Silva De Research Articles

Silvia De Marchi (1929) on numerical estimation: A translation and commentary.

Vittorio Benussi (1878-1927) is known for numerous studies on optical illusions, visual and haptic perception, spatial and time perception. In Padova, he had a brilliant student who carefully worked on the topic of how people estimate numerosity, Silvia De Marchi (1897-1936). Her writings have never been translated into English before. Here we comment on her work and life, characterized also by the challenges faced by women in academia. The studies on perception of numerosity from her thesis were published as an article in 1929. We provide a translation from Italian, a redrawing of its 23 illustrations and of the graphs. It shows an original experimental approach and an anticipation of what later became known as magnitude estimation.

REPRESENTAÇÃO HISTÓRICA

This paper describes and problematizes the memorialist representation of the historical figure Francisca da Silva de Oliveira in Memórias do Distrito Diamantino da Comarca de Serro Frio, by Joaquim Felício dos Santos. We start from the hypothesis that the representation of Xica da Silva comes from discursive and social constructions and, thus, reflects the Brazilian socio-historical imaginary about black women.

To benefit tomorrow's children: female participation in Brazilian eugenics, 1918-1936

This text analyzes female participation in Brazilian eugenics and medical discourse on the roles and social functions of the sexes during the first half of the twentieth century. In examining the production of two women, Ítala Silva de Oliveira and Eunice Penna Kehl, we maintain that certain women were effectively engaged in the eugenics movement and worked to bring women closer to eugenics. This analysis makes it possible to explore a pedagogical dimension of eugenics and of the popularization of this movement by attempting to form a hygienist and eugenist consciousness among women.

First person – Sara Bonzano

ABSTRACT First Person is a series of interviews with the first authors of a selection of papers published in Disease Models & Mechanisms, helping researchers promote themselves alongside their papers. Sara Bonzano is first author on ‘ NR2F1 shapes mitochondria in the mouse brain, providing new insights into Bosch-Boonstra-Schaaf optic atrophy syndrome’, published in DMM. Sara is a postdoc in the lab of Silvia De Marchis at the University of Turin, Turin, Italy, investigating the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which NR2F1 regulates postnatal brain plasticity.

Focus Issue Articles on Diagnostic Assay Development and Validation: The Science of Getting It Right

Focus Issue Articles on Diagnostic Assay Development and Validation: The Science of Getting It Right

Reviewer Acknowledgements for World Journal of English Language, Vol. 13, No. 2

World Journal of English Language wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated.World Journal of English Language is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please contact us for the application form at: wjel@sciedupress.comReviewers for Volume 13, Number 2Abdulfattah Omar, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Saudi ArabiaAcep Unang Rahayu, Poltekpar NHI Bandung, IndonesiaAli Hussein Hazem, University of Patras, GreeceAmelia Maria Cava, Università di Napoli Suor Orsola Benincasa, ItalyAnna Maria Kuzio, University of Zielona Gora, PolandAntonio Piga, University of Cagliari, ItalyBahram Kazemian, Islamic Azad University, IranChunlin Yao, Tianjin Chengjian University, ChinaDaniel Ginting, Universitas Ma Chung, IndonesiaDeena Elshazly, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, EgyptDon Anton Balida, International College of Engineering and Management, OmanElena Alcalde Peñalver, University of Alcalá, SpainFatma Abusrewel, The University of Tripoli, LibyaFrans Sayogie, Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, IndonesiaG. Bhuvaneswari, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai, India, IndiaHameed Yahya Ahmed Al-Zubeiry, Al-Baha University, Saudi ArabiaHANY ALI MAHMOUD ABDELFATTAH, Minia University, EgyptHerman, Universitas HKBP Nommensen Pematangsiantar, IndonesiaHossein Salarian, University of Tehran, IranHouaria Chaal, Hassiba Ben Bouali University of Chlef, AlgeriaInayatullah Kakepoto, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering Science & Technology, Nawabshah, PakistanIryna Lenchuk, Dhofar University, OmanJânderson Coswosk, Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo, BrazilKanthimathi Krishnasamy, Shrimathi Devkunvar Nanalal Bhatt Vaishnav College for Women, IndiaKaya özçelik, Atılım University, TurkeyKhaled Elkotb Elshahawy, University of Tabuk, Tayma Campus, Saudi ArabiaL. Santhosh Kumar, Kristu Jayanti College (Autonomous), IndiaLeila Lomashvili, Shawnee State University, USALi Ping Chang, Department of Applied Foreign Languages, National Taipei College of Business, TaiwanMaria Isabel Maldonado Garcia, University of the Punjab, PakistanMohamad Fadhili bin Yahaya, Universiti Teknologi Mara Perlis Branch, MalaysiaMorteza Amirsheibani, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, IranMuhammad Mooneeb Ali, HED punjab, PakistanMuhammed Ibrahim Hamood, University of Mosul, IraqNing Li, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University (GDPU), ChinaNitin Malhotra, Gobindgarh Public College, IndiaNuriadi Nuriadi, University of Mataram, IndonesiaOlena Andrushenko, Universität Augsburg, GermanyÖzkanal, Ümit, Eskisehir Osmangazi University Foreign Languages Department, TurkeyRashad Al Areqi, Al Baha University, KSARoberto Martínez Mateo, UNIVERSITY OF CASTILE LA-MANCHA, SpainSafi Eldeen Alzi’abi, Jerash University, JordanSaif Ali Abbas Jumaah, University of Mosul College of Arts Dept. Media and English Communication. IraqSantri Djahimo, Nusa Cendana University, IndonesiaŞenel, Müfit, 19 Mayıs University, TurkeyServais Dieu-Donné Yédia DADJO, University of Abomey-Calavi, BeninShalini Yadav, Compucom Institute of Technology and Management, IndiaValeria Silva de Oliveira, Marinha do Brasil, Brazil

