Silicon Materials Research Articles

(Invited) Functional Binder for Battery Electrode: Formation of Hierarchically Ordered Structures in Conductive Polymers to Enhance Ion and Electron Transport in the Electrode

Electrode binder is a critical component for the successful engineering of modern lithium-ion rechargeable batteries. Electrode binder provides cohesion among the micron and nano size electrode particles, adhesion between particles and current collectors, and modulates particles volume changes during charge and discharge. The alloy material-based anode such as Si and Sn, is an attractive candidate for lithium-ion batteries and solid-state battery because it delivers much greater theoretical (e.g. Si at 4200 mAh/g) specific capacity than that of a traditional graphite anode material (∼370 mAh/g). However, the widespread application of silicon materials has remained a significant challenge because of the large volume change during lithium insertion and extraction processes, disrupting the electrode surface, electrode mechanical formation and cell integrity. The instabilities of the alloy materials lead to loss of the electrical contact in the electrode and increased parasitic reactions with electrolyte, causing the battery failure and significantly shorten the battery life. To address those challenges, multifunctional conductive polymers have been re-designed. In the conventional design of conductive polymers, organic functionalities are introduced via bottom-up synthetic approaches to enhance specific properties by modification of the individual polymers. Unfortunately, the addition of functional groups leads to conflicting effects, limiting their scaled synthesis and broad applications. Here we show a conductive polymer coating with simple primary building blocks that can be thermally processed to develop hierarchically ordered structures (HOS) with well-defined ordered morphologies. Our approach to constructing permanent HOS in conductive polymers leads to substantial enhancement of charge transport properties and mechanical robustness, which are critical for alloy material-based electrode and overall cell integrity.

Investigation of the Effect of Huntit Filler on Flame Retardancy and Mechanical Properties of Silicone Rubber-based Materials in Cable Applications

Silicone rubber is an organic/inorganic hybrid macromolecular polymer with properties such as fire resistance, strength, flexibility, chemical resistance, thermal stability, hydrophobicity, dielectric characteristics, resistance to environmental conditions, and biocompatibility. It is an elastomer and exhibits high-performance characteristics compared to most materials in its class. Its current properties and the relative ease of enhancing its characteristics have significantly increased the industrial utilization of silicone rubber. Due to its mineral structure, silicone rubber is frequently used as an insulating material to ensure circuit integrity in the production of fire-resistant cables. It exhibits low smoke zero halogen (LSZH) characteristics, with low level release of toxic gases as a result of combustion reactions. In this study, silicone rubber compounds including a natural mineral Huntite with improved fire-resistant properties compared to standard silicone materials suitable for cable production were prepared. After cable production the fire performance properties alongside the physico-mechanical characteristics of the final products were examined. To determine the flame retardancy of the material, limiting oxygen index (LOI%) and fire performance tests were performed according to the ISO 4589-2 and BS 6387 standards, respectively. The results show that Huntite is a suitable alternative material to improve silicone materials' flame resistance.

Enhancement of efficiency in monocrystalline silicon solar cells

As the representative of the first generation of solar cells, crystalline silicon solar cells still dominate the photovoltaic market, including monocrystalline and polycrystalline silicon cells. With the development of silicon materials and cut-silicon wafer technologies, monocrystalline products have become more cost-effective, accelerating the replacement of polycrystalline products. In addition, the conversion efficiency of monocrystalline products increases gradually through high-efficiency cell technologies such as Passivated Emitter and Rear Cell (PERC). This paper will start with the solar cell efficiency and combine cost factor, the P-type PERC cell and additional four types of high-efficiency N-type cell technologies to improve the conversion efficiency for exploration, and will analyze and predict the future solar cell industrialization technologies. The study finally concludes that the N-type Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact solar cell technology has a large industrial potential and could become a mainstream technology after the perc cell technology. At the same time, Interdigitated back contact cell structure and selective all-passive contact technologies are reliable paths to obtain solar cells with high conversion efficiency, integrated cost, and efficiency, depending on the advantages and compatibility of various cells. It can create conditions for the industrialization of low- cost and high-efficiency monocrystalline silicon solar cells.

Enhancing photoelectrochemical CO2 reduction with silicon photonic crystals.

