Signs Of Cardiac Arrest Research Articles

Awareness, Knowledge, and Attitudes Regarding Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Case of Cardiac Arrest among the Population in the Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia.

For cardiac arrest victims, providing high-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a fundamental component of initial care, especially in out-of-hospital settings. We sought to assess the knowledge of nonmedically trained individuals about CPR in case of cardiac arrest in the population of Jazan, Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional survey containing 22 questions was administered to individuals aged ≥ 18 years who were not health-care providers. The sample comprised residents of Jazan, Saudi Arabia. The survey included knowledge about the signs of cardiac arrest, previous experiences with CPR, knowledge of basic life support (BLS), and concerns related to CPR. This study examined responses from 480 people to assess their knowledge of CPR. More than one-half were female, and only 33% were male. Only 36.04% reported having received CPR training. In the event of a family member's cardiac arrest, more than 90% state that they would perform CPR. If a family member suffered a sudden cardiac arrest, more than 70% would call an ambulance immediately, whereas only 48% would call an ambulance if the same thing happened to a stranger. Fear of making a mistake was the most common reason for not performing CPR (70.63%). The media was the most common source of CPR training. Women were more aware of the warning signs of sudden cardiac arrest than men. Women were also more likely than men to perform CPR or call for assistance. Furthermore, women were significantly more likely than men to discontinue CPR on a sudden cardiac arrest patient for fear of stopping a working heart or being contaminated by blood or vomit. Few respondents were willing to undergo CPR training; students, homemakers, and retired people were more willing to be trained in CPR than others. In the Saudi Arabian province of Jazan, nonmedically trained people demonstrated a low level of CPR training and knowledge. We believe that making BLS courses available to the general public will increase CPR awareness and understanding among adults and increase survival rates in cases of sudden cardiac arrest.

Hubungan Respon Time Petugas Ambulans Gawat Darurat dengan Keberhasilan Penanganan Pasien Cardiac Arrest

Introduction: According to the World Health Organization (WHO) states that heart attack is still the number one killer of humans in developed and developing countries killing 60 percent of all deaths. Signs of cardiac arrest, namely there is no reaction from the patient, there is stopping breathing or shortness of breath, and no vibrations are felt within 5 seconds. One indicator of the success of a medical emergency response is the speed in providing adequate assistance for emergency patients. One of the efforts to deal with the increasing cases of medical emergencies and disasters is to provide Emergency Medical Services and prepare healthcare workers. Methods: This research is a type of quantitative correlation analysis. The research design used is a cross-sectional or cross-sectional study. The population in this study were 68 cardiac arrest patients in the North Jakarta area using the AGD ambulance of the DKI Jakarta Health Office. The sampling technique used was accidental sampling. So, the sample in this study was 30 patients. The research instrument used an observation sheet. Researchers used the Chi-Square Test. .Results: The relationship between the response time of emergency ambulance staff and the successful handling of cardiac arrest patients obtained a p-value = 0.009, meaning that the p-value <α (0,05). Discussion: There is a relationship between the response time of emergency ambulance staff and the successful handling of cardiac arrest patients. Cardiac arrest is one of the emergency cases that can be life-threatening and requires a fast response time to be given good treatment, without cardiac compression or defibrillation, death will occur within minutes.

Idiopathic HFrEF. Is there room left for defibrillators?