Reviewer Acknowledgements for World Journal of English Language, Vol. 13, No. 1

World Journal of English Language wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated.World Journal of English Language is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please contact us for the application form at: wjel@sciedupress.comReviewers for Volume 13, Number 1Abdulfattah Omar, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Saudi ArabiaAissa HANIFI, University of Chlef, AlgeriaAli Hussein Hazem, University of Patras, GreeceAmelia Maria Cava, Università di Napoli Suor Orsola Benincasa, ItalyAmer M Th Ahmed, Dhofar University, OmanAna Maria Costa Lopes, Higher School of Education of the Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, PortugalAntonio Piga, University of Cagliari, ItalyAyman Khafaga, Suez Canal University, EgyptBelén Labrador de la Cruz, University of León, SpainDaniel Ginting, Universitas Ma Chung, IndonesiaDon Anton Balida, International College of Engineering and Management, OmanHANY ALI MAHMOUD ABDELFATTAH, Minia University, EgyptHerman, Universitas HKBP Nommensen, IndonesiaIryna Lenchuk, Dhofar University, OmanJoohoon Kang, Hanyang University, South KoreaKanthimathi Krishnasamy, Shrimathi Devkunvar Nanalal Bhatt Vaishnav College for Women, IndiaKaya özçelik, Atılım University, TurkeyL. Santhosh Kumar, Kristu Jayanti College (Autonomous), IndiaLeila Lomashvili, Shawnee State University, USAMohamad Fadhili bin Yahaya, Universiti Teknologi Mara Perlis Branch, MalaysiaMorteza Amirsheibani, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, IranMuhammed Ibrahim Hamood, University of Mosul, IraqNing Li, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University (GDPU), ChinaNitin Malhotra, Gobindgarh Public College, IndiaÖzkanal, Ümit, Eskisehir Osmangazi University Foreign Languages Department, TurkeyRashad Al Areqi, Al Baha University, KSAŞenel, Müfit, 19 Mayıs University, TurkeyServais Dieu-Donné Yédia DADJO, University of Abomey-Calavi, BeninShalini Yadav, Compucom Institute of Technology and Management, IndiaValeria Silva de Oliveira, Marinha do Brasil, Brazil

A Global Strategy for Eliminating Cervical Cancer: Challenges and Opportunities

Striving to be focused and concrete, Silvia de Sanjosé offers a specific example to inform present and future commitments in the ongoing cancer pandemic by articulating a global strategy for eliminating cervical cancer. Cervical cancer, which is preventable, is a global public health problem. It is the fourth most common cancer, with over 600.000 new cases diagnosed every year and it is the fourth leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. Most of these cancer cases occur in low-resource settings where women are not screened regularly. While highlighting these ongoing challenges, the author stresses the existing opportunities for prevention, screening, and vaccination.

