Silver Nanoparticles Research Articles

Resveratrol‐Loaded Silver Nanoparticles as an Effective Strategy for Targeted Breast Cancer Therapy

AbstractThe AgNPs‐Rsvl complex was investigated for its anti‐cancer effects on human breast cancer cell lines. The UV–vis spectrophotometer was used to perform synthesized AgNPs‐Rsvl binding analyses. The size and morphology of the AgNPs were determined by field emission gun‐transmission electron microscopy (FEG‐TEM). The surface chemical signatures of AgNPs nanocomposites were assessed using FT‐IR spectroscopy, and the zeta potential (ζ potential) of various AgNPs colloids was measured using the Zetasizer Nano ZS analyzer. Cell proliferation was analyzed using the XTT method and cell apoptosis was analyzed using the AnnexinV‐fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)/PI method. The effects of resveratrol were evaluated on human breast cancer cell lines (MDA‐MB‐231 and MCF‐7). As a result of flow cytometry, a decrease in viability was observed in the MDA‐MB‐231 cells, and an increase in early apoptotic, late apoptotic, and necrotic values was observed. Resveratrol arrests the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase but when used with AgNPs, the cell cycle arrests at the S phase. The combination of resveratrol and AgNPs exhibited a cytotoxic effect on cancer cells, with MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cells being the most sensitive to AgNPs‐Rsvl. Resveratrol and AgNPs arrested the cell cycle and increased apoptosis, indicating their potential use in breast cancer treatment.

A silver lining in MRSA treatment: The synergistic action of poloxamer-stabilized silver nanoparticles and methicillin against antimicrobial resistance

BackgroundIncreasing antibiotic resistance in bacterial infections, including drug-resistant strains like methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), necessitates innovative therapeutic solutions. Silver nanoparticles are promising for combating infections, but toxicity concerns emphasize the importance of factors like dosage, size, shape, and surface chemistry. Hence, exploring poloxamer as a stabilizing agent to reduce its toxicity and enhance the antibacterial effect on MRSA is investigated. MethodsSilver nanoparticles stabilized with poloxamer (AgNPs@Pol) were synthesized through the chemical reduction method and characterized using UV–visible spectrophotometer, HR-TEM, DLS, and Zeta potential measurements. Subsequently, the antibacterial activity of AgNPs@Pol alone and in combination with methicillin against MRSA and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) was evaluated using the broth microdilution method. ResultsAgNPs@Pol showed significant efficacy against MRSA and MSSA, achieving a 100 % reduction in colony-forming units (CFU) at 9.7 μg/ml. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against MRSA and MSSA was 8.6 μg/ml and 4.3 μg/ml, respectively. A synergistic effect was observed when AgNPs@Pol was combined with methicillin. Treatment with AgNPs@Pol increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in both strains, contributing to its antibacterial activity. Real-time qPCR analysis indicated the downregulation of genes involved in antimicrobial resistance and cell adhesion in both strains. Further, the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay demonstrated low cytotoxicity for AgNPs@Pol against MCF-7, MG-63, and NIH-3T3 cell lines. ConclusionThe developed AgNPs@Pol demonstrated extensive colloidal stability, potent antibacterial activity and synergistic effect with methicillin against MRSA and MSSA. Further studies in primary cells and in vivo models may validate its potential for clinical applications.

New Antimicrobial Materials Based on Plasticized Polyvinyl Chloride for Urinary Catheters: Preparation and Testing.

