Silicate Fillings Research Articles

Radiopaque zones in the dentin beneath silicate fillings analyzed by electron microprobe

Seven teeth which showed radiopaque zones beneath silicate fillings were sectioned and studied by microradiography and electron microprobe analysis in order to elucidate which elements were responsible for the increased absorption of X-rays and whether the presence of carious lesions could be masked by foreign elements in the tissue. The Ca concentration was frequently found to be either slightly increased or reduced compared with radiographically unaltered dentin. Increased concentrations of F and Zn occurred in the radiopaque zones. The highest F concentrations (0.4--1%) were recorded in zones with an increased Ca content. The highest Zn concentrations (5--8%) were found in the three specimens having a reduced Ca content. The possible conditions responsible for the increased Ca, F and Zn concentrations are discussed. The results indicate that both Ca and Zn may contribute to the increased absorption of X-rays. The hypothesis that carious dentin may be obscured in intraoral radiographs by the presence of foreign elements in the tissue, was not substantiated.

Electron probe microanalysis of secondary carious lesions adjacent to silicate fillings.

Secondary caries associated with silicate fillings is characterized by lesions at the tooth surface and lesions of the cavity wall. The mineral content of the cavity wall lesions and the penetration of elements originating from the silicate fillings were studied in experimental in vitro and in vivo lesions as well as in natural carious lesions. Dentine wall lesions, where microradiographs had shown increased radiopacity relative to intact tissue, exhibited increased Ca and P values. Elements derived from the silicate fillings were regularly found in enamel and dentine. The concentrations of fluorine (F) and of zinc (Zn) amounted to 2-3% by weight close to the cavity wall and decreased gradually to less than 0.1% at depths of 600 mum and 400 mum, respectively, from the cavity. Aluminum (Al) most often occurred in a 20-40 mum-wide zone, showing a maximum concentration of 2-3% near the cavity. Sulfur (S) was often present in the dentinal cavity walls of natural secondary caries, but not in the in vitro specimens. The findings indicate that F released from the silicate filling significantly modifies the progress of a carious lesion in the adjacent enamel and dentine. Through its tendency to form complexes with F, Al may possibly enhance the cariostatic effect of F.

Radiopaque zones in the dentine beneath amalgam and silicate fillings.

Intraoral radiographs occasionally disclose radiopaque zones in the dentine adjacent to amalgam fillings. Usually, they extend from the filling material towards the pulp cavity and tend to follow the direction of the dentinal tubules thereby creating a funnel-shaped appearance. It has been proved by VAN DER LINDEN and VAN AKEN (5) that such alterations are associated with an uptake in the dentine of mostly zinc and tin originating from the filling material. Another interesting observation made by the same authors was that the dentine close to the filling in the majority of the cases was carious. In a study on initial stages of secondary caries HALS and HALSE (1) found that microradiographs may show a narrow zone with high radiopacity close to amalgam fillings. Electron probe analysis showed that these zones contained relatively large amounts of zinc and tin. It seems justified to assume that the metals penetrate through the dentinal tubules (2). In another microradiographic investigation HALSE and HALS (3) found an increased radiopacity in the dentine close to silicate fillings. Although the electron probe analysis disclosed penetration into the dentine of zinc and aluminium the distribution of these metals did not correspond to the extension of the radiopaque zones in the microradiographs. These investigations raise several questions, especially concerning the reactions in the dentine and the pulp. The present study aimed at elucidating: . 1. can radiopaque zones be found also adjacent to silicate fillings? 2. how frequently are such lesions seen on intraoral radiographs? 3. how often are they associated with radiographically demonstrable caries?

The structure of experimental in vitro lesions around silicate fillings in human teeth

“Secondary caries” produced in 33 extracted human teeth by exposure to acidified gelatin were studied on 60–120 μm thick longitudinal ground sections by polarized light microscopy and microradiography. The silicate material caused a characteristic effect on the cavity walls. The “secondary caries” pattern consisted of an outer lesion and a cavity wall lesion as found previously in corresponding experiments with amalgam fillings. However, with silicate cement the lesions were less demineralized, and outer lesions were less frequent (44.3%), due, it is suggested, to the action of fluoride released from the silicate.