Proverbs: A Shorter Commentary by Bruce K. Waltke and Ivan D. V. De Silva

Reviewed by: Proverbs: A Shorter Commentary by Bruce K. Waltke and Ivan D. V. De Silva Kristin J. Wendland bruce k. waltke and ivan d. v. de silva, Proverbs: A Shorter Commentary (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2021). Pp. xxviii + 472. Paper $38. In Proverbs: A Shorter Commentary, Bruce K. Waltke and Ivan D. V. De Silva present a simplified and abridged version of W.'s two-volume commentary in the NICOT series (The Book of Proverbs: Chapters 1–15 and The Book of Proverbs: Chapters 16–31 [Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2004]). W. and D.S. suggest that one think of the longer, more technical work as a "massive footnote" to this abridged version (p. xv). Because of the intentional connection between the two works, I will make comparisons between them at several points throughout this review. The authors succeed well in their intention to produce a more accessible commentary for a more general audience, including students and pastors (p. xiii). For example, while the authors presume that a reader will have knowledge of terms such as LXX, Masoretic Text, and Latin Vulgate, they have, understandably, omitted much of the section on texts and versions. Some knowledge of biblical studies will assist a reader of this commentary, but the authors write in a way that will rarely overwhelm a nontechnical reader. In the introduction, the authors strike the balance particularly well between accessibility and technical detail in the sections having to do with vocabulary. The Hebrew-rich sections covering the vocabulary for wise and righteous and for wicked and fools engage the scholarly field and exemplify the careful scholarship of the authors, yet communicate in a way that a careful reader with knowledge of an English Bible will readily understand. Likewise, the authors helpfully engage, at least in broad contours, scholarship surrounding a number of central points of disagreement within the field, including interpretive possibilities [End Page 492] concerning the "Strange Woman" (ʾiššâ zārâ, pp. 55–57) and the various possible translations for ʾāmôn in Prov 8:30 (p. 163). Transliteration assists in accessibility, and the authors do an excellent job of leading a non-Hebrew reader to an understanding of how knowledge of the Hebrew aids in interpretation. Simplification and accessibility are defining characteristics of the commentary, but the authors also set out to produce an explicitly Christian work. W. and D. suggest that the clearest example of this is in the comparisons they draw between "the proverbs of Solomon and the sayings of the wise with the person and teaching of the Lord Jesus Christ" (p. xiv). This section, actually entitled "The Superiority of Jesus Christ to Solomon's Wisdom," is, indeed, explicitly Christian but is also rather superfluous for understanding the Book of Proverbs, unless the title is meant to be an analogy to the subsequent argument about Woman Wisdom as a "Type of Jesus Christ" as opposed to identifying her with Christ in the way of Justin Martyr (pp. 58–61). The intended audience and the religious commitments of the authors are evident in other ways as well. For instance, they attribute the final form of the Book of Proverbs to an "inspired editor" who mediated the proverbs from their original addressees to a more universal audience (p. 9). Following this, W. and D. immediately conclude their discussion on canonization with the statement that "the Holy Spirit, through the church, then sanctioned the work as canonical" (p. 9). Whether these statements about inspiration and the Holy Spirit help or hinder the book are up to each reader, but they will certainly be more welcome in some contexts than others. More curious is that W. and D. skip over quite a bit in the discussion of canonization, including the inclusion of the Book of Proverbs in the Tanak and its continued use in Judaism. Inspired though the editor may have been, the editor was not Christian and did not hand over a book to be canonized by "the church" (p. 9). Much of the commentary section proper follows the 2004 publication in abbreviated version, with fewer notes on text-critical issues. W. and D. cite scholarship throughout this section—understandably with less detail and frequency than in...

