Silver Nanocomposites Research Articles

Effect of the microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis conditions on the photocatalytic properties of BiNbO4 and silver nanocomposites

Developing new photocatalysts based on metal oxide semiconductors for dye degradation under sunlight irradiation is an expanding area of research. These studies mainly focus on efficiency enhancement by controlling the morphology and crystalline structures, lowering the bandgap energy, and adding co-catalysts. Here we describe the microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis of bismuth niobate nanostructures (BiNbO4) and its decoration with silver nanoparticles through an in situ microwave-assisted reflux synthesis. The resultant catalyst was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV–Vis diffuse reflectance, zeta power and electrochemistry. Furthermore, the photocatalytic activity was evaluated by quantifying hydroxyl and superoxide radicals generated by holes and electrons photogenerated on the catalyst surface, respectively, and through the degradation of Rhodamine B. The studies revealed that the crystalline structure strongly depends on the irradiation conditions, forming a mixture of triclinic and orthorhombic BiNbO4. Also, the decoration method results in the formation of metallic Ag, AgO and Ag2O. As a result, the catalyst formed by BiNbO4 synthesized at 150 °C and 550 W irradiation power, decorated with silver nanoparticles, showed the highest photocatalytic activity (32.6%).

UV-Assisted Room-Temperature Fabrication of Lignin-Based Nanosilver Complexes for Photothermal-Mediated Sterilization.

Green and controllable preparation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) remains a great challenge. In this work, ethanol-extracted lignin-based nanosilver composites (AgNPs@EL) were synthesized at room temperature with the assistance of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The ethanol-extracted lignin (EL) could serve as natural dispersion carriers and reducing agents for AgNPs. The reducing ability of EL could be further improved under UV irradiation, which enables the rapid synthesis of AgNPs at room temperature. More importantly, due to the good photothermal conversion capacity of EL, AgNPs@EL exhibits remarkably enhanced photothermal performance and excellent photothermal antibacterial ability, which could cause 7.2 and 5.3 log10 CFU/mL reduction against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively, under near-infrared (NIR) irradiation (808 nm, 1.8 W/cm2) for 5 min. Furthermore, the composite film obtained by impregnating bacterial cellulose onto AgNPs@EL solution also shows significantly improved mechanical properties and photothermal antimicrobial activity. Therefore, this work may provide insights into the design of lignin-based photothermal-mediated antimicrobial materials.

Barium titanate (1 0 1)/silver nanocomposite: Preparation, photocatalytic activity, and mechanism based on Density Functional Theory

In this study, the tetragonal phase barium titanate (T-BT) with (101) facet could be prepared by a simple rotary evaporation precursor system at 800 ℃ for 2 h. (101) T-BT was modified by photodeposition, and then Ag nanoparticles with diameter of 10–20 nm were grown on the surface of (101) T-BT to obtain T-BT/Ag. The samples were analyzed by XRD, SEM, XPS and TEM. The photocatalytic performance of T-BT and T-BT/Ag was measured by degradation of MO (Methyl Orange) and RhB (Rhodamine B). T-BT could degrade 1.95 % of MO or 1.09 % of RhB under the parameter of 0.01 mol/L-2 min within 120 min. However, under the same conditions, T-BT/Ag composite powder had the best degradation efficiency, which could degrade 86.7 % of MO or 63.8 % of RhB respectively. The photoluminescence spectrum, electrochemical impedance spectrum, ultraviolet visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy analysis and Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculation results showed that the O on the surface of (101) crystal facet of T-BT could bond with (111) Ag and reached the most stable state.++++.

Recyclable Mussel-Inspired Magnetic Nanocellulose@Polydopamine-Ag Nanocatalyst for Efficient Degradation of Refractory Organic Pollutants and Bacterial Disinfection.

Development of a novel strategy to tackle bacterial-contaminated complex industrial wastewaters containing refractory organic pollutants is of great demand. In this study, polydopamine (PDA)-coated magnetic cellulose nanofiber (MCNF)-loaded silver nanoparticle (AgNP) (MCNF/PDA-Ag) nanocomposites were designed and applied for efficient degradation of organic dye pollutants and inactivation of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in wastewater. In the presence of NaBH4, MCNF/PDA-Ag could achieve a high catalytic reduction rate of 6.54 min-1 for the removal of methylene blue. Similarly, it showed good catalytic reduction performance for methyl orange (0.63 min-1) and 4-nitrophenol (2.94 min-1). The MCNF/PDA-Ag nanocomposites can be easily magnetically recycled and reused with negligible loss of catalytic performance. Moreover, this nanocatalyst also exhibited excellent disinfection performance against E. coli, with more than 99% disinfection ratio at very low doses (50 μg/mL). Overall, this work provides new insights into a delicate design of advanced magnetically recyclable silver nanocomposites with ultrahigh catalytic rates and excellent antibacterial properties from sustainable nature biomass.

