Signs Of Anxiety Research Articles

Фармакотерапія психоемоційної сфери у стаціонарних хворих у ранньому періопераційному періоді

Вивчено ефективність розробленого нами способу нівелювання стану тривожності, заснованого на застосуванні ноотропного препарату Ноофен® 500, у хірургічних і травматологічних хворих у передопераційному періоді. У групі пацієнтів, у якій використовувалась запропонована методика (30 осіб), спостерігалась закономірна тенденція до нівелювання тривожного синдрому в 76,47 % хворих хірургічного та 69,2 % — травматологічного профілю, на той час як у пацієнтів, у яких даний середник не використовувався (20 осіб), ознаки особистісної та реактивної тривожності залишались на достатньо високих рівнях. Зроблено висновок, що запропонований спосіб корекції психоемоційного статусу виявив достатньо виражений клінічний ефект, його застосування дозволяє нівелювати основну вегетативно-соматичну складову тривоги і є доцільним у клінічній практиці.

A Study on Speaking Anxiety of English Education Study Program Students at the University of Palangka Raya

English-speaking anxiety is a specific phenomenon in the context of English language learning which has debilitating consequences on EFL learners’ speaking skills if the condition is severe. Focusing on this issue, this study was intended to describe the levels of speaking anxiety of English Education Study Program’s fourth-semester students who are taking Advanced English-Speaking Course at University of Palangka Raya. To obtain the objective, the data were collected through observation, questionnaire, and documentation. The result of data analysis revealed that the participants mostly experience a moderate speaking anxiety level because their average number of speaking anxiety signs as observed is 2, and their average FLSAS score from the questionnaire is 53.83. As evidenced by the data distribution, 15 participants (42.9%) have a moderate level, followed by 14 participants (40.0%) who have a low level and 6 participants (17.1%) who have a high level. Furthermore, it can be inferred that the higher the level of speaking anxiety is, the lower the speaking score they have. Concerning this result, it is suggested that the lecturers should formulate teaching strategies to help students reduce their speaking anxiety. Likewise, students should be active in finding ways to alleviate their speaking anxiety level.

Are There Postnatal Benefits to Prenatal Kick Counting? A Quasi-Experimental Longitudinal Study.

Mild signs of postpartum depression or anxiety are present in up to half of all new mothers. However, the impact of having the “baby blues” on infant development remains largely unknown. The current study explores a potential relation between mother’s self-reported depression or anxiety symptoms and infant’s motor development in a longitudinal sample of 50 mother-infant dyads. Further, we examine whether engaging in fetal kick counting during pregnancy may reduce maternal psychopathology symptoms and thereby positively influence infant motor development and parent-child engagement during the first months of life. We hypothesized that subclinical maternal psychopathology would negatively impact infant motor development, and that completing a fetal kick count activity during the third trimester would reduce overall signs of maternal psychopathology. Results only partially support these hypotheses. Postpartum maternal anxiety seems to negatively affect the emergence of infants’ fine motor skills. However, engaging in fetal kick counting during pregnancy did not reduce maternal depression or anxiety symptoms. Nevertheless, preliminary evidence suggests that engaging in fetal kick counting may impact early child development by altering the mother’s attitudes toward the child. Future research is needed to examine the value of this low-cost intervention strategy more closely.

Dog behaviours in veterinary consultations: Part II. The relationship between the behaviours of dogs and their owners

Dogs synchronise their behaviour with those of their owners when confronted with an unfamiliar situation and interactions with their owners have been shown to decrease the dog’s stress levels in some instances. However, whether owners may help manage dog anxiety during veterinary consultations remains unclear. In Part I, we compared the behaviour of dogs in the presence or absence of their owners during consultations, which consisted in three phases: exploration, examination, and greeting. Our findings suggest that allowing owners to attend consultations may be beneficial for dogs. In Part II, we investigated the direct relationship between owners’ actions and their dog’s behaviour. Using the videos from Part I, we examined whether: (1) dogs interact more when their owner is more interactive; (2) owners’ stress scores are related to canine stress-related behaviour and emotional state; (3) owners’ actions influence canine stress-related behaviours, emotional state and tolerance to manipulations; (4) canine stress-related behaviours and emotional state are associated with increased eye contact with their owners. We analysed the recordings of 29 dog-owner dyads submitted to a veterinary consultation in Part I. The behaviours of the dogs and their owners were analysed, and their emotional states were scored. The ease of manipulations was also scored.Despite limitations (e.g. no physical contact during examinations, no invasive procedures, aggressive dogs excluded, no male owners, limited sample size), our study showed a link between dog and owner behaviours: when owners attended an examination, their negative behaviours intensified the signs of anxiety in their dogs. Additionally, visual and verbal attempts to comfort their dog had no significant effect. However, we observed that the more dogs displayed stress-related behaviours, the more they established eye contact with their owners, suggesting that dogs seek information (through social referencing) or reassurance from their owners.

