Silicon Bronze Research Articles

Influence of Modification in Centrifugal Casting on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Silicon Bronzes

Influence of Modification in Centrifugal Casting on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Silicon Bronzes

Influence of Heat Treatment on the Properties of Nickel–Chromium–Silicon Bronze Wire

The selection of optimal heat-treat conditions for nickel–chromium–silicon bronze wire used in the production of helical compression springs is considered. In experiments, the microstructure of samples after aging at 440–480°C is investigated. Tensile tests are conducted.

Effect of tungsten content on the structure, physical and mechanical properties of silicon bronze (Cu-3 wt%Si)

This research investigated the effect of tungsten content on the structure, physical and mechanical properties of silicon bronze (Cu-3 wt%Si). Tungsten was added in concentrations of 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.8, 1 and 1.5 wt%. The samples were produced using permanent die casting technique, machined and stored for the structural analysis, physical and mechanical tests. The microstructural analysis of the control sample (Cu-3 wt%Si) revealed the presence of dendrite of intermetallic compounds which could be primary silicon and copper silicide (Cu3Si) phases while the alloy doped with tungsten consisted of fine grains of intermetallic compounds evenly dispersed in the copper matrix. The mechanical tests results showed that addition of tungsten to silicon bronze significantly increased the percentage elongation, ultimate tensile strength, hardness and electrical conductivity of the alloy by 174.5%, 741.2%, 98.9% and 14.9% respectively. Maximum percentage elongation, electrical conductivity, ultimate tensile strength and hardness of 25.8%, 61.25% IACS, 286 MPa and 358 BHN respectively were obtained.

Tribological and Microstructure Examination of Environmental Waste (Marble Dust) Filled Silicon Bronze Alloy for Wear Resistant Applications

In the present work, marble dust particulate filled silicon bronze (SiBr) alloy composites were fabricated in five different weight percentages (0 wt.%, 2.5 wt.%, 5 wt.%, 7.5 wt.% and 10 wt.% of MD). The main focus of this work was to study their physical and dry sliding wear behavior for rolling elements. The void contents of the particulate filled alloy composites decreased with the increase in marble dust content in the composites up to 7.5 wt.% of marble dust (MD). Similarly, the hardness of the filled composites showed an increasing trend with the increase in hard marble dust content in the alloy composites i.e. 119.25 Hv to 181.5 Hv for 0 wt.% to 7.5 wt.% addition of MD particulates. However, both the void content and hardness showed inferior properties in higher weight percentages of marble dust content. The Taguchi design of experimental (L 25 orthogonal array) technique was implemented to find out the dry specific wear rate of the unfilled and marble dust filled SiBr alloy composites. A scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study was performed to study the wear mechanism of the worn composites along with atomic force microscopic (AFM) analysis to predict the surface profile of the worn particulate filled alloy composites.

RESEARCH INTO OXIDE INCLUSIONS IN SILICON BRONZE CuSi3Zn3MnFe WITH THE USE OF X-RAY MICROANALYSIS

This paper presents the results of X-ray microanalysis oxide inclusions in silicon bronze in terms of selection microadditions deoxidizers-modifying. On the basis of the oxides present in the alloy, it was found that the most appropriate microadditive is zirconium.

Laser Surface Texturing of Aluminium Silicon and Aluminium Bronze to Enhance Tribological Properties

Laser Surface Texturing of Aluminium Silicon and Aluminium Bronze to Enhance Tribological Properties

Tribological and Microstructure Behavior of Quicklime (CaO) Filled Silicon Bronze Alloy for Bearing Material

CaO filled silicon bronze (SiBr) alloy composites have been fabricated by a high temperature vacuum casting technique at five different weight percentages (0 wt%, 2.5 wt%, 5 wt%, 7.5 wt% and 10 wt% of CaO). The void contents, hardness and wear behavior of the CaO filled SiBr alloy composites were studied showing that the addition of particulates in base alloy reduces the void contents from 0.827 % to 0.504 % for 0 wt% to 7.5 wt% of CaO respectively. Similarly, the hardness of CaO filled SiBr alloy composites initially increases from 119.25 Hv to 140.8 Hv on addition of 7.5 % CaO but on further increase in filler content (10 wt%) the hardness decreases to 114.5 HV respectively. The specific wear rate of composite materials for applied load and sliding velocity factors showed surpassing behavior compared to unfilled alloy composites. To get the optimum response of wear behavior of composite materials the Taguchi L25 orthogonal array was applied and the result shows the higher S/N ratio i.e. 106.33 dB. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) result shows that the filler content plays a major effect compared to other factors. The particulate filled composites were examined through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) in order to understand the wear mechanism and morphology behavior of the composites.