Spiritual Love in the Prose Poems of Rajkumari through The Pedlar and Baul Beggar

Rajkumari de Silva is a poet from Colombo who has been at the Prashanti Nilayam Ashram in Andhra Pradesh since 1981. Only just few poets in India have composed spiritual prose poems in post-independence Indian English poetry. Rajkumari's works are mostly published by Writers' Workshop under the names 'Ananya: One Alone,' 'Ferryman! The Paddler,' 'The Bowl Baggar,' 'Lord I Forgot,' 'Template Bagger,' and 'Ravindra and O My Fakir!' She also has three books of writing named 'Rama Jaya Jaya,' 'The Supreme Sound,' and 'Gan Diva and Anu.' Rajkumari De silva's poetry is love poetry in which she expresses her heavenly love for her god, for whom her heart lingers and her soul longs. The poet in Rajkumari has received spiritual ambrosia from Sri Sathya Sai Baba's ghats. Rajkumari is a poet who knows the language of love via quiet rather than words. She goes through more than she communicates. She has experienced the Lord's everlasting love in unfathomable ways. This paper aims at highlighting the spiritual note of the poet’s love and devotion to the common man as well as God. The paper will also throw light on the mystic self of the secluded poet.

A Visionary Approach: Lynn A. De Silva and The Prospects for Buddhist-Christian Encounter ed. by Elizabeth J. Harris and Perry Schmidt-Leukel

Reviewed by: A Visionary Approach: Lynn A. De Silva and The Prospects for Buddhist-Christian Encounter ed. by Elizabeth J. Harris and Perry Schmidt-Leukel Leo D. Lefebure A VISIONARY APPROACH: LYNN A. DE SILVA AND THE PROSPECTS FOR BUDDHIST-CHRISTIAN ENCOUNTER. Edited by Elizabeth J. Harris and Perry Schmidt-Leukel. Sankt Ottilien: EOS, 2021. 390 pp. This volume presents essays exploring the legacy of Lynn A. de Silva (1919–1982), a Methodist pastor and biblical scholar in Sri Lanka who was an important pioneer of Buddhist-Christian studies. Most of the chapters are based on presentations at the conference of the European Network of Buddhist-Christian Studies that met at the Benedictine Archabbey of St. Ottilien in 2019. Some of the authors, including Wesley Ariarajah, Aloysius Pieris, and Shantha de Silva (youngest son of Lynn de Silva), knew de Silva personally and offer warm tributes to his memory. Other authors work for institutions that carry on the types of projects that de Silva pioneered: Marshal Fernando is the Director of the Ecumenical Institute for Study and Dialogue, which de Silva founded and directed from 1962–1982; Indunil J. Kodithuwakku Kankanamalage, who is from Sri Lanka, serves as the Secretary of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue; and Peniel Rajkumar leads the Interreligious Dialogue and Cooperation Programme of the World Council of Churches. Some authors examine how de Silva developed and modified his understanding of the relationship between Buddhist and Christian perspectives. In his early work in the 1960s, de Silva responded to Buddhist misunderstandings of Christian faith and practice. In the 1970s, he explored how Buddhist teachings could be related to biblical and Christian perspectives in ways that could enhance Christian faith. Toward the end of his life de Silva pondered the degree to which Buddhist and Christian perspectives could be relativized and harmonized. Benedictine Abbot Petrus Hohensteiger traces the development of de Silva's responses to Buddhist belief in reincarnation. De Silva came to reject traditional Protestant Christian eschatology that teaches that a single lifetime will be followed by eternal heaven or hell; but he also rejected Theravada belief in rebirth. Instead, while remaining a Protestant Christian, he developed a belief in purgatory that allowed for self-purification and growth in sanctity after death. De Silva interpreted Buddhist belief in rebirth and Christian belief in resurrection as symbolic pointers toward a single, shared truth of self-negating, self-emptying love. Andreas Nehring focuses on de Silva's study of Buddhism as a popular religion combining Buddhist perspectives with folk religious practices. Drawing on the critical hermeneutics of Paul Ricoeur, Nehring emphasizes the ways in which de Silva's [End Page 403] sympathetic attention to folk Buddhism can shift the dialogue between Buddhists and Christians in positive ways. Gudrun Löwner explores how de Silva turned to visual art and aesthetics to promote mutual understanding between Buddhists and Christians. Amos Yong reflects on de Silva's pneumatological anthropology in conversation with Theravada Buddhists, mentioning the shared effort to find an alternative to eternalism or nihilism. While noting many points of convergence, Yong finds an important difference from Theravada anthropology in de Silva's eschatological interpretation of the corporate and resurrected Spiritual Body of the Apostle Paul. Kurt Gakuro Krammer reflects on how Buddhist-Christian dialogue can change one's understanding of the human being. Observing that most European Buddhists have thus far avoided dialogue, he proposes that de Silva can offer a helpful model of dialogical understanding but also poses the pointed question of whether dialogue has any soteriological impact, such as upon efforts toward social action. This volume is a very important contribution that will be of interest to all persons involved in Buddhist-Christian dialogue. Leo D. Lefebure Georgetown University Copyright © 2022 University of Hawai'i Press