A green approach to synthesize silver nanoparticles in gelatin/poly(2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate-co-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid) hydrogels with Verbascum Longipedicellatum extract and their antibacterial activity

This study aimed to explain the production and the characterization of gelatin/poly(2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate-co-2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid), Gel/p(HEMA-co-AMPS), hydrogels including silver nanoparticles (AgNP) that were developed with a simple, cost-effective and environmentally-friendly process. Silver ions were added to the Gel/p(HEMA-co-AMPS) hydrogel matrix synthesized via free radical polymerization, and silver nanoparticles were developed by in-situ reduction of silver ions (Ag+) in the swollen hydrogel using Verbascum Longipedicellatum plant extract. The structure and morphology of the prepared nanocomposite hydrogel were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (TEM-EDX), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). In addition, the swelling properties of hydrogels were investigated and AgNPs embedded in the hydrogel network were found to absorb more water, improving the swelling properties of hydrogels. Finally, the antibacterial activity of silver nanocomposites against S. aureus, E. faecalis, B. Subtilis, B. cereus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa as bacterial agents and C. albicans as fungal agent was examined. Therefore, the present study offers a multi-component hydrogel containing AgNPs with low-cost and environmentally-friendly fabrication process for application as bactericidal materials in biotechnology and biomedical fields.

Morphological and physiological changes induced by Achyranthes aspera-mediated silver nanocomposites in Aedes aegypti larvae.

Aedes aegypti is responsible for the global spread of several ailments such as chikungunya, dengue, yellow fever, and Zika. The use of synthetic chemicals is the primary intervention in mosquito management. However, their excessive utilization resulting in the spread of toxic ingredients in the environment and posing threats to beneficial organisms has prompted the recommendation for the use of biologically synthesized nanocomposites as a promising approach for vector control. Silver nanocomposites were synthesized using leaf (AL-AgNCs) and stem (AS-AgNCs) extracts of Achyranthes aspera. The early fourth instars of A. aegypti were exposed to lethal doses of these nanocomposites to evaluate their effects on larval development, behavior, morphology, and mid-gut histoarchitecture. The cellular damage and deposition of nanocomposite residues in the mid-gut were studied using light and transmission electron microscopy. The A. aspera silver nanocomposite (AA-AgNC)-exposed larvae exhibited dose-dependent extended duration of development and diminished adult emergence, but did not exhibit modified behavior. Intense damage to the cuticle membrane and slight contraction in the internal membrane of anal papillae were noticed. Morphologically, the mid-gut appeared disorganized, darkly pigmented, and shrunk. Histological investigations of the mid-gut revealed significantly disordered internal architecture with lysed cells, damaged peritrophic membrane and microvilli, disintegrated epithelial layer, and a ruptured and displaced basement membrane. Visualization of the larval mid-gut through TEM showed severe cellular damage and aggregation of black spots, indicating the deposition of silver particles released by AA-AgNCs. The investigations revealed the bio-efficacy of A. aspera-mediated AgNCs against A. aegypti inducing stomach and contact toxicity in the larvae. The utilization of AA-AgNCs is recommended for A. aegypti management as a safe and effective intervention.

Novel anticorrosive coatings based on nanocomposites of epoxy, chitosan, and silver

To improve the resistance to corrosion of epoxy resin for steel in sodium chloride solution, new Chitosan-Ag nano-composite coating was synthesized. FTIR, X-ray Diffraction, Raman and TEM all supported the new nano-characterizations composite. A study using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) demonstrated that composite coatings had a corrosion rate that was lower than that of pure epoxy coating. Chitosan-Ag nanocomposite-coated carbon steel demonstrated greater coating resistance (396 kohm cm2) than neat epoxy (124 kohm cm2). Our findings support the concept that chitosan and silver nanoparticles can enhance the epoxy coating's anticorrosion characteristics.

