non-conventional cobalt sources. Such raw materials include complex ores containing minerals such as cobaltite and skutterudite, which, while rare, occur around the world, including in Finland, Canada, and the USA. The goal of this study was to evaluate the cradle-to-gate impacts of cobalt sulfate recovery from unutilized cobalt- and gold-bearing ores with the use of process simulation.MethodsA literature analysis was conducted to establish the state-of-the-art processing methods for complex cobalt ores containing significant amounts of gold. The drafted process was simulated using HSC Sim software to obtain a mass and energy balance, which was compiled into a life cycle inventory (LCI). The environmental impact categories (global warming, acidification, eutrophication, ozone depletion, photochemical smog creation, water use) were calculated in GaBi software. Uncertainty regarding the possible future raw material composition was studied, and the simulation was used to investigate process performance and to evaluate the effect of variation in the process parameters on the environmental impact indicators.Results and discussionThe results indicated that the main cobalt mineral type (cobaltite, linnaeite) had only minor effects on the evaluated impact categories. With cobaltite-dominated ores (High As case), the global warming potential (GWP) was estimated to be 20.9 kg CO2-eq, of which 12.7 kg CO2-eq was attributed to the hydrometallurgical process. With linnaeite-dominated ores, the equivalent values were 20.4 kg CO2-eq and 11.0 kg CO2-eq. The production of a high grade concentrate was observed to greatly decrease the impacts of the hydrometallurgical process, but the cobalt losses in the beneficiation stage and the mineral processing impacts would likely increase. The simulation showed that there is still potential to improve the cobalt recovery (to approximately 96%), which would also affect the indicator values.ConclusionsThe impacts were estimated prior to intensive metallurgical testing to determine the possible high impact areas in the process. Based on this, it is suggested that, during hydrometallurgical processing, improved treatment of cobalt-containing wash waters and the optimization of oxygen utilization efficiency in pressure leaching are the most significant ways to decrease the environmental impacts. Optimal solutions for the concentrate could be found when experimental data on the minerals processing steps becomes available.

Process simulation and gate-to-gate life cycle assessment of hydrometallurgical refractory gold concentrate processing

PurposeCurrently, almost all cyanide-free gold leaching processes are still in the development stage. Proactively investigating their environmental impacts prior to commercialization is of utmost importance. In this study, a detailed refractory gold concentrate process simulation with mass and energy balance was built for state-of-the-art technology with (i) pressure oxidation followed by cyanidation and, compared to alternative cyanide-free technology, with (ii) pressure oxidation followed by halogen leaching. Subsequently, the simulated mass balance was used as life cycle inventory data in order to evaluate the environmental impacts of the predominant cyanidation process and a cyanide-free alternative.MethodsThe environmental indicators for each scenario are based on the mass balance produced with HSC Sim steady-state simulation. The simulated mass balances were evaluated to identify the challenges in used technologies. The HSC Sim software is compatible with the GaBi LCA software, where LCI data from HSC-Sim is directly exported to. The simulation produces a consistent life cycle inventory (LCI). In GaBi LCA software, the environmental indicators of global warming potential (GWP), acidification potential (AP), terrestrial eutrophication potential (EP), and water depletion (Water) are estimated.Results and discussionThe life cycle assessment revealed that the GWP for cyanidation was 10.1 t CO2-e/kg Au, whereas the halogen process indicated a slightly higher GWP of 12.6 t CO2-e/kg Au. The difference is partially explained by the fact that the footprint is calculated against produced units of Au; total recovery by the halogen leaching route for gold was only 87.3%, whereas the cyanidation route could extract as much as 98.5% of gold. The addition of a second gold recovery unit to extract gold also from the washing water in the halogen process increased gold recovery up to 98.5%, decreasing the GWP of the halogen process to 11.5 t CO2-e/kg Au. However, both evaluated halogen processing scenarios indicated a slightly higher global warming potential when compared to the dominating cyanidation technology.ConclusionsThe estimated environmental impacts predict that the development-stage cyanide-free process still has some challenges compared to cyanidation; as in the investigated scenarios, the environmental impacts were generally higher for halogen leaching. Further process improvements, for example in the form of decreased moisture in the feed for halide leaching, and the adaptation of in situ gold recovery practices in chloride leaching may give the cyanide-free processing options a competitive edge.