Ortodoxia cristiana y apologias esotericas en la España de Carlos V. Anillos, magia astral y magia natural en La silva de varia leccion de Pedro Mexía (1540)

The approach to Spanish esotericism in the early-modern period continues to be notably marginal among specialists. At the crossroads of cultural history and political history, we investigate both the characteristics of esoteric practices and representations in 16th century Spain and the representational struggles between the hostile discourses of Christian orthodoxy and the apologetics of esotericists. We approach the “Silva de varia lección” (1540) by Pedro Mexía (who was to be appointed in 1548 Imperial Chronicler of Carlos V) to focus both on the peculiarities of his specific representation of magic-astrological rings and on the characteristics of his apologetic speech regarding the criticism of Christian orthodoxy.

Thermoelectrical Characterization of Piezoelectric Diaphragms: Towards a Better Understanding of Ferroelectrics for Future Memory Applications

In the search of materials with high charge storage densities to be used in the memory field, metal oxide perovskites such as lead zirconate titanate (PZT) result of particular interest due to its low leakage currents. Besides, ferroelectric PZT shows high remanent polarization. These properties make this material promising for high-speed and low-voltage non-volatile memories (J.F.Scott et al., J. Appl. Phys. 70, 382, 1991). Due to its piezoelectric behavior, PZT has been most commonly used in the application of sensors and actuators. More recently, its usefulness in the energy harvesting field (H. Liu, J. Mat. Chem. A 8, 19631, 2020), as well as for controlling electro-chemical processes (W. Quian et al. Nano-micro Letters 2020, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-020-00489-z), has been demonstrated. One of the main problems to overcome is the thermal incompatibility between this material and the specific ones of semiconductor devices. However, some efforts have been carried out in this respect (I. Bretos et al. Scientif. Rep. 6:20143, 2016, doi: 10.1038/srep20143). PZT systems exhibit excellent electrical properties such as very high permittivity and thermal stability with low coercive field. Additionally, they present a high electromechanical coupling coefficient, and therefore they can be easily poled and feature a very high Curie Temperature, being fully operational across a wide temperature range. In this work, the variation of the ferroelectric behavior as a function of temperature was investigated. The samples used were PZT commercial structures manufactured by MuRata Manufacturing Co., Ltd.. Element sizes were 9 mm and 14 mm, for 7BB-12-9 and 7BB-20-6 samples, respectively.In Fig. 1(a), I-V curves in the 100-320 K temperature range show that, at low temperatures, the ferroelectric material requires higher voltage values in order to be polarized, and its polarization current diminishes. Furthermore, the coercive field increases quickly as the temperature drops (Fig. 1(b)). This can be explained by the fact that polarization switching is ruled by domain wall motion, which is a thermally activated process. The experimental results show that domain wall reversal becomes more difficult as temperature decreases.The impedance analysis was carried out by performing a simultaneous frequency and temperature sweep. Impedance resonances shifted towards higher frequencies as the samples got cooler (Fig. 2(b)) and their peak values grew as temperature decreased (Fig. 2(a)). This can be explained by the fact that the impedance is inversely proportional to the piezoelectric coefficients, which decrease in value with temperature (Silva de Freitas et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2015.11.031).In Fig. 3(a) the relationship between the coercive field and temperature is depicted for both samples 7BB-12-9 and 7BB-20-6. Here we can see a dependence in size that can only be explained by the fact that the smaller sample’s domain walls have less mobility. This means the crystalline grains of the 7BB-20-6 sample are significantly thinner than those of the 7BB-12-9. Thus, its domain walls have greater mobility, and the sample is easier to polarize.This is further demonstrated by analyzing Fig. 3(b) which presents the logarithmic plot of the measured relationship between polarization backswitching (Pr – Ps) and the inverse of the temperature for the two different size samples. Pr denotes the remnant polarization, whereas Ps is the saturation polarization. This fits an Arrhenius-like behavior only for temperatures above a certain threshold value ( 150 K for the 7BB-12-9 and 120 K for the 7BB-20-6) which is a new finding when studying previous works on this subject. These measurements verify the fact that the grains of the smaller sample are thicker, thus the movement of its domain walls is more difficult. This causes the saturated state to be less stable. Consequently, when the external electric field is removed, in the smaller sample a larger number of domains return to the situation of non-alignment, increasing the polarization backswitching.In summary, an exhaustive study of the ferroelectric behavior of PZT as a function of temperature has been carried out in order to deepen the knowledge of the underlying mechanisms for its use in the field of non-volatile memories. Figure 1