Kortikosteroidlerin, Spesifik ve Non Spesifik ilaçların kombinasyonlarının enfekte kök kanallarında in vivo ve in vitro etkilerinin incelenmesi

OZET Bu cahsmada Septomixin forte ve Cresophene, spesifik ve nonspesifik ilaclarin enfekte kanallarda mikroorganizmalar uzerinde etkileri arastirilmistir. Yaslari 4-5 arasinda 83 hastanin toplam olarak 110 disinden 55'ine septomixin ve 55'ine cresophene uygulanmistir. Butun dislerden 2 materyal alinmistir ve mikrobiyolojik inceleme yapilmistir. Kanallarda kullanilan butun aletleru ve paper pointier 3 saat 170° C de sterilize edilmistir. Butun materyallerden aerob ve anaerob kosullarda kultur yapildi. Enfekte kok kanallarindan alinan ve gram metodu ile boyanan preparatlarda en sik izole edilen mikroorganizmalar ise hemolitik streptococcus ve staphilococcus. Bu ilaclarin uygulandigi vakalarda ozellikle 1. ve 2. gunden sonra agrilarin yok oldugu gorulmustur. Fistul agzi ve akinti gorulen hastalarda cresophene uygulandiginda 4. pansumandan sonra akintinin kesildigi goruldu. Ozellikle kronik apikal periodontitis. Hastalarda her 3 ayda bir radyolojik ve klinik kontrol yapilmistir. Silikat dolgularin nekrozlara sebebiyet verdigi gorulmustur. Kanal tedavisi uygulanan 110 disten yalniz 2 dis 7 ay ve 11 ay sonra cekildi (Basarisiz). Cresophene'in Septomixin'e gore mikroorganizmalar uzerine daha etkili oldugu saptandi. Yuzde oranlari ise, Septomixin forte % 72,72, Cresophene ise % 96,36 oldugu saptanmistir. SUMMARY In this research, the bacteriocidal effects of Septomixin fort, Cresophene and other specific and non specific drugs in root canals have been investigated. Septomixin fort and Cresophene were applied to 110 teeth of from four to fifty years old 83 patients. Cresophene were applied to 55 teeth and other 55 teeth were treated with Septomixin Fort. Two materials were collected from all teeth and all cultures have been prepared in aerob and anaerob mediums. The instruments and paper point used in root canals were sterilized for three hours in 170 C. Microorganisms isolated from infected root canals were stained with gram methods and a hemolitic streptococcus and staphilococcus strains were mostly found. After applications of these drugs, no pain has been observed in a couple of days. In specially chronic apical periodontitis, a fistula develops, after 4 dressing with Cresophene drainage from the fistula is seen to stop. All patiens were recalled for radiological and clinical controls in every three months. It was determined that silicate fillings were the causes of pulp necrosis. Only two teeth have been extracted in seventh and eleventh months after the applications because of failure. When the results were compared it was found that Cresophene is more effective than Septomixin fort on microorganisms. Susceptibilities of microorganisms to Septomixin fort and Cresophene were % 72,72 and % 96,36.

The plaque-inhibiting effect of chlorhexidine-containing dentifrices.

abstract – In a double blind longitudinal study the plaque‐inhibiting effect of two chlorhexidine‐containing dentifrices was tested on 53 students for 2 months. The mean Plaque Index values of the groups employing active toothpastes were significantly lower than in a placebo group (p < 0.5). The differences tended to increase with time. Standardized color photographs were taken of all participants at the start and at the termination of the experiment. Brownish stains on silicate fillings and tooth surfaces were observed frequently. No damage to the oral mucosa or discoloration of the dorsum of the tongue could be detected. Storing of the dentifrices at room temperature up to 6 months caused no changes in the antibacterial activity against salivary bacteria in vitro. It is concluded that the use of a dentifrice as a vehicle for chlorhexidine might be of value in the general preventive application of the agent.

Side effects of chlorhexidine mouth washes.

abstract – The side effects of chlorhexidine mouth washes have been evaluated in a group of 50 soldiers during a period of 4 months. Previous publications have shown the effects on plaque formation and gingival conditions. The present paper discusses unfavorable side effects. When rinsing with 0.2 and 0.1 % chlorhexidine gluconate and acetate, some desquamations and soreness in the oral mucosa were observed. Twelve per cent of the tooth surfaces and 62 % of the silicate fillings were discolored, while 36 % of the test persons developed discolored tongues in the experimental period. Because of the side effects, there. are some objections to uncritical use of chlorhexidine in preventive dentistry. A close control is necessary; and until more information is gained, the use of chlorhexidine mouth washes is recommended for short periods only. Other methods of application must be studied.

Fluoride uptake in intact enamel, calculus deposits and silicate fillings.

In a previous investigation of fluoride retention after mouth-washing a group of adults retained more fluoride than children in spite of more complete expectoration of the children. It therefore appea

CONTACT CARIES IN CONNECTION WITH SILVER AMALGAM, COPPER AMALGAM AND SILICATE FILLINGS.

CONTACT CARIES IN CONNECTION WITH SILVER AMALGAM, COPPER AMALGAM AND SILICATE FILLINGS.

Suggestions for Better Silicate Fillings

Suggestions for Better Silicate Fillings

Silicate Fillings: Their Usefulness and Indications

Silicate Fillings: Their Usefulness and Indications