Given the constant increased number of nosocomial infections in hospitals, especially associated with prolonged usage of inserted medical devices, our work aims to ameliorate clinical experience and promote faster healing of patients undergoing urinary catheterization by improving the properties of medical devices materials. Within this research, nine different composites were prepared based on polyvinyl chloride, using three different plasticizers (di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, Proviplast 2646, and Proviplast 2755), and two different antimicrobial additives containing silver nanoparticles. The prepared materials were analyzed, and their physicochemical properties were determined: water absorption, relative density, plasticizer migration, hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity by contact angle measurement, Shore A hardness, tensile strength, and elongation at break. Structure and morphology were also investigated by means of FTIR, SEM, and EDX analyses, and thermal (TG-DSC) and biological properties were evaluated. The most important aspects of obtained results are showing that plasticizer migration was significantly reduced (to almost zero) and that the usage of antimicrobial additives improved the materials' biocompatibility. Thus, based on the concluded favorable properties, the obtained materials can be further used for catheter development. Pressure-flow studies for different sizes and configurations are the next steps toward advanced in vivo and clinical trials.

Solar Selectivity of Silver Nanoparticles Modified Copper Oxide Nanocomposite Thin Films Prepared by Facile Chemical Oxidation Method

AbstractSilver nanoparticles modified copper oxide nanocomposite thin films (Ag‐CuO NC TFs) and pristine CuO TF were successfully synthesized on copper substrates using a chemical oxidation route. X‐ray diffractometry (XRD) characterization of Ag‐CuO NC TFs revealed the formation of monoclinic crystal structured CuO. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed a star‐like grain morphology of the Ag‐CuO NC TFs. Energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis ascertained the presence of anticipated elements without impurities. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) investigation confirmed the presence of Ag NPs on CuO in the Ag‐CuO NC TFs. Raman spectroscopy examination indicated the presence of a spinel structure with vibrational and tetrahedral sites. UV‐Vis‐NIR reflectance analysis demonstrated that Ag‐CuO NC TFs with 2.0 wt.% Ag NPs exhibited solar absorptance of 72.39 %, thermal emittance of 4.3 %, and a highest solar selectivity of 16.83 among the prepared thin films. These results suggest that the Ag‐CuO NC TFs could be promising candidates for use as solar selective absorbers in solar thermal energy conversion devices.

Green Synthesis of Poly (Vinyl Alcohol)‐Silver Nanoparticles Composite using Flaxseed (Linumusitatissimum L) Peel Extract: Its Cytotoxic and Antibacterial Activities

AbstractGreen synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by using diverse plant extracts has gained significance for applications in biomedical sciences and engineering. However, no studies have been done on the synthesis of AgNPs using the extract of Flaxseed peel (FsP) (Linumusitatissimum L), an eco‐friendly agricultural waste. The present study reports the green synthesis of poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) ‐ silver nanoparticles (PVA‐AgNPs) composite 1 using the aqueous extract of Flaxseed peel (FsP) (Linumusitatissimum L). GC‐MS, 1H NMR and FT‐IR spectral analyses were performed to understand the phytochemical basis of nanoparticle formation. The obtained AgNPs in the composite were characterized using a variety of techniques including FT‐IR, UV‐visible spectroscopy, HR‐TEM along with EDX spectroscopy, SEM, and DLS. UV‐vis analysis revealed a prominent surface plasmon resonance band at 422 nm, confirming the formation of AgNPs. TEM technique revealed the presence of nearly spherical AgNPs with an average size of 11.28 nm. PVA‐AgNPs composite 1 exhibited antibacterial activity against Gram‐positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram‐negative Escherichia coli. Furthermore, a dose‐time dependent cytotoxic effect against L929 fibroblast cells was demonstrated by the nanocomposite. Thus, present findings provided a basis of FsP‐extract mediated green synthesis of PVA‐AgNPs composite 1 suggesting functional nanomaterial of biomedical potentialities.

Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles with <i>Syzygium aromaticum</i> Leaves Extract as Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Materials

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have attracted attention due to their unique properties and potential application. This research aimed to do green synthesis of AgNPs with Syzygium aromaticum leaves extract (SALE) and evaluate their antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Syzygium aromaticum leaves were extracted using distilled water at 70 °C for 30 min and the results were characterized with FTIR. AgNPs were synthesized by mixing AgNO3 precursor with SALE. The effects of parameters such as volume ratio of AgNO3 precursor to SALE, AgNO3 concentrations, and synthesis times were investigated. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized using UV-Vis spectrophotometer, FTIR, and TEM. Antibacterial activity of SALE and AgNPs was investigated against Escherichia coli (E.coli) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) with disc diffusion method and antioxidant activity was tested with DPPH method. The FTIR characterization revealed that SALE and resulting AgNPs contain O-H, C-H, C=O, C=C, C-O, and C≡C functional groups. The UV-Vis characterization demonstrated that AgNPs exhibited an absorption peak at λ = 420 nm indicating surface plasmon resonance. The optimal volume ratio of AgNO3 to SALE, AgNO3 concentrations, and synthesis time for AgNPs synthesis was achieved at 10:3, 5 mM, and 60 min respectively. TEM characterization indicated that AgNPs have spherical form and sizes ranging from 14 to 32 nm. The antibacterial testing revealed that AgNPs have antibacterial activities against E. coli and B. subtilis with inhibition zone values are 8,38 ± 0,48 and 6,88 ± 1,47 respectively. Additionally, antioxidant testing presented that the IC50 values were 85.05 µg/mL for SALE and 34.71 µg/mL for AgNPs. The results indicate that green synthesis of AgNPs from AgNO3 precursor with SALE was done successfully and this nanoparticle has good antibacterial and antioxidant activities.

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles containing Cichorium intybus to treat the sepsis-induced DNA damage in the liver of Wistar albino rats

Abstract Sepsis is a severe reaction of the body to an infection, presenting a critical medical crisis. It represents an imbalance between the body’s anti- and pro-inflammatory reactions. The occurrence of sepsis, which leads to multiple-organ failure and increased mortality, is marked by dysfunction in the lungs, heart, kidneys, and liver. The involvement of reactive oxygen species is believed to contribute to the progression of sepsis. Data suggest potential advantages of phenolic compounds derived from plants in combating sepsis. Plant polyphenols can be antioxidants by scavenging free radicals, chelating metals, and binding to proteins. In this research, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were produced by the aqueous extract of Cichorium intybus leaf for the purpose of treating sepsis-induced DNA harm. The recent study focused on the biological aspect including the cytotoxicity properties on normal (HUVEC) cell line. The AgNPs were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, and UV-Vis. The TEM and SEM images of AgNPs exhibited the average size of 35.29 nm with spherical morphology. In the in vivo study, the animals were categorized into four groups: sepsis-induced, sham, AgNPs-20, and AgNPs-100. AgNPs treatment resulted in a significant decrease in tissues damage (p < 0.01). The sepsis-induced group showed a significantly elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) level in comparison to the sham group (p < 0.01). Nevertheless, the groups that received AgNPs experienced a decrease in MDA levels and an increase in glutathione and superoxide dismutases levels (p < 0.01). Additionally, the rats treated with AgNPs exhibited a reduction in the IL-1β mRNA expression levels (p < 0.01).

Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) Act as Nanoelicitors in Melissa officinalis to Enhance the Production of Some Important Phenolic Compounds and Essential Oils

ABSTRACTNanoparticles (NPs) are well‐known biostimulants in plant biotechnology, utilised to enhance the physical properties of plants and exhibit positive effects on them. The important key role is the most suitable type, effective dose and size of NP to be used in plant tissue culture systems. In this study, various concentrations of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs; 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 μg L−1) were tested as elicitors in callus culture with the aim of enhancing secondary metabolite production in lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.). According to the results obtained, callus formation rates have shown an increase in all applications compared to the control group. The highest callus formation, weight and diameter were observed in 50 μg L−1 application. In this application, the callus structure was compact and its colour was green. However, the aromatic compounds, neral and geranial increased significantly in 25 μg L−1 application. The maximum increase in phenolic compounds such as caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, proto‐catechic acid, hesperidin and p‐coumaric acid was observed in the 75 μg L−1 AgNP and the highest increase in rosmarinic acid compound was determined in the 50 μg L−1 application. The study found that AgNP applications are an effective method for increasing the production of secondary metabolites in medicinal and aromatic plants, such as lemon balm, in vitro.

