Silk Floss Research Articles

Nanofiltration recovery of sericin from silk processing waste and synthesis of a lauroyl sericin-based surfactant and its characteristics

The objective of this study was to improve silk floss processing technology. Silkworm (Bombyx mori) cocoons were quickly reeled into a raw silk sheet with cycling of hot alkaline eluent in a processing machine. The raw silk sheet was refined in the strongly alkaline electrolyzed water (SAEW) for 0.5 h, and the silk floss (degummed silk fiber equivalent to ∼40% (w/w) of the whole cocoons) was obtained as a raw material for the manufacture of silk fabrics such as silk quilts. The alkaline eluent and the refining solution were separated by an ultrafilter, the filtrate contained the sericin oligomeric peptides and free amino acids (SAA) with a low molecular mass, and the retentate was a sericin polypeptide (SP) with a range of high molecular mass values; the filtrate was again separated by the nanofiltration, obtaining the retentate contained SAA, while the filtrate became the pure water that can be recycled as the alkaline eluent; the SAA in the retentate was concentrated to about 20% (w/v) by using rotary evaporation; the finally obtained SAA was used for the synthesis of a lauroyl sericin-based surfactant (LSBS) with a yield of ∼75%. There was no clear difference between the amino acid compositions of SAA and LSBS. The surface tension and critical micelle concentration (CMC) of LSBS was much lower than that in the SAA, and LSBS had high foaming power. The emulsifying power of SAA and LSBS in an oil–water (O–W) phase with the ethyl acetate as the oil phase was better than that with the benzene. Generally, the LSBS displayed good surface properties. A novel technology in the present work was developed for the silk floss industry, facilitating efficient recovery and use of sericin as well as the recycling of water and reducing the serious environmental pollution resulting from the strongly alkaline waste that contains the sericin released from the traditional procedure.

The Study on the Degreasing Technology of Silk Floss Treated with Leaching Method

Silk floss was deoiled with leaching Method using 6# light gasoline in order to improve wearability of silk floss. The effect of temperature, time and bath ratio on the oil removal efficiency was studied by single factor analysis method. The results showed that the optimum degreasing technologies of silk floss with 6# light gasoline are: bath ratio 1:30, treatment time 40 min, and treatment temperature 50 °C. Under the optimum degreasing technologies of silk floss, the residual oil ratio of silk floss is 0.01% which is far below national standard.

A Study of the Tang Dynasty Tax Textiles (Yongdiao Bu) from Turfan

The Tang dynasty tax system is often referred to as zuyongdiao 租庸調, with each of these three terms having a specific meaning. Zu was the annual collection of 2 piculs, roughly 120 litres of grain (su 粟) per head. Yong was the annual corvée (labour) duty of 21 days per head, which could be substituted and paid for in silk or cloth, or the cloth-paid-in-place-of-annual-corvée tax. Diao was the tax in kind, payable in textiles (substitutions of other goods were sometimes permitted). In silk-producing areas the diao tax per head was 2 decafeet of silk, payable in ling-twill, juan-silk or silk thread (si 絲) and 3 ounces of silk floss (simian 絲綿). In areas that did not produce silk, the diao tax was 2 decafeet, 5 feet of hemp cloth and 3 pounds of hemp yarn.

"A Charm in those Fingers": Patterns, Taste, and the Englishwoman's Domestic Magazine

are a thousand things that everybody sees, and nobody thinks of, marvels author of Railway Magic, an 1855 article in Englishwoman s Domestic Magazine.1 The writer is particularly interested in drawing attention to sensory experience of train travel. It is not just that new parts of country open up to railway, or that speed allows one to cover new territory; actual sights of everyday are given new meaning when seen from window of a train. The modernity of train travel enables traveler to see English countryside with new eyes: eyes of a housewife. Looking out train window, anonymous author asks, And did you remark not a spike wrenched from its good hold, not a tie un-tied, not a timber splintered? There must be a charm in those fingers indeed. The construction of railway is work of an especially tidy and conscientious laborer, depicted here as domestic woman.2 As train rushes viewer from far to near perspective, features of landscape are crafted from quotidian housewifely objects: Strips of narrow yellow ribbon widen into broad acres of golden grain; scattered skeins of silk floss are webbed into running rivers. Rural idyll and modern power merge into one image, united through a visual perspective that draws its references from needlework rather than farming or factory work. Fingers, ribbon, and silk floss feature prominently in parts of periodical devoted to sewing and fancy-work patterns. Railway Magic concludes that railway marks out and almost creates surrounding fields, lakes, and towns. The railway's relationship to landscape becomes much like a pattern for an embroidered scene: the railway itself, in magic of distance seems double scoring of beautiful fields and lakes and towns along

The effects of carthamus tinctorius L, .BETA.-glycyrrhetinic acid, carbazochrome, and chlorhexidine in inflamed gingiva induced by activating plaque accumulation in beagle dogs.