Abstract PO-086: Covid-19 in the city of Teofilo Otoni-Minas Gerais: Current panorama and future perspectives

Abstract The Covid-19 pandemic presents itself as one of the greatest health challenges on a global scale. Brazil has the highest number of cases and deaths in Latin America, given these underestimates. Teófilo Otoni is the pole municipality of the northeast macroregion of Minas Gerais (MG) and its health network is a reference for 448,438 inhabitants. The study aims to assess the current panorama of Covid-19 in the city of Teófilo Otoni, its future perspective, and the impacts on mortality. For the preparation of this study, data were collected on Covid-19 in Teófilo Otoni according to official bulletins issued daily by the Health Department of the State of Minas Gerais. A descriptive analysis of the data was carried out via a map with spatialization of the cases, and, for the numerical simulation of the evolution of the cases, the epidemiologic mathematical model S.I.R (Susceptible, Infected and Recovered) was used, combining the Code Blocks software combined with Matlab. The northeastern macroregion has high levels of illiteracy, many rural residents, and the presence of indigenous communities in situations of social vulnerability. Thus, in this region are found about 54% of the municipalities classified among the 100 worst Municipal Human Development Indexes in MG. Although a reference, Teófilo Otoni, until April 12, had only 7 beds of intensive care units (ICU) for Covid-19.The first confirmed case of the disease in the city occurred on April 22 and the municipality followed the recommendations of the Ministry of Health, launched on April 6, to adopt the Selective Social Distancing, since there were not more than 50% of the ICU beds occupied, thus helping the Expanded Social Distancing that was being carried out. However, the cases increased, and on May 22 the city decreed the closure of nonessential trade, intensifying the distance measures. Until June 8, Teófilo Otoni had 372 confirmed cases and 10 deaths from Covid-19, which is worthy of the simulations of the research project “Covid-19/UFVJM Bulletin,” since 298 and 535 infected were expected in the first week of this month, considering the contact rate close to reality (70%). However, by another analysis, the numbers are high, since the expectation for the first week of June, with horizontal isolation, was between 5 and 6 cases. In addition, it is imperative to highlight that deaths in the region tend to increase, since, on June 7, the two main hospitals in the city had 100% of their beds occupied. It appears that Teófilo Otoni is in a situation of public calamity, since the health network is not prepared to receive all patients referred with Covid-19 and who require ICU, which corresponds to about 3% (13,453) of cases. This reinforces the need to analyze epidemiologic data, expand the region's hospital network, and improve mitigation measures, as the forecasts can supplement public policies to contain the progress of the disease. Citation Format: Laryssa Reis Coelho, Gustavo da Mata Oliveira Rezende, Virgílio Barroso de Aguiar, Vânia Soares Oliveira e Almeida Pinto, Rafael Genaro, Rafael Alvarenga Almeida, Fábio Silva de Souza, Caio César de Souza Alves, Leonel de Oliveira Pinheiro, Fernanda Arueira de Siqueira Santos, Alexandre Augusto de Assis Dutra, Ana Cândida Araújo e Silva, Rogério Fernandes Macedo. Covid-19 in the city of Teofilo Otoni-Minas Gerais: Current panorama and future perspectives [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Meeting: COVID-19 and Cancer; 2020 Jul 20-22. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2020;26(18_Suppl):Abstract nr PO-086.