The effectiveness of silicon (Si) and silicon-based materials in catalyzing photoelectrochemistry (PEC) CO2 reduction is limited by poor visible light absorption. In this study, we prepared two-dimensional (2D) silicon-based photonic crystals (SiPCs) with circular dielectric pillars arranged in a square array to amplify the absorption of light within the wavelength of approximately 450nm. By investigating five sets of n + p SiPCs with varying dielectric pillar sizes and periodicity while maintaining consistent filling ratios, our findings showed improved photocurrent densities and a notable shift in product selectivity towards CH4 (around 25% Faradaic Efficiency). Additionally, we integrated platinum nanoparticles, which further enhanced the photocurrent without impacting the enhanced light absorption effect of SiPCs. These results not only validate the crucial role of SiPCs in enhancing light absorption and improving PEC performance but also suggest a promising approach towards efficient and selective PEC CO2 reduction.

Perovskite‐Based Indoor Photovoltaics and their Competitors

AbstractModern electronics face formidable challenges in energy efficiency and durability. Owing to their safety, lightweight design, and simplicity, indoor photovoltaics (IPVs) have garnered substantial attention among various sustainable power sources. Remarkable progress is made in IPVs, achieving power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) ranging from 3.6% using silicon materials in 2011 to an impressive 42.43% using current perovskite materials. Although numerous summaries exist, most reviews of IPVs have narrowly focused on single active materials and lack a systematic overview across different material categories starting from fundamental design principles. This comprehensive review addresses this knowledge gap by introducing IPVs fabricated based on silicon, dye, III‐V, organic, and perovskite materials, compares the PCEs of these devices for indoor applications, and provides an overview of the advantages and disadvantages associated with the different materials. For the most promising materials, optimization and modification schemes are presented for perovskite‐based IPVs. The standardized testing of IPVs and urgent challenges encountered in their development are emphasized. This review offers valuable guidance for material selection and device design for future IPVs to facilitate PCE improvement and challenge resolution in the field of IPVs.

A study of the 3-phase lag model to a two-dimensional isotropic micro-polar thermoelastic medium with memory-dependent properties

This article enlightens the two-dimensional (2D) isotropic micro-polar thermoelastic problem of the three-phase-lag (3PHL) model and heat conduction equation is formulated in the context of memory-dependent derivative (MDD). The equations are converted into the domain of the Laplace transform vector matrix differential equation form and solved by using the eigenvalue technique. To obtain an analytical solution of displacement, temperature, and stress components Silicon material properties are used. Inversion of the Laplace transform with Fourier series expansion technique is used to obtain the numerical solution. For obtaining graphical results Mathematica software is used. For the purpose of exhibiting the beauty of MDD in the present model comparisons are made between the time delay parameters and kernel functions (constant, linear, and non-linear kernels), respectively, over the micro-polar panel. The results obtained have a valuable impact on structural analysis, especially in the design of rotating machinery structures using accurate material properties.

Dual-functional trisiloxane as binder additive for high volume expansion Li-ion battery electrodes

Silicon-based anodes for lithium-ion batteries have the inherent advantage of higher capacity. However, the inherent expansion of Si within the anodes during cycling, causing low battery life, has limited its application. Various approaches are being investigated to mitigate the adverse effects, ranging from the patterned deposition of Si, blending silicon materials with graphite active materials, and using modified polymeric binders. Inspired by the super spreading capabilities of siloxane compounds and with an aim to optimize the graphite-SiO composite electrode, this work focuses on tweaking the binder formulation with a trisiloxane-based additive which enables uniform dispersion of active material within the electrode and enhances the wetting of the electrolyte within the electrode. In this work, graphite with 15 wt% silicon monoxide was used as an electrode with trisiloxane-modified binder showing much improved electrochemical performance with better mechanical integrity compared to the benchmark electrode. The cell with modified binder exhibited remarkable cycling stability up to 400 cycles at 0.2 C-rate. A detailed study on the role of the trisiloxane additives on the physicochemical properties of electrode materials has also been elucidated. The prospects of employing these additives for similar high-volume expansion electrodes are also discussed.