Abstract Background and aim Prophylactic implantation of an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) is class 1 recommendation for heart failure (HF) patients with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) even though its proven advantage is weaker among nonischemic aetiology. In fact, in an era where both optimal medical therapy (OMT) and cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) significantly reduce sudden cardiac death (SCD), it is questionable whether ICD still have additional value. The aim of this study was to assess the current benefit of ICDs in preventing sudden cardiac death through resuscitated cardiac arrest (RCA), appropriate therapy for sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) or fibrillation (VF) in a contemporary population of idiopathic HFrEF patients. Methods Single-centre retrospective study of consecutive symptomatic (NYHA class II to IV) idiopathic HFrEF patients with an ICD (either alone or in association with CRT), and remote monitoring with the corresponding software (MerlinTM, LatitudeTM, CarelinkTM, MicroPortTM or BiotronikTM) to assure appropriate event supervising. Idiopathic aetiology was assumed after excluding other probable causes. Coronary angiogram was required to exclude ischemic aetiology. Only those with prophylactic ICD implantation were included. RCA was defined as collapse with clinical signs of cardiac arrest and VF or VT appropriately terminated by ICD. In order to be sustained, VT episode had to have last at least 30 seconds. Results From 781 remote monitoring controlled patients, a total of 187 consecutive symptomatic idiopathic HFrEF patients with an ICD (125 men, mean age 64±18 years) were enrolled. Patients were on optimal medical therapy (ACEi/ARB: n=168, 90%; BB: n=154, 82%; mineralocorticoid antagonists: n=91, 49%; CRT: n=130, 70%; see Table). After a median follow-up of 99 months (IQR 62.2), RCA occurred in 10.7% (n=20) and 36.9% (n=69) had appropriately terminated VT. Both left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) improvement and CRT implantation did not independently reduce the incidence of RCA and VT requiring ICD therapy (OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.99–1.05; P=0.146 and OR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.34–2.13; P=0.728; respectively). All cause mortality was 20 (10.7%). Inappropriate therapy was given as shocks to 41 patients (21.9%) and as antitachycardia pacing (ATP) to 30 (16%), opposing with appropriately given therapy to 43 (23%) and 63 (33.7%) patients, respectively (see Figure), contributing to a net clinical benefit (NCB) of 18.8%, favouring ICD implantation. Conclusion In this contemporaneous real-world population of symptomatic idiopathic HFrEF patients, episodes of impending cardiac death were frequent. Prophylactic ICD implantation seems to have added further benefit reducing SCD on top of optimal medical therapy, LVEF improvement and coexisting CRT. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in the Pilsen Region in 2018.

To acquire epidemiological data on pre-hospital cardiac arrest incidents occurring in the Pilsen Region of the Czech Republic in 2018, and the results of subsequent cardiopulmonary resuscitation Methods. A prospective observational study of the survival rate of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in patients undergoing CPR carried out by emergency medical service personnel. The observed time period was from January 1st, 2018 until December 31st, 2018. The data were acquired from patients' records in paper and electronic forms. In the monitored period 707 patients with signs of cardiac arrest were recorded in the Pilsen Region with an incidence rate of 128.9 per 100,000 inhabitants. Emergency medical units performed CPR in 484 cases. The incidence rate of pre-hospital CPR was 88.2 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. Spontaneous blood circulation was temporarily or permanently restored in 276 patients (57.0%), 203 (41.9%) patients were transferred to a hospital, and there were 61 (12.6%) cases of survival with Cerebral Performance Category (CPC) score of 1 or 2. The first monitored rhythm was a shockable in 134 (27.7%) cases. In this sub-group ROSC was achieved in 94 (70.1%) cases and 58 (43.3%) of those were subsequently transferred to a hospital. A good CPC result was achieved in 41 (30.6%) patients of this sub group. The study has provided valuable epidemiological data on OHCA and prehospital CPR in the area of the Pilsen Region in 2018. The collected data, compared to international results, show a higher survival rate with good neurological score in 12.6% of cases.

In-hospital resuscitation: recognising and responding to adults in cardiac arrest.

Survival rates following in-hospital cardiac arrest remain low. The majority of patients who survive a cardiac arrest will be in a monitored environment, have a witnessed cardiac arrest and present with a shockable rhythm, usually ventricular fibrillation. Nurses have a responsibility to preserve safety, which requires the ability to accurately assess patients for signs of deterioration in physical health, and to provide assistance when an emergency arises in practice. Nurses must work within the limits of their competence and be able to establish the urgency of a situation. Nurses in all areas of practice must be able to recognise the signs of cardiac arrest and know the prompt response sequence required to improve the patient's chances of survival. This article focuses on inpatient resuscitation in acute healthcare environments and is aimed at staff who may be the first to respond to an in-hospital cardiac arrest. This does not include specialist units such as neurosurgery, intensive therapy units and cardiac catheterisation laboratories, where medical experts are available and clinical priorities may differ.