Abstract LB-307: Translational and mechanistic implications of osteosarcoma genomics: A TARGET report

Abstract Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common malignant bone tumor of children and young adults. Although the optimization of combination chemotherapy has led to significantly improved prognosis, survival remains poor for patients with recurrent tumor or metastatic disease at diagnosis. The international TARGET (Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Therapy) OS project team collected 285 clinically annotated samples (age <40 years) for integrative genomics analyses. Eighty-nine cases, the discovery set, were characterized with paired tumor and normal DNA sequencing as well as profiling of transcriptomes, DNA methylation, and miRNA. An additional 196 validation cases were used for copy number analysis and targeted DNA sequencing guided by results from the discovery set. The most frequent recurrent somatic mutations cause loss of function in the tumor suppressors TP53, RB1, CDKN2A, PTEN, and NF1 as well as the chromatin remodeler ATRX. Structural rearrangements are an important mechanism of inactivation for all of these genes. In the discovery set, every case carried at least one mutation of a cell cycle regulator, with TP53 somatically altered in 87/89 cases. Analysis of TP53 mutations suggests that these are often truncal. OS genomes are strikingly complex and contain copy number aberrations (CNA) arising from aneuploidy and extensive structural rearrangements. Transcriptome analysis revealed profound remodeling of gene expression with statistically significant correlation of CNA and gene expression of 3340 genes (FDR<0.001). Regions of high copy number amplification include known therapeutically relevant cancer drivers (e.g. PDGFRA, MYC, CDK4, MDM2, IGF1R, and CCNE1). In contrast, activating mutations of signal transduction genes were rare. With few exceptions (e.g. MYC amplification), mutations or CNA of individual genes were not predictive of outcome. The pattern of significant co-occurrence or mutual exclusion of frequent mutations and amplifications allowed partitioning of 240 cases into four distinct genomic groups. One of these, characterized by relatively simple genomes lacking high copy number amplification, had a more favorable outcome. Unsupervised transcriptome analysis by NMF separated the discovery set into two groups with significantly different outcomes. A pathway-based approach identified a high-risk bone differentiation signature comprised of genes highly correlated with the expression of the osteogenic transcription factors. NMF analysis of DNA methylation and miRNA data also partitioned the discovery set into two groups with the methylation groups significantly correlated with clinical outcome. Our results provide a detailed picture of the genomic complexity and heterogeneity of these tumors that suggests a model wherein most OS are initiated by TP53 loss in a proliferative cell of the osteoblast lineage. TP53 deficiency leads directly to impairment of cell cycle control, DNA repair, and terminal differentiation, a state permissive for the development of secondary CNA and epigenetic changes. The TARGET OS data are publicly available (phs000218) and of immediate relevance to future investigations of the molecular mechanisms driving osteosarcoma. Findings suggest a path forward to improved assessment of risk for individual patients and support a precision medicine approach to future clinical trial development. Citation Format: Paul S. Meltzer, Sean Davis, Jack Zhu, Yonghong Wang, Sven Bilke, Joshua Waterfall, Robert Walker, Marbin Pineda, Yuan Jiang, Sharon Savage, Lisa Mirabello, Tsz-Kwong Man, Aaron Taylor, Monika J. Sun, Jay Wunder, Irene Andrulis, Nalan Gokgoz, Shintaro Iwata, Miki Ohira, Mark Krailo, Don Barkauskas, Lisa Teot, Timothy Triche, Silvia de Toledo, Antonio S. Petrilli, Jaime M. Guidry Auvil, Richard Gorlick, Malcolm A. Smith, Daniela Gerhard, Ching C. Lau. Translational and mechanistic implications of osteosarcoma genomics: A TARGET report [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-307.