Remediation of Lead and Cadmium Contaminated Soil Using Lime with Nanosolicamaterials

Soil contamination by heavy metals significantly damages the environment, human health, plants, and animals, which has become a burning issue recently. The presence of contaminated soils due to industrials and mining activities is a major concern in today’s heavily industrialized world. With the rapid development of society, more and more soils are polluted by heavy metals, which leads to a change in soil engineering properties. Several types of technology have long been in use to remedy the heavy metal-contaminated soil. Among them, solidification and stabilization have been widely adopted. In engineering practice, engineers usually use additives to solidify and stabilize (s/s) heavy metal-contaminated soils. Solidification and Stabilization is an economic and effective technology in the remediation of contaminated soil by heavy metals, as well as sludge and sediment. The main purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of (nanomaterial materials) on the remediation of contaminated soil by the (S/S) technique. The soil was polluted with (2000 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg) of Lead and Cadmium respectively by using Lead and Cadmium nitrates. The Pb and Cd- impacted soil was remediation using rich silicon materials of (nano-silica ) as an alternative cementitious material, and replaced with contaminated soil at (3, 5, and 7%) respectively with (5% and 10%) Lime. Nanosilica was prepared from plant extracts. The binder performance was analyzed by using unconfined compressive strength ( UCS) on the solidified soil at three curing times which were 7, 14, and 28 days. TCLP was also applied to investigate the treatment degree of solidified soil for the specimens within 28 days. The result of (UCS) indicated development in strength with curing day for all binders and proved that all mix ratios exceed the minimum Criteria of landfill disposal which is 340 kPa (0.34 N/mm2). It also showed increases in strength with using nano-silica with a lime binder. The result of the leaching test for the stabilized soil after 28 days of curing, showed a reduction in lead and cadmium leaching rate for all binders, below the EPA lead leachability limit of 5 mg/l and cadmium 1 mg/l. The results showed that the sample SH2N5L10 after 28 days is the best percentage for decreasing the leaching rate of lead and cadmium, as it reached (1.4 mg /l and 0.012 mg/l) respectively with the highest compressive strength of 4852 Kpa.

PROSTHETIC TREATMENT OF A PATIENT WITH RESECTION OF THE HARD PALATE WITH AN OBTURATOR WITH A SILICONE BASE

The most commonly used treatment method for maxillary resection patients is with an obturator, closing the communication between the oral and nasal cavity. Prosthetic methods and means with different types of materials are used for its fabrication. The purpose of the described clinical case is to track the opportunity for treatment of a patient with resection of the hard palate, with an obturator with a silicon base.The clinical case tracks the treatment of a patient with maxillary carcinoma. Preliminary alginate impressions were taken from the jaws. A custom tray with which a functional impression with a silicone material was taken, was fabricated for the mandible. The height and the central position of the mandible were determined with record bases with wax rims. The dentures were finished with heat cured resin. The upper denture was used as a custom tray for taking a functional impression of the prosthetic field with silicone cream material. After packing in the laboratory, the impression material was replaced with permanent soft relining material Molloplast B (Detax). The finished dentures were adjusted and articulated until bilaterally balanced occlusion was achieved. Treatment results showed good retention and stability of the prosthetic construction. Functional impression shaping and subsequent replacing with silicon material ensured a good and tight hermetic seal in the area of the defect. The use of permanent soft relining material allowed a trauma-free transmission of masticatory pressure and a stable connection with the plastic base of the obturator. The patient’s eating and speech as well as the fluid intake were successfully restored. The achieved results improved the quality of life of the patient and his self-esteem. Prosthetic treatment with an obturator with a silicon base provides good retention and stability of the prosthetic construction which allows successful restoration of the patient`s eating and speech.

Mechanical testing and comparison of porcine tissue, silicones and 3D-printed materials for cardiovascular phantoms.

Background: Cardiovascular phantoms for patient education, pre-operative planning, surgical training, haemodynamic simulation, and device testing may help improve patient care. However, currently used materials may have different mechanical properties compared to biological tissue. Methods/Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanical properties of 3D-printing and silicone materials in comparison to biological cardiovascular tissues. Uniaxial cyclic tension testing was performed using dumbbell samples from porcine tissue (aorta, pulmonary artery, right and left ventricle). Flexible testing materials included 15 silicone (mixtures) and three 3D-printing materials. The modulus of elasticity was calculated for different deformation ranges. Results: The modulus of elasticity (0%-60%) for the aorta ranged from 0.16 to 0.18N/mm2, for the pulmonary artery from 0.07 to 0.09N/mm2, and for the right ventricle as well as the left ventricle short-axis from 0.1 to 0.16N/mm2. For silicones the range of modulus of elasticity was 0.02-1.16N/mm2, and for the 3D-printed materials from 0.85 to 1.02N/mm2. The stress-strain curves of all tissues showed a non-linear behaviour in the cyclic tensile testing, with a distinct toe region, followed by exponential strain hardening behaviour towards the peak elongation. The vessel samples showed a more linear behaviour comparted to myocardial samples. The silicones and 3D printing materials exhibited near-linearity at higher strain ranges, with a decrease in stiffness following the initial deformation. All samples showed a deviation between the loading and unloading curves (hysteresis), and a reduction in peak force over the first few cycles (adaptation effect) at constant deformation. Conclusion: The modulus of elasticity of silicone mixtures is more in agreement to porcine cardiovascular tissues than 3D-printed materials. All synthetic materials showed an almost linear behaviour in the mechanical testing compared to the non-linear behaviour of the biological tissues, probably due to fibre recruitment mechanism in the latter.

