This gives a complete review of all the methods for studying the urethra and urinary bladder by the urethroscopic or the cystoscopic route. The aseptic conscience of American surgeons will be somewhat offended by two illustrations in which a woman is shown with a ureteral cystoscope in the bladder and both ureters drained by catheters, the patient wearing silk stockings and a waist, without any aseptic covering of the table or of the body of the patient. While the author quotes almost all the urologists who have contributed to the development of endoscopic and cystoscopic manipulations, he reports tables, cystoscopic holders and various vesical instruments as his own, though devised by his predecessors in this work and on the market for many years. Some points are further elucidated by the interpolation of histories of pertinent cases. Some experienced authors will not agree with Papin that electrocoagulation of vesical tumors is