Des psychologues en milieu hospitalier lors de la crise sanitaire de la Covid-19 : mieux comprendre leur vécu à l’aide du concept de générativité

IntroductionDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, everyone was confronted with their finitude, risking a crisis of meaning. Considering with Erikson (1950) that generativity is a great vector of meaning in life, which allows an individual to ensure the continuity of society through transmission and care, caregivers usually have a higher generativity score than the general population (Grossman & Gruenewald, 2017). This study then looks for signs of generativity among caregivers, hypothesising that it was particularly mobilised during this health crisis. PurposeThe purpose of this study is to explore the experiences of psychologists working in hospitals on somatic wards in order to identify the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and signs of generativity. MethodIn this exploratory, qualitative, prospective, multicenter study, nine psychologists working in hospital wards were interviewed individually to explore their experiences during a semi-structured interview. ResultsThe markers of existential crisis linked to COVID-19, such as signs of exhaustion and anxiety, were prominent in their discourse. Strong elements of generativity are also found in the interviews. This reflects the testing of their resources. ConclusionGenerativity allowed adaptation during the crisis but does not seem to be sufficient to protect against exhaustion and existential crisis.

Friendship quality among autistic and non-autistic (pre-) adolescents: Protective or risk factor for mental health?

Autistic (pre-) adolescents are often misunderstood by their peers, which can lead to challenges within their friendships. Yet, friendships play an important role in our psychological wellbeing, whereby in the non-autistic population good quality friendships usually protect against mental health difficulties, whereas conflictual friendships increase the risk. The present study investigated positive and negative friendship quality in autistic and non-autistic (pre-) adolescents. Furthermore, the relations between positive friendship quality and negative friendship quality with anxiety and depressive symptoms were examined. Participants were 306 autistic and non-autistic (pre-) adolescents aged 9–16 (M = 11.69 years; SD = 1.33 years). Our results demonstrated that autistic (pre-) adolescents reported lower positive friendship quality than their non-autistic peers, while no group or gender differences were observed for negative friendship quality than non-autistic boys. For the whole sample, positive friendship quality was associated with fewer depressive symptoms, while the opposite was true for negative friendship quality. For autistic girls only, higher positive friendship quality was related to more symptoms of anxiety. These outcomes seem to emphasize the need for supporting the friendships of autistic young people, perhaps by educating non-autistic young people around how to be supportive friends to their autistic peers.Lay abstractAutistic young people are often misunderstood by non-autistic young people, and this can lead to difficulties in their friendships. We know that friendship is very important for our mental health. For non-autistic young people, having good friendships is linked to better mental health and having problems in friendship can cause mental health problems. This study aimed to compare the positive and negative features of friendship that autistic non-autistic young people experience. The study also aimed to understand if having positive or negative friendship features is related to signs of mental health problems (anxiety and depression). 306 young people aged 9–16 took part in this study. These were 86 autistic boys, 18 autistic girls, 91 non-autistic boys and 111 non-autistic girls. The findings of this study showed that autistic young people have less positive friendship features than non-autistic young people. For all young people in the study, having more positive friendship features was related to fewer signs of depression, while having more negative friendship features was related to more signs of depression. Just for autistic girls, having more positive friendship features was related to more signs of anxiety. These findings show that support is needed to help autistic young people have more positive friendships. For example, by teaching non-autistic young people how to be supportive friends to their autistic peers.

A prospective study of associations between early fearfulness and perceptual sensitivity and later restricted and repetitive behaviours in infants with typical and elevated likelihood of autism.

Autism is diagnosed based on social and communication difficulties, restricted and repetitive behaviours and sensory anomalies. Existing evidence indicates that anxiety and atypical sensory features are associated with restricted and repetitive behaviours, but cannot clarify the order of emergence of these traits. This study uses data from a prospective longitudinal study of infants with and without a family history of autism (N = 247; Elevated Likelihood N = 170 and Typical Likelihood N = 77). Longitudinal cross-lag models tested bidirectional pathways between parent-rated infant fear/shyness and perceptual sensitivity at 8, 14 and 24 months, and associations between these domains and parent-rated restricted and repetitive behaviours and social communication scores at 36 months. In addition to within-domain continuity, higher levels of fear/shyness at 14 months were associated with higher levels of perceptual sensitivity at 24 months. Higher levels of both fear/shyness and perceptual sensitivity at 24 months were associated with greater restricted and repetitive behaviours and social communication scores at 36 months. Results demonstrate the directionality of developmental pathways between fear/shyness and perceptual sensitivity in infancy and toddlerhood, but question theories that argue that these domains specifically underlie restricted and repetitive behaviours rather than autism. Identifying how early emerging anxiety and sensory behaviours relate to later autism is important for understanding pathways and developing targeted support for autistic children.Lay abstractRestricted interests and repetitive behaviours are central to the diagnosis of autism and can have profound effects on daily activities and quality of life. These challenges are also linked to other co-occurring conditions such as anxiety and sensory sensitivities. Here, we looked at whether early emerging signs of anxiety and sensory problems appear before symptoms of autism by studying infants with a family history of autism, as these infants are more likely to develop autism themselves. Studying infant siblings provides an opportunity for researchers to focus on early developmental markers of autism as these infants can be followed from birth. This study found that early infant signs of anxiety (e.g. fear/shyness) predicted later perceptual sensitivity, and those infants who scored higher on fear/shyness and sensitivity were more likely to experience more persistent repetitive behaviours, but also social and communication difficulties in toddlerhood. Early signs of anxiety and perceptual sensitivity may thus relate to both later social difficulties and repetitive behaviours. These findings support the importance of further research exploring the causal links between these domains in relation to autism, resulting in increased understanding of children who go onto develop autism in the future and guiding early interventions and supports.