Response of photo-elasto-electric semiconductor porosity medium according to changing thermal conductivity with two-temperature

This study examines a new model for a solid semiconductor porosity medium with variable thermal conductivity under photo-thermoelastic conditions using two-temperature theory. A normal mode analysis is carried out to solve the equations in two dimensions analytically while taking into account the linear relationship between thermal conductivity and temperature. Physical fields, such as carrier density distribution, temperature, stress, and displacement, are then determined. The interaction between plasma and elastic waves is also considered. The simulation is conducted using silicon material, and the numerical calculations are illustrated graphically. This study investigates the effects of different porosity parameters (with and without porosity), thermal variable conductivity, and the two-temperature parameter on the physical field values.

Extraction of Silica from Natural Deposits for the Production of Silicon in Photovoltaic Applications

The growing demand for renewable energy sources has driven extensive research and development in photovoltaic technologies. Silicon, in the form of single-crystalline or multi-crystalline wafers, dominates the photovoltaic industry due to its well-established fabrication processes and desirable electrical characteristics Silicon (Si) has long been recognized as the primary material in photovoltaic devices due to its excellent electrical properties and abundance. In this work, we provide a comprehensive review of the elaboration process of silicon for photovoltaic applications. We discuss the various techniques used to produce high-quality silicon, the main steps of the silicon elaboration process can be summarized as: Raw material preparation: Quartz sand, primarily composed of Silicon dioxide (SiO2), undergoes thorough treatment to eliminate undesired impurities. It is subjected to processes such as washing, crushing, and purification to obtain high-quality raw material. Silica reduction: The SiO2 raw material is then subjected to a high-temperature chemical reaction to reduce it into metallurgical silicon (Si). Various methods, including carbothermic reduction, are employed for this process. In carbothermic reduction, carbon, typically in the form of coke, acts as a reducing agent to react with the silica and produce pure silicon. Also the purification methods, and crystal growth techniques. Furthermore, we highlight the importance of silicon's material properties and their impact on photovoltaic device performance. The aim of work is to provide a deeper understanding of the elaboration of silicon we explore our chemical methods used to produce high-quality silicon, including the purification techniques and silicon precursor synthesis and its crucial role in the development of efficient and sustainable photovoltaic technologies.

Acid-Base Buffering Assessment and Directions of Silicon Compound Transformation in Sod-Podzolic Soil when Used Various Siliceous Rocks

The variability of the main indicators of acid-base buffering of sod-podzolic light-loamy soil was investigated, and the dynamics of the content of monomers and polymers of silicic acid and acid-soluble silica compounds in the soil under conditions of reclamation doses of various siliceous rocks (diatomite, zeolite and bentonite clay 3, 6, 12 t/ha) was described. Zeolite rock and bentonite had a positive effect on the anti-acid buffering ability of the soil, shifting the H+/OH–equilibrium of the system by more than 160 and 20, respectively, depending on the applied dose of the material. The effect of diatomite was manifested in the anti-alkaline region of soil buffering, due to which the H+/OH–-equilibrium index decreased by almost 40%. Against the background of the use of diatom rock and bentonite clay, the content of silicic acid monomers in the soil increased by more than 5 and 4 times, respectively, against the background of the use of zeolite – by more than 2 times. The content of silicic acid polymers in the soil increased up to 3 and 4 times with the use of zeolite and bentonite rocks, respectively. At the same time, the introduction of diatomite into the soil contributed to an increase in the content of H4SiO4 polymers by 5–10 times, depending on the dose of the material. The content of the acid-soluble fraction of silicon compounds in the soil increased by 1.4–2.8 times against the background of different doses of the studied rocks and, in general, had a different dependence depending on the composition of each of them. Based on the revealed irregularities in the content and dynamics of mobile silicon compounds in the soil (monomers and polymers of silicic acids, acid-soluble silica fractions), the characteristic is given and the value of the first proposed indicators describing their dynamic state and directions of transformation – the potential for the formation of monomers (M-ASi) and polymers (P–ASi) is disclosed. H4SiO4, the degree of polymerization (Pm-VSi) and depolymerization (Dm-VSi) of silicic acid, the total content of the loose-amorphous silica fraction (Si-AMF) and the degree of amorphousness of the Si-containing mineral phase of the soil (AMF-VSi). The study of the influence of silicon materials in conditions of sod-podzolic soil revealed that, depending on the qualitative composition and dose of silicon rock, the M-ASi index can increase by 30–80%, and the P-ASi index can be in the range of increase from 0.3 to 3.0 or more times. The processes of polymerization of silicic acid and the decomposition of its polymers into monomers, expressed respectively by Pm-VSi and Dm-VSi, can also actively increase against the background of the interaction of soil with rocks, the measure of change of which is expressed in the order of 10–40% deviation relative to the control. The total content of loose-amorphous silica fraction in the soil, expressed by the SiAMF index, can be determined by the composition of each siliceous rock used as a meliorant. If, when using diatomite, the indicator can decrease by almost 30%, then when using zeolite and bentonite clay, it can increase by 30–100%, depending on the dose. Similarly, the indicator of the degree of amorphousness of the silicon-containing part of the soil substance (AMF-VSi) can also change.