Green Biosynthesis and Catalytic Application in Environmental Pollutants of Functionalized Pd‐Ag Bimetallic Nanoparticle by Deinococcus Radiodurans Extracts

AbstractCatalytic reduction of organic pollutants using metal nanoparticles (MNPs) as nanocatalyst is a promising approach. The widespread application of MNPs have led to an increase demand for their production. The green biosynthesis of MNPs using microbes is becoming increasingly important as they are benign and environmentally friendly. In this work, Deinococcus wulumuqiensis (D. wulumuqiensis) with high resistance to stresses was applied for the green preparation of different MNPs, including palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs), silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), and Pd−Ag bimetallic nanoparticles (Pd−Ag BNPs). The resultant MNPs exhibited a face‐centered cubic structure, with average size of 6.70 (Pd NPs), 6.24 (Ag NPs), and 6.13 nm (Pd−Ag BNPs), respectively. FT‐IR spectra indicated that the proteins and polysaccharides expressed by D. wulumuqiensis could potentially contributed to the formation of MNPs. The application of as‐prepared biocatalyst in catalytic degradation of pollutant dyes demonstrated that Pd−Ag BNPs had greater degradation ability of 4‐nitrophenol (95.1 %) and Rhodamine B (85.1 %) than monometallic nanoparticles. The pseudo‐first‐order kinetics results further indicated the superior catalytic ability of Pd−Ag BNPs, with rate constant of 0.450±0.009 (4‐nitrophenol) and 1.54×10−2 min−1 (Rhodamine B), respectively. Thus, the present study confirms that D. wulumuqiensis represents a promising candidate for the biosynthesis of Pd‐based nanoparticles with small size, which exhibited potential applications as bionanocatalyst in the degradation of water pollutants.

Ocimum basilicum seed-mediated green synthesis of silver nanoparticles: characterization and evaluation of biological properties

Ocimum basilicum seed-mediated green synthesis of silver nanoparticles: characterization and evaluation of biological properties

Two-dimensional magnetic field diagnostics of plasma based on nano-thin-film probe

In this paper, we propose a method to determine the diagnostics of magnetic fields based on arrays of nano-thin-film probes that are manufactured by using magnetron sputtering-based fabrication and arranged in a two-dimensional (2D) topological design. Measurements of the magnetic field and its wave number based on the proposed method were validated in a linear cylindrical plasma device, the linear experimental advanced device. We manufactured nano-thin-film probes, each with a thickness of 500 nm, a diameter of 9 mm, and a shape similar to the Greek letter “omega” by depositing silver nanoparticles generated through magnetron sputtering to improve the accuracy of the fabrication as well as their time response. The 2D topological arrangement of the array of probes enabled the determination of the diagnostics of the magnetic field and its wave number at a high spatial resolution. Measurements of the amplitude of the magnetic field and its wavenumber obtained using the proposed method were in good agreement with the results of theoretical simulations in COMSOL, which verifies its high reliability and accuracy in obtaining low-pressure plasma diagnostics. In future work, we plan to apply our diagnostic method based on the array of thin-film probes to scenarios that require a high spatial resolution.

Green Synthesis of Chrysanthemum morifolium Silver Nanoparticles and Evaluation of Its Antibacterial Activity

The increasing prevalence of microbial infections and antibiotic resistance has sparked interest in investigating the therapeutic potential of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as effective antimicrobial agents. The current study seeks to optimize the synthesis of AgNPs using Chrysanthemum morifolium (CM) extract and evaluate their antibacterial activity. Maximum synthesis of CM-AgNPs was achieved using 10 mM of AgNO3 and 20 mg/mL of CM extract at a 6:4 ratio and 3 hr of incubation period at pH 11 and 40°C. The Chrysanthemum morifolium-synthesized silver nanoparticles (CM-AgNPs) displayed a spherical shape, with sizes ranging from 12 to 34 nm. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Pseudomonas mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae were 0.0117, 0.0117, 0.0031, and 0.100 mg/mL, respectively. CM-AgNPs demonstrated notable antibiofilm activity of 49.26%, 87.31%, and 66.23% against P. mirabilis, S. aureus, and K. pneumoniae, respectively. These results indicate that CM-AgNPs possess antibacterial properties and hold promise as antimicrobial agents.