Between a rock and a hard place: owners of smart speakers and joint control

By Silvia De Conca. The paper analyses to what extent the owners of smart speakers, such as Amazon Echo and Google Home, can be considered joint controllers, and what are the implications of the household exemption under the GDPR, with regard to the personal data of guests or other individuals temporarily present in their houses. Based on the relevant interpretations of the elements constituting control and joint control, as given by the Art. 29 Working Party and by the European Court of Justice (in particular in the landmark cases Wirtschaftsakademie, Jehovah’s Witness, Ryneš, and Fashion ID), this paper shows how the definition of joint control could be potentially stretched to the point of including the owners of smart speakers. The purpose of the paper is, however, to show how the preferred interpretation should be the one exempting owners of smart speakers from becoming liable under the GDPR (with certain exceptions), in the light of the asymmetry of positions between individuals and companies such as Google or Amazon and of the rationales and purposes of the GDPR. In doing so, this paper unveils a difficult balancing exercise between the rights of one individual (the data subject) and those of another individuals (the owner of a smart speaker used for private and household purposes only).

Petrus episcopus: a ação do bispo d. Pedro da Silva de Sampaio durante as guerras Neerlandesas no Brasil (1634-1649)

Este artículo investiga la trayectoria del séptimo Obispo de Brasil, Don Pedro da Silva de Sampaio, en los quince años que logró la diócesis de San Salvador de Bahía de Todos los Santos Estado de Brasil. El prelado, a lo largo de su gobierno episcopal, actuó en contra de las incursiones militares holandesas en el Reconcavo de la Bahia y Salvador, entonces capital de la colonia, además de conducir el proyecto que desestabilizo el gobierno holandés, a través de la entrada ilegal de sacerdotes católicos en las capitanías del norte del Brasil.
 
 [pt] O presente artigo investiga a trajetória do sétimo Bispo do Brasil, D. Pedro da Silva de Sampaio, nos quinze anos em que dirigiu a diocese de São Salvador da Baía de Todos os Santos do Estado do Brasil. O prelado, durante todo o seu governo episcopal, agiu contra as incursões militares neerlandesas ao Recôncavo baiano e Salvador, então capital da colônia, além de chefiar o projeto que desestabilizou o governo holandês por meio da admissão clandestina de sacerdotes católicos nas Capitanias do Norte do Brasil.

Modelos internacionais de educação superior e a universidade atual

Resenha do livro Modelos Internacionais de Educação Superior: Estados Unidos, França e Alemanha, de Reginaldo C. Moraes, Maitá de Paula e Silva e Luiza Carnicero de Castro. O livro, composto por quatro capítulos, aborda de modo bem sistematizado modelos de educação pública e privada daqueles países com impacto no modo como o Brasil tem estruturado esse nível de ensino. Em tempos de ameaças ao ensino superior público brasileiro, a presente obra ganha ainda mais relevo ao descrever a dinâmica dos modelos de financiamento, produção de pesquisa e transmissão do conhecimento e suas contribuições à sociedade.

Pero Mexía and the otium of varied reading

Abstract Otium(leisure), idleness (ociosidad) and labor (negocio/trabajo) are central categories in Pedro Mexía’s Silva de varia lección (1540), one of the most influential and popular miscellanea of the Early Modern Period, in Spain and Europe. In his work we see the breakdown of the opposition of ocio and negocio in the context of a new aristocratic ideology. Mexía’s reflections on leisure and intellectual labor shed new light on the nature of the mental sufferings of Cervantes’s Don Quijote, and contemporaries’ views of the hidalgo’s favorite pastime: reading.

“El nudo matrimonial que con vos, mi señora, me ha hecho uno”: el curioso carácter doméstico/conyugal de la poesía amorosa de Eugenio de Salazar

Este artículo se enfoca en la poesía amorosa de Eugenio de Salazar (1530-1602), toda la cual —a lo largo de los 180 folios de la primera parte de su Silva de poesía— está dedicada a su esposa, doña Catalina Carrillo. Se muestra que esto representa una desviación significativa del modelo petrarquista, en el que la musa/amada es, fundamentalmente, una figura inalcanzable, y se considera la manera en que el carácter doméstico/conyugal de su poesía le permite al autor introducir ingeniosas variaciones en el género amoroso-cortesano. Específicamente, se analizan dos series poéticas de la primera parte de la Silva con el fin de ejemplificar la gran originalidad que caracteriza el tratamiento por parte de Salazar de temas convencionales en la poesía amatoria de corte petrarquista.