Stability of industrial gallium-doped Czochralski silicon PERC cells and wafers

The carrier lifetime stability of gallium-doped silicon wafers and performance stability of industrial PERC solar cells produced from sister wafers were investigated under four different illumination conditions and temperatures. The seven investigated materials feature a resistivity variation of 0.4–1.0 Ωcm and lifetime samples were processed to create high hydrogen content (with PECVD SiNx) or low hydrogen content (with ALD Al2O3 or HfO2). Our results confirm that the material itself is prone to light and elevated temperature induced degradation (LeTID), however experiments on PERC cells produced utilising the same silicon material indicate that the production process can successfully suppress LeTID. In contrast to earlier studies, we observe only small levels of degradation at the cell level, with some showing an improvement in cell parameters under LeTID testing conditions. Our results indicate that LeTID is not necessarily a major issue for the performance of modern passivated emitter and rear cells made from gallium-doped silicon substrates.

Discussion: Baker Grade IV Capsular Contracture Is Correlated with an Increased Amount of Silicone Material: An Intrapatient Study.

Discussion: Baker Grade IV Capsular Contracture Is Correlated with an Increased Amount of Silicone Material: An Intrapatient Study.

Kinematic analysis of a finger-mimicking pneumatic network actuator consisting of parallelogram-shaped chambers

Fast pneumatic network (fast Pneu-Net, fPN) actuators made of silicone materials have aroused increasing attention these years for their promising applications in soft robotics. To enrich current research, we present a novel fPN actuator that consists of parallelogram-shaped chambers and aluminum endoskeleton that takes the shape of human finger. The proposed actuator can bend at multi-positions when inflated, bringing about more degrees of freedom controllability. Additionally, the performed finite element analysis indicates that the parallelogram-shaped chamber that tilts 30° towards the distal end exhibits an increase in deformation for about 11 % compared to the rectangle-shaped counterpart, offering an improved bending performance. An analytical model that based on the pressurized hyperelastic membrane theory is developed to estimate the actuator’s bending angles/profiles at varied pressures. Geometric relation of the chamber interactions upon deformation is discussed depending on whether the lateral walls are contact or not. The stress-strain relation of the elastomer is described using 3-term Yeoh constitutive model. Experimental validations on the theoretical calculations are carried out, from which the coefficient of proportionality that takes into account the effect on deformation caused by the embedded endoskeleton is determined. Furthermore, the Modified Denavit-Hartenberg (MDH) notation is employed to establish the forward kinematics of the actuator, and the numerical calculations are compared with the physical actuator.