Circulation of Sodium Sulfate Solution Produced During NiMH Battery Waste Processing

Hydrometallurgical recovery of rare earth elements (REE) from NiMH battery waste can be performed using sulfuric acid leaching followed by selective precipitation as double salt (REENa(SO4)2·H2O) by adding Na2SO4 as a precipitating agent. The formed double salts can then be further converted with NaOH solution to form REE hydroxides. However, present literature has paid little attention to how to minimize the consumption of reagents in this recovery process. In the current study, a process model was built using HSC Sim software, and metamodeling of the simulated flowsheet was conducted with the design of experiments (DOE), after which the basic functionality of the flowsheet was verified by experimental work, starting from sulfuric acid leaching of spent batteries. As the process is based on chemical circulation internally in the process, the objective was to investigate the accumulation of the elements in solution, specifically Na+, K+, SO42− ions and impurities liberated in the NaOH conversion step. It was found out that metamodeling could be utilized in obtaining first estimate of the process behavior, prior to any experiments. Flowsheet functionality with circulated solution was confirmed, obtaining at best 96.9% La recovery.

Bond Graph Analyses on the Hydraulic Drive System of S-DOF Swing Mechanism System

For the nonlinear modeling of a symmetrical servo valve synchronous controlling two differential asymmetric hydraulic cylinders in the S-DOF swing mechanism system, this paper establishes the bond graph model of the hydraulic system by the 20- sim software. The aim is to solve the problem that the transfer function or the state space equation can’t fully describe the non-linear and the implied properties of hydraulic servo system. The results of simulation show the bond graph model has the characteristics of convenient and intuitive, and can accurately describe the dynamic characteristic of the hydraulic system, which provides a useful help for the further analysis and design of the system.

Design and Fabrication of Automatic Glass Cutting Machine

This paper deals with the design and fabrication of the automatic glass or mirror cutting machine. In order to increase the accuracy of cut and production rate; and decrease the production time and accidents caused due to manual cutting of mirror or glass, this project aims at development of an automatic machine which uses a programmable logic controller (PLC) for controlling the movement of the conveyer and also to control the pneumatic circuit. In this machine, the work of the operator is to load and unload the mirror. The cutter used in this machine is carbide wheel with its cutting edge ground to a V-shaped profile. The PLC controls the pneumatic cylinder and intern actuates the cutter along the glass, a fracture layer is formed causing a mark to be formed below the fracture layer and a crack to be formed below the rib mark. The machine elements are designed using CATIA V5R20 and pneumatic circuit are designed using FESTO FLUID SIM software.

A novel active auxiliary circuit for efficiency enhancement integrated with synchronous buck converter

SummaryIn this paper, a novel auxiliary circuit is introduced for the synchronous buck converter. This auxiliary circuit provides zero‐current, zero‐voltage switching conditions for the main and synchronous switches while providing zero‐current condition for the auxiliary switch and diodes. The proposed active auxiliary circuit integrated with synchronous buck converter that emanates to zero‐voltage transition (ZVT)–zero‐current transition (ZCT) pulse width‐modulated (PWM) synchronous buck converter is analyzed, and its operating modes are presented. The additional voltage and current stresses on main, synchronous and auxiliary switches get decimated because of the resonance of the auxiliary circuit that acts for a small segment of time in the proposed converter. The important design feature of soft‐switching converters is the placement of resonant components that mollifies the switching and conduction losses. With the advent of ZVT–ZCT switching, there is an increase in the switching frequency that declines the resonant component values in the converters and also constricts the switching losses. The characteristics of the proposed converter are verified with the simulation in the Power Sim (PSIM) software co‐simulated with MATLAB/SIMULINK environment and implemented experimentally. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