Biomimetic chitosan with biocomposite nanomaterials for bone tissue repair and regeneration.

Biomimetic materials for better bone graft substitutes are a thrust area of research among researchers and clinicians. Autografts, allografts, and synthetic grafts are often utilized to repair and regenerate bone defects. Autografts are still considered the gold-standard method/material to treat bone-related issues with satisfactory outcomes. It is important that the material used for bone tissue repair is simultaneously osteoconductive, osteoinductive, and osteogenic. To overcome this problem, researchers have tried several ways to develop different materials using chitosan-based nanocomposites of silver, copper, gold, zinc oxide, titanium oxide, carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide, and biosilica. The combination of materials helps in the expression of ideal bone formation genes of alkaline phosphatase, bone morphogenic protein, runt-related transcription factor-2, bone sialoprotein, and osteocalcin. In vitro and in vivo studies highlight the scientific findings of antibacterial activity, tissue integration, stiffness, mechanical strength, and degradation behaviour of composite materials for tissue engineering applications.

Surface plasmon polaritons at an interface between silver and quantum dots hybrid nanocomposite

Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) are investigated theoretically at the interface between silver metal and a hybrid system containing silver metal nanoparticles (MNPs) and semiconductor triple quantum dot (STQD). Various properties of SPPs are studied by varying the distance between silver MNP and SQD, radii of the MNP in the hybrid medium, and gate voltage applied to the TQD. A remarkable modification up to 315 μm is obtained in the SPPs’ propagation length by considering different sizes of silver MNPs in the hybrid medium. The wavelength of the SPPs is controlled via changing the distance between the MNPs and TQD, and gate voltages applied to TQD in the hybrid medium. Furthermore, we have studied the effect of various parameters such as gate voltages and radii of the MNPs on the penetration depth of SPPs into both sides of the interface of silver metal and hybrid medium. Plasmonic regions consisting of hybrid medium and silver metal provide multiple dimensions for the generation and control of SPPs. Therefore, it is assumed that these findings may have important applications in bio-sensors, atomic spectroscopy, photovoltaic devices, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, solar cells, and plasmon technology.

Preparation of Graphene Nanosilver Composites for 3D Printing Technology

At present, graphene in two-dimensional carbon nanomaterials is a material with excellent properties. Its preparation technology and application prospects are very wide. The most common one is the chemical redox method, which can make graphite into graphite oxide dispersed in water. Graphene oxide obtained by the Hummers method has a wrinkled structure. In order to broaden the application field of graphene and give full play to its excellent properties, the current research on graphene mainly focuses on the preparation and application of functional composite materials as a matrix material or reinforcement material. Due to its special two-dimensional structure, it has a large specific surface area, good biocompatibility, and stable physical and chemical properties, making it an excellent nanoparticle carrier. The graphene-supported silver nanoparticles can effectively prevent the aggregation and stacking between particles, improve the electrochemical performance of the composite material, and expand its application range. In this article, the assisted preparation of graphene nanosilver composites by 3D printing technology (three-dimensional printing) was studied. 3D printing technology is a rapid prototyping technology that emerged in the 1980s. 3D printing technology is based on discrete stacking and realizes rapid processing of models by directly outputting data from the printing device. In this article, a new type of graphene oxide (GO) was prepared by the modified Hummers method. In the case of NaOH aqueous solution as a catalyst, silver nitrate and GO were used as precursors, and XRD, infrared spectrum, Raman spectrum, and other methods were used. The crystal structure and morphology of Ag/rGO under different conditions were studied, thus revealing the growth of silver particles and the changes of oxidized functional groups under different conditions. It was found that the intensity of the two peaks in the GNs-Ag-2 Raman spectral curve was seven times that of the GNs peak.

Copper biosorption over green silver nanocomposite using artificial intelligence and statistical physics formalism