4H-SiC layer with multiple trenches in lateral double-diffused metal-oxide-semiconductor transistors for high temperature and high voltage applications

In this paper, we present a novel lateral double-diffused metal-oxide-semiconductor (LDMOS) transistor for high-temperature and high breakdown voltage applications. The key idea in our study is replacing a 4H-SiC layer in a part of the buried oxide region (BOX) to reduce temperature effects. Moreover, the top of the 4H-SiC layer has multiple trenches to increase the breakdown voltage. These multiple trenches have been filled with an N-type silicon material. So, we call the proposed structures as multiple trenches 4H-SiC LDMOS (MTSiC-LDMOS). The proposed device is simulated by a two-dimensional ATLAS simulator, and we have shown that the maximum lattice temperature decreases and the breakdown voltage improves by optimization of multiple trenches in the 4H-SiC region. Also, the results show that the current flow and specific on-resistance have improved. Therefore, the MTSiC-LDMOS structure is more reliable than a conventional LDMOS (C-LDMOS) for high-temperature and high breakdown voltage applications.

Mechanism of surface modification on monocrystalline silicon during diamond polishing at nanometric scale

The demand for polished silicon wafers has increased significantly in recent years to cater to the development of the semiconductor industry. For example, polished silicon wafer has direct applications in integrated circuits, radio frequency amplifiers, micro-processors, micro-electromechanical systems, etc. To carry out mechanical polishing, lapping, grinding, or single-point diamond turning of silicon, diamond abrasives were extensively used before the implementation of chemo-mechanical polishing. During the diamond-based polishing, a few problems have already been identified, such as the formation of an amorphous phase, heat-affected zones, low material removal, etc. Some research work has also reported that nano-structured abrasives lead to a thin layer of the amorphous phase and a better material removal rate. In the same direction, a molecular dynamics simulation is carried out in this paper to investigate the mechanism of material removal from monocrystalline silicon during the diamond-abrasive-based polishing process. The present work is mainly focused on the dynamics of material removal phenomena near the abrasive particles at the nanometric scale by considering stress, lattice, cohesive energy, etc. This reveals that a higher value of indentation force results in surface buckling, which creates a zone of both compressive and tensile stresses, which increases the coordination number and forms β-silicon just ahead of the abrasive particle. This mechanism happens by developing a β-silicon phase on the surface with a thickness beyond a certain value of indentation force on the zone of compression. Buckling on this phase happens due to stress localisation in compression, as the flow stress of this phase is less than that of diamond cubic lattices. To avoid the mechanism of surface buckling and process silicon material on the surface, the indentation force needs to be maintained below a critical value. In the present case, it was found that the indentation force of less than or equal to 190 nN for the abrasive size of ϕ8 nm does the material removal by surface processing only without surface buckling. It was also found that surface processing helps to reduce the depth of the amorphous layer significantly without compromising the material removal rate or the generation of a wavy surface. Thus, the present mechanism will help in the polishing of silicon with minimum defects and reduce processing time for the final stage of polishing towards manufacturing ultra-smooth and planer surfaces.

Quality analysis of material jetted silicone material for soft robotics application

Silicone and silicone-based elastomers find their applications in micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) and soft robotics. Mechanical properties of such materials upon processing them with additive manufacturing are challenging and need significant improvement for enhanced performance in biomedical applications. With extrusion-based additive manufacturing, there is an inherent porosity inside the printed volume which negatively influences the quality and mechanical properties of printed parts. In this study, material jetting a drop-on-demand additive manufacturing technique is used to 3D print silicone samples of shore hardness 60A. These samples are analysed for tensile strength, surface roughness, porosity, and pores characterization for assessing the quality and performance of silicone 60A and the results suggest that silicone 60A material used in material jetting printing process is a potential material for low force application in soft robotics.

Ongoing advancement in examining si-based anode materials for lithium ion batteries

There is a developing interest in Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with more prominent energy thickness, and further developed cycling soundness has become progressively critical because of the rising fame of electric vehicles and convenient gadgets; efficient energy storage and utilization are vital for meeting these demands. Silicon-based materials offer a promising solution with a high hypothetical explicit limit, low lithium inclusion potential, predominance, and eco-agreeableness. Silicon has emerged as a formidable contender in advanced energy storage technology. Silicon-based materials are perceived as a highly promising option for the anode material in the up-and-coming age of LIBs. Despite the potential benefits of silicon-based anode materials, some limitations currently restrict their commercial use. Its significant volume changes during Li insertion/extraction resulting poor cycling performance and rapid electrochemical decay. This article summarizes current research on this issue. It analyzes silicon anode materials from two perspectives: different dimensional silicon nanostructures (zero-, one-, two-, and three-dimensional) and silicon-based composite materials. Like Carbon/Silicon composite materials. This article provides a comprehensive understanding of silicon anode materials' research status and a vital reference for optimizing their cycling abilities and improving their commercial value and serviceable range.