Resuscitation - Basic Life Support in adults and application of automatic external defibrillators

Witnesses of a sudden cardiac arrest play a key-role in resuscitation. Lay-persons should therefore be trained to recognize that a collapsed person who is not breathing at all or breathing normally might suffer from cardiac arrest. Information of professional emergency medical staff by lay-persons and their initiation of cardio-pulmonary-resuscitation-measures are of great importance for cardiac-arrest victims. Ambulance-dispatchers have to support lay-rescuers via telephone. This support includes the localisation of the nearest Automatic External Defibrillator (AED). Presentation of agonal breathing or convulsions due to brain-hypoxia need to be recognized as potential early signs of cardiac arrest. In any case of cardiac arrest chest-compressions need to be started. There is insufficiant data to recommend "chest-compression-only"-CPR as being equally sufficient as cardio-pulmonary-resuscitation including ventilation. Rescuers trained in ventilation should therefore combine compressions and ventilations at a 30:2-ratio. Movement of the chest is being used as a sign of sufficient ventilation. High-quality chest-compressions of at least 5 cm of depth, not exceeding 6 cm, are recommended at a ratio of 100-120 chest conpressions/min. Interruption of chest-compression should be avoided. At busy public places AED should be available to enable lay-rescuers to apply early defibrillation.

Contrast-enhanced signs of cardiac arrest during CT

Contrast-enhanced signs of cardiac arrest during CT

Factors Associated with the Successful Recognition of Abnormal Breathing and Cardiac Arrest by Ambulance Communications Officers: A Qualitative Iterative Survey

Objectives. We sought to identify barriers and facilitators to ambulance communications officers’ (ACOs’) recognition of abnormal breathing and administration of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) instructions. Methods. We conducted semistructured qualitative interviews based on the constructs of the Theory of Planned Behavior to elicit salient attitudes, social influences, and behavioral controls potentially influencing ACOs’ intent to recognize abnormal breathing as a symptom of cardiac arrest and administer CPR instructions over the phone. We conducted interviews until achieving data saturation. We recorded interviews and transcribed them verbatim. Two independent reviewers performed inductive analyses to identify emerging themes. Results. We interviewed 24 ACOs from four Canadian provinces (67% female, median 9.5 years of experience, 33% with paramedic training). We identified eight behavioral, 14 subjective normative, and 22 control beliefs. Important attitudes were as follows: 1) CPR instructions may help the patient and are likely to be beneficial for the caller; 2) abnormal breathing is an early sign of cardiac arrest; and 3) dispatch-assisted CPR instructions can improve survival. The leading social influence was management/quality assurance staff. Behavioral control was the construct most associated with ACOs’ ability to recognize abnormal breathing, including 1) adherence to mandatory scripted protocol, 2) poor caller description of breathing pattern, and 3) ACO training on abnormal breathing. Conclusions. This qualitative study found that control beliefs are most influential on ACOs’ intention to recognize abnormal breathing and provide CPR instructions over the phone. Training and policy changes should target these beliefs to increase the frequency of ACO-administered CPR instructions to callers reporting a patient in cardiac arrest.

Part 5: Adult basic life support: 2010 International consensus on cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care science with treatment recommendations

Part 5: Adult basic life support: 2010 International consensus on cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care science with treatment recommendations

A survey of factors associated with the successful recognition of agonal breathing and cardiac arrest by 9-1-1 call takers: design and methodology