We evaluated the effects of drugs that included water extracts of Carthamus tinctorius L (E-C), β-glycyrrhetinic acid (Gly.), carbazochrome (Carz.), alone or in combination with (Mx.) and chlorhexidine (CHX) on the inflamed gingiva induced by accelerated plaque accumulation in Beagle dogs. After a clinically healthy gingiva was obtained by means of scaling and tooth brushing for 4 to 6 weeks, gingival inflammation was induced by the placement of silk floss ligatures around the premolars and molars and by feeding a soft diet for one week. The drugs were topically applied with a silicon gum tray for 5 and 10 days after inducement of gingivitis. A significant reduction of the number of infiltrated PMNs in the connective tissues adjacent to the upper part of the sulcular epithelium was observed with all drugs applied to gingiva at 10 days after the application. These findings suggested that E-C, Gly., Carz., as well as CHX are effective in the treatment of gingivitis singly or in combination.

AN ARTICLE CONTRIBUTED TO AN ANNIVERSARY VOLUME IN HONOR OF DOCTOR JOSEPH HERSEY PRATT

Article1 September 1937AN ARTICLE CONTRIBUTED TO AN ANNIVERSARY VOLUME IN HONOR OF DOCTOR JOSEPH HERSEY PRATTKAPOK AND MOLDS: AN IMPORTANT COMBINATION*HAROLD C. WAGNER, M.D., FRANCIS M. RACKEMANN, M.D.HAROLD C. WAGNER, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, FRANCIS M. RACKEMANN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-11-3-505 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn a former study of kapok ("silk floss") we1showed that a considerable number of patients with asthma have been relieved of their symptoms simply by eliminating kapok from the environment. We pointed out that the fibers of new kapok, freshly removed from the pod, have a high luster and resiliency; that extracts of them rarely give skin tests; that this kapok fresh and new, does little harm. Old kapok, however, which has been used as the stuffing of pillows, mattresses, and furniture, for some time, has a dull appearance. The fibers are dry and brittle, and readily break down...Bibliography1. WAGNERRACKEMANN HCFM: Kapok, Jr. Allergy, 1936, vii, 224. CrossrefGoogle Scholar2. VAN LEEUWENBIENKREMERVAREKAMP WSZWH: Über die Bedeutung kleinsporiger Aspergillus-Arten (Typus Aspergillus fumigatus) für die Aetiologie des Asthma bronchiale, Ztschr. f. Immunitätsforsch. u. exper. Therap., 1925, xliv, 1. Google Scholar3. BROWN GT: Hypersensitiveness to fungi, Jr. Allergy, 1936, vii, 455. CrossrefGoogle Scholar4. COHEN MB: Observations on the nature of the house dust allergens, Jr. Allergy, 1935, vi, 517. CrossrefGoogle Scholar5. CONANTWAGNERRACKEMANN NFHCFM: Fungi found in pillows, mattresses, and furniture, Jr. Allergy, 1936, vii, 234. CrossrefGoogle Scholar6. FEINBERG SM: Mold allergy. Its importance in asthma and hay fever, Wisconsin Med. Jr., 1935, xxxiv, 254. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: HAROLD C. WAGNER, M.D.; FRANCIS M. RACKEMANN, M.D.Affiliations: Boston, Massachusetts*Received for publication May 14, 1937.From the Allergy Clinic and Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass. Aided by the Eleanor Husted Leal Fund, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byOccupational Asthma Following Kapok ExposureCellulose-decomposing fungiAtmospheric pollen grains and spores in relation to allergy. IISKIN TESTS IN THE INVESTIGATION OFHOUSE DUST ALLERGY.Viable moulds in house dustGeneral Management of the Asthmatic ChildThe isolation and characterization of a purified house dust allergen fractionPROFESSOR WILLEM STORM VAN LEEUWEN AND THE ASTHMA PROBLEMAn evaluation of atmospheric mold spores as allergens in the New York metropolitan area: A seven-year studyStudies on the house dust allergen(s)Spezieller TeilAllergische KrankheitenAllergische KrankheitenALLERGY TO MOULDS IN SWEDEN.HOUSE DUST AND FUNGUS ALLERGYL'allergia e l'immunit� nelle micosiA critical review of the recent literature on the dust atopen and on vitamin C in relation to hypersensitivenessRecent developments in asthma and hay fever 1 September 1937Volume 11, Issue 3Page: 505-513KeywordsAllergy and immunologyAsthmaHospitalsResearch laboratoriesSkin tests ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 September 1937 PDF downloadLoading ...