Simulation and Analysis of Leg Length Discrepancy and it’s Effect on Muscles

Background/Objectives: Leg Length Discrepancy (LLD) after THA is the most common cause of patient’s dissatisfaction. Hence, this paper aims at determining magnitude of LLD which is bearable by any person. Methods/Statistical analysis: It includes simulation and analysis of human musculoskeletal models in Open Sim software for various hip muscles as these muscles are more affected after THA. Firstly, muscle force results from Open Sim are cross-checked and validated with an established muscle model. Then, models of different LLDs are obtained in Open Sim and results of muscle force are plotted on graphs for various hip movements like flexion/extension, adduction/abduction, etc. Findings: LLD bearing capacity for different body weights of the person is found in the range of 2.0-2.5 cm. It is found that more is the body weight of the person; smaller is the range of his/her LLD bearing capacity and vice-versa. Through literature survey, it is found that person can bear LLD from 10-50 mm to avoid major problems like lower back pain, muscle or ligament injury, nerve palsy, etc. Different researchers found different values of LLD to avoid same problem. So, this range is quite large to define LLD bearing capacity of a person. From this study, a concise range of LLD bearing capacity was found. Application/ Improvements: Surgeon can plan his/her preoperative planning and prosthesis design in such a way that LLD will not exceed a given range after THA.

Product-Centric Simulation-Based Design for Recycling: Case of LED Lamp Recycling

This paper will illustrate how a product-centric simulation approach to recycling is core to Design for Recycling (DfR) & Design for Resource Efficiency. This approach is underpinned by rigorous recycling rate calculations, building on the extensive expertise, knowhow and tools of classical minerals, and metallurgical processing. Process simulation and design tools such as the commercial HSC Sim software are applied to quantify critical DfR rules for a particular product as well as to quantify the recycling rates of all materials and elements in a product. The ten DfR rules we have developed for Waste Electric and Electronic Waste recycling in a study performed for NVMP/Wecycle (the Netherlands) are applied to light emitting diode (LED) lamps. The results produced include recycling and recovery rates, as well as recyclate qualities and quantities, and losses and emissions of materials during recycling for various LED lamp redesigns. Metallurgical processing is also briefly discussed, showing that, in many cases, element recoveries are reduced to zero due to product complexity and ppm levels in the products. Simulation models are linked to life cycle assessment (LCA) and exergy, demonstrating how the applied simulation basis provides the detail to innovate the system. In addition, rigorous environmental assessment is a further outcome of the approach, while at the same time revealing the development that has to occur in LCA databases to improve their value for Ecodesign.

Seismic vulnerability of box girder continuous bridges under spatially variable ground motions

In seismic design of extended multi-span bridges the question always arises whether using either natural or artificially generated earthquake records that are identical at all bridge supports is valid or not. It is likely that earthquake ground motion remarkably differs at the various support/pier locations in terms of amplitude, frequency content and arrival time, inducing under certain circumstances significant forces and deformations that would not develop if the assumption of synchronous excitation was adopted. This paper hence illustrates the impact of ground motion spatial variability on the seismic performance and vulnerability of extended continuous box girder bridges in both bridge orthogonal directions (longitudinal and transverse). For illustration purposes, a nine-span bridge with a total length of 430 m is adopted. Non-linear time history analyses are carried out using opensees software. The effects of the spatial variability in the ground motions at the different bridge supports are investigated using a set of 20 artificially simulated seismic ground motions generated using sim software developed in the mid-nineties, considering different degrees of loss in coherency and various soil types (i.e., frequency contents). Results of the non-linear time history analyses performed in an incremental dynamic analysis context are hence manipulated through a probabilistic analysis framework to generate fragility curves associated with various performance levels for the case study bridge. Fragility curves giving the conditional probability of exceeding various performance levels are then integrated with generated hazard curves defining the expected seismic hazard in Egypt. The outcome of this integration process results in values of mean annual frequency of exceeding pre-defined performance levels.

DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT AND SIMULATION OF LOW COST AUTOMATION FOR SPECIAL PURPOSE TURNING MACHINE

The project has been carried out at Rane Engine Valve Ltd. (REVL), Chennai. The main aim of the project is to design, development and simulation of Low Cost Automation (LCA) for Special Purpose Turning Machine, which is now a major area of research. The machine is a SPM and is useful for machining (undercut, turning head diameter, fillet, chamfering) operations of engine valves used in automobile industry. The objective is to reduce rejections and cost, maintain quality and to achieve high volume production. The methodology of design, development and simulation of Low Cost Automation for the twin spindle special purpose turning machine involves collection of data regarding pneumatic, electro pneumatic and low cost automation, enhanced concept design anddevelopment of various component of automation, electro pneumatic circuit design and simulation using Fluid SIM software. The design is based on LCA principles rather than pneumatic and PLC principles. A 3D model of the machine is also created using Pro-Esoftware to represent implemented components after the design and development process.

Commissioning a new CT simulator II: virtual simulation software

AbstractThis paper continues the discussion on the commissioning tests performed on a new GE Lightspeed RT wide-bore computed tomography (CT) scanner, focusing on the GE Advantage Sim software (version 6.0).The tests performed and phantoms used to assess the virtual simulator functionality, including the 3D image display, contouring, treatment unit beam parameters, digitally reconstructed radiograph generation and image quality, isocentre generation and multi-modality image registration, are described.The series of tests performed showed the virtual simulation software to be working within acceptance tolerances suggested in the literature and baseline data have been obtained against which future comparisons of system performance have been made. Where no tolerances were available, we have suggested suitable values.

Commissioning a new CT simulator I: CT simulator hardware

AbstractThis paper reports on the commissioning tests performed on a new GE Lightspeed RT wide-bore computed tomography (CT) scanner with GE Advantage Sim software. This paper focuses on the laser marking system, CT hardware and the interfaces between each component of the system, and generalises the findings to most CT simulation systems currently available. A discussion on the commissioning of the virtual simulator software will follow in a separate paper. Three phantoms were used (two constructed in-house) to assist with a range of tests covering aspects such as the laser patient marking system, CT hardware, and connections between the CT scanner, virtual simulator system and the treatment planning system (TPS) and VARiS. Tests performed showed the CT simulation system to be working within acceptable tolerances suggested in the literature, and baseline data have been obtained against which future comparisons of system performance have been made. Where no tolerances were available, we have suggested suitable values. While considering tolerances on Hounsfield number variation that may lead to a dose error in excess of 2%, we found that in the case of low-kV CT scanning the range of Hounsfield numbers for dense bone was outside the acceptable limits for potential dose errors and so users were advised not to perform radiotherapy planning CT scans with kV below 100 kV.

SU‐FF‐J‐129: Implementation and Special Considerations for Dedicated PET/CT Simulation in Radiation Oncology

Purpose: Our radiation oncology department has implemented PET/CT simulation having performed over 125 procedures in the past year. Dedicated PET/CT simulator eliminates the need to fuse outside PET studies and provides scans in the treatment position. However, PET/CT brings special challenges that must be managed to ensure image quality, spatial accuracy, efficient process flow, accurate target definition, and radiation safety. Materials/Methods: In January 2005 our department began providing F‐18 FDG PET/CT simulations on a GE Discovery ST hybrid scanner and GE Advantage Sim software (GE Healthcare, Waukesha WI). Patients were immobilized on a flat table insert, injected, scanned, and had isocenters placed. Phantom studies were performed to ensure spatial accuracy and image quality of the automated fusion software. Studies included measurement of displacement of table height due to patient weight. Due to the time spent adjacent to the patient and the expected high exposure rates, process flow was modified in order to reduce staff exposure. Results/Discussion: Our department was able to confirm spatial accuracy of the automated fusion via phantom studies to meet manufacturer specifications. However, we did reveal a significant table deflection of up to 10mm from the external lasers to the inside bore of the CT scanner which caused a change in scan protocol. Contouring window levels were studied with similar phantoms to determine appropriate settings. Process flow was aided by the hiring of an experienced, certified nuclear medicine technologist to assist the radiation therapists. Additionally, we implemented the process of immobilizing the patient prior to injection to reduce staff exposure. We determined in a separate study dose rates of up to 94μSv/hr at 15 cm from the patient. Conclusion: Dedicated PET/CT simulation in radiation oncology departments is a useful modality, but can add to time and complexity to the simulation workflow.