Computational metal-flavonoids complexes presentation of greenly synthesized silver nanoparticles combined flavonoids from Lens culinaris L. as anticancer agents using BcL-2 and IspC proteins

Lens culinaris L., has been widely recognized for its medical applications. LC-ESI-TOF-MS identified 22 secondary metabolites including phenolics, flavonoids, and anthocyanidin glycosides among its total extract (LCTE). The study aimed to apply LCTE as a biogenic material for reducing and capping the silver nanoparticles (LC-AgNPs). The ynthesized LC-AgNPs were characterized using different techniques. The UV absorption was observed at λ max 379 nm. LC-AgNPs were spherical, with 19.22 nm average size. The face cubic centre nature was demonstrated by HR-TEM and XRD. The LC-AgNPs were then evaluated for their anticancer and antimicrobial potentials. LC-AgNPs showed an extremely potent cytotoxic activity against MCF-7, HCT-116 and HepG2 cell lines (IC50= 0.37, 0.35 and 0.1 µg/mL, respectively). LC-AgNPs induced significant apoptotic effects in the three examined cancer cell lines. LC-AgNPs resulted in sequestration of cells in G1 phase of the cell cycle in both MCF-7 and HCT-116 cells, meanwhile it trapped cells at the G2 phase in HepG2 cells. Moreover, the antimicrobial activity of LC-AgNPs was highly confirmed against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii. Molecular docking study designated Kaempferol-3-O-robinoside-7-O-rhamnoside and Quercetin-3-D-xyloside as the topmost LCTE active constituents that caused inhibition of both Bcl-2 and IspC cancer targets in combination with the produced silver nanoparticles.

Study the Antifungal Effects of Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles on the Aspergillus niger, Microsporum canis, and Candida albicans

: The increasing prevalence of drug-resistant fungal pathogens and the limitations of current antifungal therapies underscore the need for novel alternative treatments. This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal effects of green-synthesized silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) on three clinically significant fungi: Aspergillus niger, Microsporum canis, and Candida albicans. Silver nanoparticles were synthesized using plant-based extracts to ensure eco-friendly production methods. The synthesized Ag NPs were characterized using UV spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Characterization assays revealed spherical particles with colloidal stability, an average size of approximately 80 nm, a Polydispersity Index of 0.4, and a surface charge of 62.3 mV. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values demonstrated effective suppression of fungal growth at low nanoparticle concentrations. In conclusion, our study highlights the potential of green-synthesized Ag NPs as a promising alternative to conventional antifungal agents, emphasizing their significant advantages in biocompatibility and eco-friendliness. These findings could pave the way for a new era in treating fungal infections, particularly those caused by drug-resistant strains.

The Effect of Silver Nanoparticles on Bond Strength of Calcium Silicate-Based Sealer: An In Vitro Study

