The general physiological processes involved in human reproduction are reviewed. A discussion of ovum development the fertilization process preparation of the uterus for nidation physiological changes during pregnancy and cyclical hormonal interrelations initiating reproductive events is presented. The properties structure and function of human sperm in reproduction are explained. Traditional forms of contraception such as the condom diaphragm spermicides and the rhythm method are discussed. The modes of action and side effects of oral contraceptives and intrauterine devices are presented. Experimentation with new contraceptive methods such as subcutaneous progestin polymer implants and trimonthly progestin injections silastic vaginal rings impregnated with progestin copper-bearing IUDs induction of menstruation with prostaglandins and suppression of progesterone production during the luteal phase a postcoitum pill and immunization with purified human chorionic gonadotrophin is reviewed. A combination of progestin and testosterone is noted as a contraceptive agent being studied for men. Attempts to develop a safe effective and reversible vasectomy procedure have not yet met with adequate success. A table gives the phases in male and female reproduction potentially vulnerable to the intervention of contraceptive technology.