Szlifowanie brązu krzemowego BK31 na szlifierce kłowej do wałków

Szlifowanie brązu krzemowego BK31 na szlifierce kłowej do wałków

New trends in art conservation, the use of lasers to clean as well as generate an augmented reality representation of an iconic public monument in bronze: The Alma Mater

The 3.66 m tall and over nine-ton outdoor bronze sculpture of Alma Mater, created by Lorado Taft in 1929, is an iconic symbol of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. The conservation treatment of the sculpture came with some unexpected surprises, such as the discovery of failing internal ferrous nuts and bolts which needed to be replaced. The treatment involved removing the sculpture from its granite base, dismantling major elements of the sculpture and replacing the ferrous bolts with silicon bronze bolts, laser cleaning the surface with 1064 nm Q-switch scanning lasers, application of patina, applying a protective microcrystalline wax coating, and reinstallation of the sculpture. Analysis was performed with microscopy, X-radiography, and scanning electron microscopy. The conservation treatment involved cutting edge laser technology to remove corrosion from the surface, while structured light three-dimensional (3D) scanning and digital modeling techniques were used to create a new form of public interaction with the sculpture by 3D scanning the sculpture and creating a life like 3D digital model to create an augmented reality Alma Mater sculpture to temporarily take the place of the missing monument. Augmented reality is a technology which overlays a digital representation in registration with the real world giving the viewer an experience of interacting with the digital object as though it was actually present at that location in the real world. It is a longstanding tradition for students to have their picture taken with the sculpture during graduation, and thanks to this innovative use of technology, they were able to get their picture taken with a sculpture that was digitally, but not physically, present. In addition to receiving information and media related to the conservation treatment while it was taking place, the University of Illinois community and the class of 2013 was able to experience the augmented reality monument generated over the original base. This project demonstrates how augmented reality works of art can be used to replace the experience of actual objects that are removed from public view for conservation treatments.

Characterization of Newly Developed Semisolid Stir Joining Method for Cast Cu Base Alloy (Cu-Al-Si-Fe) and Effect of Stirrer Type on Uniformity of Microstructure

In this research, the semisolid stir joining method was used to overcome the problem of hot cracking in welding aluminum and silicon bronzes. Moreover, the effects of grooved and cylindrical tools on the microstructure and mechanical properties of samples were examined. After welding specimens, mechanical tests were carried out to find differences between the cast and welded samples. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to study microstructure. X-ray diffraction was used to investigate compounds formed during casting and welding. The solidus and liquidus temperatures of the alloy were measured by differential scanning calorimetry. In this study, the temperature of the work pieces was raised to 1203 K (930 °C) that is in the semisolid region, and the weld seams were stirred by two different types of tools at the speed of 1600 rpm. Macro and micro-structural analyses show uniformity in the phase distribution for specimens welded by cylindrical tool. Desirable and uniform mechanical properties obtained when the cylindrical tool was used.

Failure of Silicon Bronze Impeller from Dealloying Via Desiliconification

A cast silicon bronze (UNS C86700) impeller that had been severely corroded was submitted for failure analysis. The customer had informed that this impeller was used to pump potable water, but the service length and chlorine content of the water were unknown. The impeller displayed a Cu-rich red phase on its surfaces and showed a pattern very similar to dezincification. Further investigation to determine the cause of damage using various techniques, including light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, revealed that the microstructure consisted of multiple phases and that a Si-rich phase was being preferentially attacked, leading to a porous structure. After a thorough examination, it was concluded that this part had failed due to dealloying via desiliconification.

Investigation of the process of welding of steels with an aluminium–silicon coating

The results of investigation of the process of welding of steels with an aluminium coating using a silicon bronze wire are presented. The effect of the welding conditions on the chemical composition of the weld metal and also the aluminium and iron content of the weld metal on the mechanical properties of the welded joint is determined.