The aim of this study was to evaluate the bond strength of the calcium silicate-based sealer (CSS) modified with the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the single-cone technique (SC) and the continuous wave condensation (CWC) technique, measured by a universal testing machine. The AgNPs and the modified sealers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. One hundred single-rooted extracted human permanent teeth with a single root canal were cleaned and shaped with a Protaper Next system. The teeth were randomly divided into four groups (n = 25) as follows: Group 1, canals were obturated using the SC technique with TotalFill® BC Sealer. Group 2, canals were obturated using the SC technique with TotalFill® BC Sealer mixed with AgNPs. Group 3, canals were obturated using the CWC technique with TotalFill® HiFlow BC Sealer. Group 4, canals were obturated using the CWC technique with TotalFill® HiFlow BC Sealer mixed with AgNPs. After two weeks, 1 mm-thick dentin slices were cut and exposed to a push-out bond strength test using a universal testing machine. Specimens were examined under a digital microscope to determine the mode of failure. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA and Tukey multiple comparison tests (p < 0.05). The nanoparticle characterization revealed a spherical morphology with no obvious aggregations. The results showed that group 4 had the highest dislodgement resistance compared to all groups (p < 0.05). Group 4 was significantly higher in push-out bond strength value than group 1 (p < 0.001) and group 3 (p < 0.003), but not significantly higher than group 2. Cohesive failure was the most prevalent failure mode among all groups. It can be concluded that the incorporation of silver nanoparticles into the calcium silicate-based sealer significantly increased the bond strength. The warm obturation approach demonstrated significantly higher resistance to dislodgment as compared to the single-cone technique.

Plasmonic Silver Nanoparticles Facilitate Electron Emission from Diamond upon Sun‐like Excitation

The development of a stable, non‐toxic material that emits electrons following absorption of visible light may have a major impact on the solar photocatalysis of difficult reactions such as CO$_2$ and N$_2$ reduction, as well as for targeted chemical transformations in general. Diamond is a good candidate, however it is a wide bandgap material requiring deep UV photons (λ < 227 nm) to promote electrons from the valence band into the conduction band. Embedding silver nanoparticles under the diamond surface allows the photoconductivity of the diamond in the spectral region of the surface plasmon resonance to be increased, while also leading to an enhancement of visible light photoemission. Considering the low intensity of the light sources used in this work and the spectral properties of the enhanced photoconductivity and photoemission a mechanism based on plasmonically enhanced photoconductivity which in turn allows surface states emptied by photoemission to be recharged thus leading to enhanced photoemission in the visible range is proposed.

A facile and greener approach for synthesis of lignin capped-silver nanoparticles (LS-AgNPs) and assessment of their antibacterial and antioxidant properties

Silver nanoparticles have garnered significant attention in research due to their numerous advantageous qualities, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. Several methods have been employed previously to produce these nanoparticles, but green synthesis has gained prominence due to its lack of harmful by-products. In this study, stable and biocompatible lignin-capped silver nanoparticles (LS-AgNPs) have been synthesized using a green approach that utilized nontoxic sodium lignosulfonate as both the reducing and capping agents. Various process parameters, such as pH, temperature, time, and raw material concentration have been optimized to simplify, accelerate and mould the synthesis activity easy and eco-friendly. The morphology and dimensions of the prepared lignin-capped silver nanoparticles (LS-AgNPs) have been characterized using UV–Vis spectroscopy, particle size analyser, X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy. The produced nanoparticles have an average diameter of 24 nm and a FCC crystalline structure that is capped with lignin components. MBC of LS-AgNPs has been found 4 and 6 ppm against S. aureus and E. coli bacteria, respectively. The IC50 value for antioxidant property has been found 34.37 μg/mL. In summary, the prepared LS-AgNPs have exhibited a synergistic effect resulting from the combination of lignosulfonate and silver particles. The synergistic effect not only enhances antimicrobial activity and antioxidant property remarkably, this approach enables the utilization of biobased silver nanoparticles for various applications with its requirement of minimal quantity to have much lowered toxicity compared to pure silver nanoparticles.

Green approaches for the synthesis of silver nanoparticle and its augmentation in Seed. germination, growth, and antioxidant level in Capsicum annuum L.