The metal uptake capacity of green synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and activated carbon (AC) are widespread. The AgNPs loaded AC for the copper ions (Cu2+) biosorption via an artificial neural network (ANN) and statistical physics formalism (SPF) applied at a pressure range of 0.03–0.3 bar and temperatures of 310, 340, and 370 K were studied. For ANN modeling, a multi-layer perceptron was used with five input nodes to obtain biosorption data. The percentage of Cu2+ uptake efficiency was used as an output variable. The transfer function was applied using the Tanh transference function. SPF through grand canonical ensemble provides models for monolayer and multilayer layers of biosorption. These models explain the sorption by calculating the layers involved, adsorbed species, and energy levels. The results demonstrated that the ANN modeling could be quite helpful in predicting biosorption parameters. The effective covariables were dose, pH, and concentration. The ANN models were consistent with experimental values albeit with minor differences. The error values were between −6.5 + 2.0%. Results showed that adsorbate species remain perpendicular to the adsorbent surfaces while macro- and micropore volumes seem critical. These adsorbents carry single or multiple layers of biosorption and tend to fluctuate with variations in temperature. Exothermic and endothermic processes are represented by negative and positive biosorption energies. Energy distributions in sophisticated SPF models confirm surface characteristics and interactions with adsorbates.

Experimental study on the performance of pyramid solar still with novel convex and dish absorbers and wick materials

Solar still is a famous technique of the desalination methods, but it suffers from the low productivity. In this paper, novel structured convex absorbers were proposed in a pyramid solar still. The performance of the pyramid solar still (PSS) was experimentally investigated when using a convex cylinder absorber shape (CCPSS) and dish shape of absorber (CDPSS) instead of the flat absorber. The proposed absorber shapes increased the surface areas of exposure and evaporation and reduced the water depth to minimum inside the distiller. Also, the experimentations were conducted when using different heights of convex dish shape (5, 10, 15, and 20 cm) to obtain the optimum convex height of the dish absorber. Besides, the system was experimentally investigated when using two different wick materials of cotton cloth and jute wicks that were put over the convex surface. Furthermore, the performance of CDPSS was tested when painting the absorber by black paint mixed with different nanocomposites of titanium oxide (TiO2) copper oxide (CuO) and silver (Ag). Systems performance based on economic, enviroeconomic, CO2 reduction, and energy point of view was studied. Experimental results revealed that the CDPSS provided better performance than either CCPSS or PSS. Also, the optimum height of dish absorber that obtained the best performance of CDPSS was 15 cm, where at this height (15 cm), the increase in productivity of CDPSS was 54% with jute cloth over that of the PSS. The highest productivity of CDPSS was obtained when using Ag followed by CuO and then TiO2, where the average daily productivity of CDPSS with jute and Ag was 6750 mL/m2.day compared to 3800 mL/m2.day for that of PSS (improvement = 78% and efficiency = 45.7%). Besides, the rate of CO2 mitigation for the CDPSS with Ag, CuO, TiO2 and without nanoparticles was about 13.5, 12.7, 12.5, 10.17 tons/y respectively. Also, the enviroeconomic parameter (Z^') was 147.6, 181.2, 184.1, and 195.1 per year for the (CDPSS), (CDPSS + TiO2), (CDPSS + CuO), and (CDPSS + Ag), respectively for 365 operating days and lifetime 20 years. Finally, the costs of the distilled water of PSS and CDPSS with jute cloth and silver nanoparticles were 0.018 and 0.015 $/L, respectively.

Synthesis of Silver Nanocomposite Based on Carboxymethyl Cellulose: Antibacterial, Antifungal and Anticancer Activities.

Traditional cancer treatments include surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. According to medical sources, chemotherapy is still the primary method for curing or treating cancer today and has been a major contributor to the recent decline in cancer mortality. Nanocomposites based on polymers and metal nanoparticles have recently received the attention of researchers. In the current study, a nanocomposite was fabricated based on carboxymethyl cellulose and silver nanoparticles (CMC-AgNPs) and their antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer activities were evaluated. The antibacterial results revealed that CMC-AgNPs have promising antibacterial activity against Gram-negative (Klebsiella oxytoca and Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus). Moreover, CMC-AgNPs exhibited antifungal activity against filamentous fungi such as Aspergillus fumigatus, A. niger, and A. terreus. Concerning the HepG2 hepatocellular cancer cell line, the lowest IC50 values (7.9 ± 0.41 µg/mL) were recorded for CMC-AgNPs, suggesting a strong cytotoxic effect on liver cancer cells. As a result, our findings suggest that the antitumor effect of these CMC-Ag nanoparticles is due to the induction of apoptosis and necrosis in hepatic cancer cells via increased caspase-8 and -9 activities and diminished levels of VEGFR-2. In conclusion, CMC-AgNPs exhibited antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer activities, which can be used in the pharmaceutical and medical fields.

Synthesis and Characterization of Silver and Graphene Nanocomposites and Their Antimicrobial and Photocatalytic Potentials.