Additive manufacturing of steel–bronze bimetal by shaped metal deposition: interface characteristics and tensile properties

In this paper, mild steel–silicon bronze bimetal based on the single-pass multi-layer model was fabricated by shaped metal deposition utilizing gas metal arc welding technology. Suitable deposition parameters of silicon bronze were chosen to match the specific size of mild steel wall. Then the characteristics of interface were analyzed. The results show that Cu element did not exist on the steel side, but Fe element entered the bronze side in the forms of particles and big chunks. Meanwhile, owing to the physical and chemical reasons, the silicon element concentrated in the intermixing zone and on the bronze side where Fe element appeared. The interface between steel and bronze had good adhesion without cracks or pores, and metallurgical bonding was achieved. The tensile strength of the bimetal reached 305 MPa and fracture occurred near the middle of bronze side, implying a firm connection between steel and bronze was obtained.

High strength silicon bronze (C65500) obtained by hydrostatic extrusion

C65500 is a high strength engineering alloy that has excellent resistance to a wide range of corrosive environments. Combination of corrosion resistance, strength, and formability place it among the most widely used copper alloys. In the present study, a C65500 alloy was subjected to severe plastic deformation by hydrostatic extrusion at room temperature with goal to increase its strength by grain refinement without modification of the chemical composition. Cumulative hydrostatic extrusion was applied with a total true strain of 4.1. The microstructure of SPD samples was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy. The size of grains was quantitatively described. The resulting mechanical properties were determined in tensile tests and via microhardness measurements. The results show that the applied cumulative HE route, leads to a substantial grain size refinement accompanied by high increase in strength. In comparison to commercial alloy after conventional plastic treatment, ultimate tensile strength and yield strength were higher by 45% and 130% respectively.

DECORATIVE LAYERS ON SILICON BRONZES

Decorative coatings artificially obtained on the surfaces of copper castings, commonly called artificial patinas in opposition to natural patinas, allow for adjusting the colour, the gloss, and the colour intensity of a casting to the customer demands. A decorative coating is a part of the artistic casting and the key element to the impression exerted by a sculpture. The colour, the type, and quality of a decorative coating depend on the author's intention, so that an artistic foundry should deal successfully with a variety of demands. Beside exerting the strictly artistic impression, patinas have one more goal to achieve - it is the corrosion protection. Natural patinas arising nowadays are characterised by Iow quality, irregular thickness, numerous cracks, and the dull taupe-brown colour. Therefore there exists need of generating decorative coatings in a controlled way. The present work is aimed to determine the influence of mechanical abrasive working applied to the surfaces of BK331 silicon bronze castings on the quality and durability of the obtained decorative coating for given recipes for patinating solutions.

A fractal-based model for the microstructure evolution of silicon bronze wires fabricated by dieless drawing

The back-propagation neural (BPN) network was proposed to model the relationship between the parameters of the dieless drawing process and the microstructures of the QSi3-1 silicon bronze alloy. Combined with image processing techniques, grain sizes and grain-boundary morphologies were respectively determined by the quantitative metallographic method and the fractal theory. The outcomes obtained show that the deformed microstructures exhibit typical fractal features, and the boundaries can be characterized quantitatively by fractal dimensions. With the temperature of 600–800°C and the drawing speed of 0.67–1.00 mm·s−1, either a lower temperature or a higher speed will cause a smaller grain size together with an elevated fractal dimension. The developed model can be capable for forecasting the microstructure evolution with a minimum error. The average relative errors between the predicted results and the experimental values of grain size and fractal dimension are 3.9% and 0.9%, respectively.

ULTIBRON CNS

Abstract Ultibron CNS is a high-performance silicon bronze alloy with excellent corrosion resistance. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, machining, and joining. Filing Code: CU-769. Producer or source: Advanced Metals International.

ANSONIA ALLOY C65500 AND C66100

Abstract Ansonia alloy C65500 and C66100 are high silicon bronze and leaded high silicon bronze alloys that are high strength; the latter are the machinable equivalent. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: CU-767. Producer or source: Ansonia Copper & Brass Inc.

ANSONIA ALLOY C65100

Abstract Ansonia alloy C65100 is often called low silicon bronze and is used in aircraft hydraulic lines, various screws, and as pole line hardware. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: CU-766. Producer or source: Ansonia Copper & Brass Inc.

Thermodynamics of chemical and electrochemical stability of aluminum, silicon, and tin bronzes

Phase diagrams copper-element-oxygen and potential-pH diagrams are plotted for alloys of the Cu-Al, Cu-Si, and Cu-Sn systems at 25°C. Thermodynamic peculiarities of the corrosion and electrochemical behavior of phase components of aluminum, silicon, and tin bronzes are analyzed. The surface activity of alloying elements is assessed.