BackgroundCardiac arrest victims most often collapse at home, where only a modest proportion receives life-saving bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation. As many as 40% of all sudden cardiac arrest victims have agonal or abnormal breathing in the first minutes following cardiac arrest. 9-1-1 call takers may wrongly interpret agonal breathing as a sign of life, and not initiate telephone cardiopulmonary resuscitation instructions. Improving 9-1-1 call takers' ability to recognize agonal breathing as a sign of cardiac arrest could result in improved bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation and survival rates for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest victims.Methods/DesignThe overall goal of this study is to design and conduct a survey of 9-1-1 call takers in the province of Ontario to better understand the factors associated with the successful identification of cardiac arrest (including patients with agonal breathing) over the phone, and subsequent administration of cardiopulmonary resuscitation instructions to callers. This study will be conducted in three phases using the Theory of Planned Behaviour. In Phase One, we will conduct semi-structured qualitative interviews with a purposeful selection of 9-1-1 call takers from Ontario, and identify common themes and belief categories. In Phase Two, we will use the qualitative interview results to design and pilot a quantitative survey. In Phase Three, a final version of the quantitative survey will be administered via an electronic medium to all registered call takers in the province of Ontario. We will perform qualitative thematic analysis (Phase One) and regression modelling (Phases Two and Three), to determine direct and indirect relationship of behavioural constructs with intentions to provide cardiopulmonary resuscitation instructions.DiscussionThe results of this study will provide valuable insight into the factors associated with the successful recognition of agonal breathing and cardiac arrest by 9-1-1 call takers. This will guide future interventional studies, which may include continuing education and protocol changes, in order to help increase the number of callers appropriately receiving cardiopulmonary resuscitation instructions, and save the lives of more cardiac arrest victims.Trial registrationClinicaltrials.gov NCT00848588

Teaching recognition of agonal breathing improves accuracy of diagnosing cardiac arrest

Agonal breathing is present in up to 40% of pre-hospital cardiac arrests and is commonly mistaken as a sign of circulation leading to omission of bystander resuscitation. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that specific tuition on agonal breathing improves the accuracy of checking for signs of circulation as a diagnostic test for cardiac arrest. First year medical students were randomised to control or intervention groups. The control group were taught standard CPR according to current guidelines. The intervention group received standard CPR training plus specific tuition on the characteristics of agonal breathing. Two weeks after initial training, the students' ability to recognise cardiac arrest was tested using a simulated cardiac arrest victim demonstrating normal, absent or agonal breathing. Diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity and specificity for the decision to start CPR was calculated. Sixty-four students were equally randomised to intervention and control groups. The intervention group had greater diagnostic accuracy for cardiac arrest compared to the control group (90% versus 78%, P=0.03). The intervention group were more likely to recognise cardiac arrest correctly and initiate CPR than the control group (sensitivity 90% versus 78%, P=0.02). The improved results were predominantly due to recognition that agonal breathing is a sign of cardiac arrest (75% intervention group versus 43% control group, P=0.01). This study demonstrates improved diagnostic accuracy and sensitivity of "checking for signs of circulation" by teaching CPR providers to recognise agonal breathing as a sign of cardiac arrest.

A sign of cardiac arrest

A sign of cardiac arrest

Skin Manifestations of Organic Phosphate Insecticide Poisoning

Fatalities due to organic phosphate insecticide poisoning establish undeniable evidence of a relatively new and often baffling menace to public safety. If such tragedies, often occurring within minutes of the onset of symptoms, 1 are to be avoided, the physician must be aware of the manifestations of this disease, particularly before signs of cardiac arrest, acute abdomen, convulsions, or coma supervene. In the following case report, a dermatological finding is presented as a sign of chronic exposure to parathion, one of the more commonly used organic phosphate insecticides. Report of a Case The patient was a 25-year-old fireman complaining of periodic profuse sweating of the arms and back associated with mild pruritus of three weeks' duration. He had been well until he noted the onset of drenching hyperhidrosis occurring at work as well as at home. Roughness of the skin and mild pruritus followed. He revealed

Skin manifestations of organic phosphate insecticide poisoning.

Fatalities due to organic phosphate insecticide poisoning establish undeniable evidence of a relatively new and often baffling menace to public safety. If such tragedies, often occurring within minutes of the onset of symptoms, 1 are to be avoided, the physician must be aware of the manifestations of this disease, particularly before signs of cardiac arrest, acute abdomen, convulsions, or coma supervene. In the following case report, a dermatological finding is presented as a sign of chronic exposure to parathion, one of the more commonly used organic phosphate insecticides. Report of a Case The patient was a 25-year-old fireman complaining of periodic profuse sweating of the arms and back associated with mild pruritus of three weeks' duration. He had been well until he noted the onset of drenching hyperhidrosis occurring at work as well as at home. Roughness of the skin and mild pruritus followed. He revealed