Microbial pathogens and bulk amounts of industrial toxic wastes in water are an alarming situation to humans and a continuous threat to aquatic life. In this study, multifunctional silver and graphene nanocomposites (Ag)1−x(GNPs)x [25% (x = 0.25), 50% (x = 0.50) and 75% (x = 0.75) of GNPs] were synthesized via ex situ approach. Further, the synthesized nanocomposites were explored for their physicochemical characteristics, such as vibrational modes (Raman spectroscopic analysis), optical properties (UV visible spectroscopic analysis), antibacterial and photocatalytic applications. We investigated the antimicrobial activity of silver and graphene nanocomposites (Ag-GNPs), and the results showed that Ag-GNPs nanocomposites exhibit remarkably improved antimicrobial activity (28.78% (E. coli), 31.34% (S. aureus) and 30.31% (P. aeruginosa) growth inhibition, which might be due to increase in surface area of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)). Furthermore, we investigated the photocatalytic activity of silver (AgNPs) and graphene (GNPs) nanocomposites in varying ratios. Interestingly, the Ag-GNPs nanocomposites show improved photocatalytic activity (78.55% degradation) as compared to AgNPs (54.35%), which can be an effective candidate for removing the toxicity of dyes. Hence, it is emphatically concluded that Ag-GNPs hold very active behavior towards the decolorization of dyes and could be a potential candidate for the treatment of wastewater and possible pathogenic control over microbes. In the future, we also recommend different other in vitro biological and environmental applications of silver and graphene nanocomposites.

Engineering of Near-Infrared-Activated Lignin-Polydopamine-Nanosilver Composites for Highly Efficient Sterilization.

Photothermal synergistic antimicrobial therapy is considered a promising strategy to cope with antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections. In this work, lignin-based polydopamine nanosilver composites (LS-PDA-Ag) were engineered by a two-step process including self-assembly and microwave-assisted reduction. First, sodium lignosulfonate (LS) was not only used as a carrier to disperse polydopamine (PDA) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), but also used to reduce Ag+ for producing AgNPs. Second, PDA could promote the reduction of Ag+ and enhance the photothermal effect of AgNPs to further improve antibacterial efficiency. Finally, LS, AgNPs, and PDA complement each other, forming a synergistic photothermal antibacterial mechanism, achieving efficient bacterial killing within a short time. The antibacterial test of LS-PDA-Ag confirmed that 7.6 log10 CFU/mL of Escherichia coli were killed in 10 min under near-infrared irradiation. Furthermore, the LS-PDA-Ag can be blended with waterborne polyurethane to synthesize hybrid films, which also results in rapid sterilization and mechanical performance improvement. Considering the highly effective antibacterial activity of the LS-PDA-Ag composite, this work may provide perspectives on the design of green photothermal antibacterial materials.

Herbal synthesis of integrated binary-semiconductor nanocomposites of silver doped CuO with ZnO/SnO2 for antibacterial activities and photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes

Herbal synthesis of integrated binary-semiconductor nanocomposites of silver doped CuO with ZnO/SnO2 for antibacterial activities and photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes

Green Production of Functionalized Few-Layer Graphene–Silver Nanocomposites Using Gallnut Extract for Antibacterial Application

Recently, there has been much attention paid to functionalized few-layer graphene (FFG) owing to its many biomedical applications, such as in bioimaging, biosensors, drug delivery, tissue scaffolds, nanocarriers, etc. Hence, the preparation of FFG has now become of great interest to researchers. The present study systematically investigates the utilization of gallnut extract (GNE) during the process of high-shear exfoliation for the efficient conversion of expanded graphite to FFG. Various parameters, such as GNE concentration, graphite concentration, exfoliation time, and the rotation speed of the high-shear mixer, were initially optimized for FFG production. The prepared FFG was characterized in terms of surface functionality and morphology using Raman spectra, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy analyses. Further, the conjugation of FFG with Ag was confirmed by XRD, XPS, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectra. The Ag–FFG composite exhibited antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria through the agar well diffusion method. This study provides an efficient, economical, and eco-friendly FFG and Ag–FFG production method for biomedical applications.