Eco-friendly natural nano-compounds, including biological extracts from Aspergillus niger, Azadirachta indica, and Moringa oleifera are known for their efficacy. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) improve seed germination, plant growth, and photosynthetic efficiency. This study focuses on how bio-silver may affect the development and physiology of Capsicum annuum L., specifically bio-silver nano priming with different quantities of synthesised nanoparticles. Nano priming improved seed germination (90–100 %), seedling length (53 %), seedling weight (75 %), seedling vigour index (65 %), as well as germination speed and index. The phytochemicals significantly increased chlorophyll (6–145 %), carotenoids (19–138 %), TPC (12–74 %), and TFC (7–80 %), all of which support plant growth. Nano priming also enhanced TAA (7–67 %) and FRAP (7–57 %). The total protein content (18–111 %) increased, promoting enzyme activity and plant development. Nano-priming increased ROS generation in seedlings more than the control and other priming treatments. This indicates that both ROS, including SOD (2–36 %) and POD (2–72 %), play crucial roles in seedling growth. The various mechanisms involved in nano priming-induced ROS/antioxidant systems in seedlings, such as the production of proline content (7–154 %) and the decrease in MDA (1–15 %), all contribute to the regulation of nanoparticle-generated stress.

Multifunctional green synthesized silver nanoparticle and polypyrrole-based e-textile for wearable thermoregulation applications

Electronic textiles (e-textiles) build upon existing technologies to develop truly smart textiles: garments that sense, react, and adapt. Thermoregulatory e-textiles are an area of significant interest across the field. Designing e-textiles that satisfy electrical performance and simple construction is a significant challenge. To address these issues, a simple dip-coating and in-situ polymerization method was used to develop the first example of a thermoregulatory e-textile using green synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNP) and polypyrrole (Ppy), based on the method previously reported (Naysmith, A.; Mian, N.S.; Rana, S. Development of conductive textile fabric using Plackett–Burman optimized green synthesized silver nanoparticles and in situ polymerized polypyrrole. Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews 2023, 16 (1)). This methodology was optimized using a Taguchi statistical design determining the optimal AgNP-Ppy synthesis method to obtain high performance Joule heating e-textiles, novel within the field of e-textiles. Reactant concentration and reaction time had the largest effects on the electrical resistance of subsequent e-textiles. The result is the first example of an e-textile heater based on green synthesized AgNPs. The e-textile demonstrated exceptional Joule heating (120°C), low electrical resistance (37 Ω), resistive temperature sensing behavior (negative TCR = −0.0046), and increased thermal conductivity (19.55 l (Wm−1 K−1)); the strain sensing behavior (gauge factor = −0.07). This work extends knowledge of the development and challenges within e-textile technologies as the field creates the next generation of textiles.

Green-synthesis of silver nanoparticles AgNPs from Podocarpus macrophyllus for targeting GBM and LGG brain cancers via NOTCH2 gene interactions

Brain tumors, particularly Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) and Low-Grade Gliomas (LGG), present significant clinical challenges due to their aggressive nature and resistance to conventional treatments. Traditional therapies such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation are often limited in efficacy, necessitating novel therapeutic strategies. Nanotechnology, particularly the use of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), offers a targeted and potentially more effective approach. This study focuses on the green synthesis of Ag NPs using Podocarpus macrophyllus leaf extract as a reducing agent. The synthesized Ag NPs were characterized for their physicochemical properties, demonstrating a controlled particle size of 13 nm as determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the presence of functional groups, and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy revealed that silver constituted approximately 90% of the nanoparticle composition. The Ag NPs exhibited promising biological activity, including 90% free radical scavenging (antioxidant) activity, 99.15% inhibition of protein denaturation (anti-inflammatory activity), and 90.56% inhibition of alpha-amylase (anti-diabetic activity). Additionally, the nanoparticles displayed significant anti-hemolytic (89.9% inhibition) and antimicrobial activities, with a 20 mm inhibition zone against Staphylococcus species. Computational analyses further indicated that the NOTCH2 gene, which is upregulated in LGG and GBM, may interact with Ag NPs, suggesting their potential in brain cancer therapy. The green synthesis approach offers a sustainable and bioactive method for producing Ag NPs, underscoring their therapeutic promise for treating GBM and LGG.