In vivo study of beta-glucan-based biogenic synthesis of silver nanocomposite using Schizophyllum commune for wound dressings in a rat burn model

Bacterial infection is a significant barrier to the natural wound healing process. Silver nanoparticles have antibacterial activity through the destruction of DNA and bacterial membranes. In the present study, a green method was introduced to synthesize silver nanoparticles produced by the Schizophyllum commune. The antibacterial mat loaded with 0.5, 1, and 3% (w/w) of bioactive silver nanoparticles were produced in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and schizophyllan (SPG) solution (20:80) with electrospun (PVA/SPG). Then the physicochemical properties of silver nanoparticles and the mats PVA/SPG containing silver nanoparticles were investigated. An animal model also examined antimicrobial activity, cytotoxicity, adhesion, and grade II burn ulcers. The results showed that spherical silver nanoparticles with a diameter of about 40 nm were produced and completely scattered on the nanofibers according to TEM images. A non-covalent interaction was revealed between SPG and AgNPs; the nanofibers were hydrophilic. Nanofibers containing silver nanoparticles had intense antimicrobial activity against E. coli and S. aureus. This inhibition increases with increasing concentration. The cytotoxicity and adhesion results showed that the PVA/SPG-AgNPs 1% sample had the best effect on fibroblast cells. The 1% sample was tested for the animal model, and after 14 days, it had a practical effect on the control. At 14 days post-treatment, a skinny epithelial layer was formed and covered the wound area, and these nanofibers were suitable for wound dressing. Consequently, PVA/SPG-AgNPs nanofibers could be a good option to cover burn wounds by speeding up the wound healing process and treatment costs.

Environmental photochemistry with thiol- and silica-modified plasmonic nanocomposites: SERS sensing of municipal solid waste and tannery waste leachate from groundwater.

Mismanagement of obsolete solid waste generates a massive deteriorating effect on the environment. There is a high level of open trash disposal contaminating its neighboring water bodies. This despoliation trash causes an endangerment to the living environment. The waste management act is to hinder harmful effects on human beings, animals, plants, and their natural environment through the principles of waste prevention, waste processing, and waste disposal. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) enhances the hazardous chemical sensing of environmental pollutants. To vigorously focus on the leaching of a couple of landfills in groundwater and surface water, an unusual combination of SERS-based poly vinyl thiol and silica-modified silver nanocomposites (PVT/SiO2@Ag NCs) was synthesized. The optical, crystalline, and structural properties of PVT/SiO2@Ag NCs were described with UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is detected at 403nm from the PVT/SiO2@Ag NPs. The average crystallite size of PVT/SiO2 @ Ag NCs is estimated using the Scherrer formula as 11nm. The calculated specific surface area (SSA), strains, and dislocation densities demonstrate the improved mechanical properties of the substrate. The well-separated spherical shape of NPs is also observed, and the composition of silica and sulfur element in addition of Ag was confirmed by EDAX. Negatively charged SiO2 were bound strongly with the SH group and Ag NPs through electrostatic interaction mechanism as S-Ag-O-Si-O-Ag-S. SERS sensitivity is demonstrated by the prepared nanoparticles using an environmentally ignored leachate of municipal solid waste (MSW) and tannery waste (TW) landfill. PVT/SiO2@Ag NCs has detected the presence of innards of MSW leachate viz., aromatic hydrocarbon, phenols, phthalates, and pesticide from the groundwater. Furthermore, the TW leachate compositions of benzenes, hydrocarbons, amines, and chromium VI were analytically identified. Also, the leaching of TW leachate was confirmed in the water samples referred. Hence, this study provides a novel SERS sensor of PVT/SiO2@Ag NCs in the tile to detect and analyze environmentally ignored organic and inorganic compounds.

Bio Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles using Lantana camara Seed Extract and its Antibacterial Potential

In this research, a Lantana camara seed extract was employed for easily and sustainably synthesis of silver nanocomposites. Aqueous silver ions reduced when exposed to seed extract, which led to the biogenesis of silver nanoparticles. The reduced silver nanoparticles were examined utilizing a multiple of methods, including transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. Absorption peak at 415 nm in the UV-vis absorption spectral analysis of the synthesized silver nanoparticles provided evidence that silver nanoparticles had formed. The FCC crystalline structure of the produced L. camara leaf extract silver nanoparticles is revealed by X-ray diffraction spectra analysis. The development of Gram-positive Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Gram-negative Staphylococcus aureus bacteria is repressed by green synthetic silver nanoparticles made from L. camara seed extract. The antibacterial activity that has been observed may have significant uses in biology, pharmacy, and economics.