Conventional laboratory housing increases morbidity and mortality in research rodents: results of a meta-analysis

BackgroundOver 120 million mice and rats are used annually in research, conventionally housed in shoebox-sized cages that restrict natural behaviours (e.g. nesting and burrowing). This can reduce physical fitness, impair thermoregulation and reduce welfare (e.g. inducing abnormal stereotypic behaviours). In humans, chronic stress has biological costs, increasing disease risks and potentially shortening life. Using a pre-registered protocol (https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/17955), this meta-analysis therefore tested the hypothesis that, compared to rodents in ‘enriched’ housing that better meets their needs, conventional housing increases stress-related morbidity and all-cause mortality.ResultsComprehensive searches (via Ovid, CABI, Web of Science, Proquest and SCOPUS on May 24 2020) yielded 10,094 publications. Screening for inclusion criteria (published in English, using mice or rats and providing ‘enrichments’ in long-term housing) yielded 214 studies (within 165 articles, using 6495 animals: 59.1% mice; 68.2% male; 31.8% isolation-housed), and data on all-cause mortality plus five experimentally induced stress-sensitive diseases: anxiety, cancer, cardiovascular disease, depression and stroke. The Systematic Review Center for Laboratory animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) tool assessed individual studies’ risks of bias. Random-effects meta-analyses supported the hypothesis: conventional housing significantly exacerbated disease severity with medium to large effect sizes: cancer (SMD = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.54–0.88); cardiovascular disease (SMD = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.35–1.09); stroke (SMD = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.59–1.15); signs of anxiety (SMD = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.56–1.25); signs of depression (SMD = 1.24, 95% CI = 0.98–1.49). It also increased mortality rates (hazard ratio = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.25–1.74; relative median survival = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.89–0.94). Meta-regressions indicated that such housing effects were ubiquitous across species and sexes, but could not identify the most impactful improvements to conventional housing. Data variability (assessed via coefficient of variation) was also not increased by ‘enriched’ housing.ConclusionsConventional housing appears sufficiently distressing to compromise rodent health, raising ethical concerns. Results also add to previous work to show that research rodents are typically CRAMPED (cold, rotund, abnormal, male-biased, poorly surviving, enclosed and distressed), raising questions about the validity and generalisability of the data they generate. This research was funded by NSERC, Canada.

Risk of anxiety and depression in patients with lichen planus: A nationwide population-based study

BackgroundThis study aims to determine the risk of developing anxiety and/or depression among patients with lichen planus. MethodsBased on the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database of Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, a total of 4012 patients with lichen planus and 16,048 matched controls (1:4) were enrolled between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2015. After controlling for the risk variables, multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression and the log-rank test with Kaplan-Meier method were performed to assess the influence of anxiety/depression among individuals with lichen planus under a maximum follow-up period of 16 years. ResultsThe subsequent anxiety or depression incidence of the lichen planus group and the comparisons was 19.67% (1962.70 per 105 person-years) and 10.11% (982.23 per 105person-years), respectively. Additionally, after adjustment of the risk variables, the hazard ratios for anxiety, depression, anxiety without depression, depression without anxiety, anxiety or depression, and both anxiety and depression combined were 1.779 (95%CI: 1.289–2.477, p < 0.001), 2.010 (95%CI: 1.454–2.790, p < 0.001), 2.015 (95%CI: 1.463–2.799, p < 0.001), 2.356 (95%CI: 1.705–3.286, p < 0.001), 2.011 (95%CI: 1.457–2.793, p < 0.001), and 1.515 (95%CI: 1.100–2.134, p < 0.001), respectively. LimitationsIndividuals with lichen planus were unable to be classified into oral subtype and cutaneous subtype based on the ICD-9-CM. Moreover, the results of our study could not demonstrate the mechanism between lichen planus and anxiety and/or depression. ConclusionPatients with lichen planus was positively associated with developing anxiety or depression. Physicians should to be aware of the signs of anxiety and/or depression while facing the patients with lichen planus during the clinical practices.

Состояние когнитивных функций при COVID-19 в остром и восстановительном периодах

Study Objective: To identify the impact from the pneumonia-complicated COVID-19 coronavirus infection over patients’ cognitive functions. Study design: Perspective study. Materials and Methods. We examined 32 patients with COVID from the study group on days 2–3, 8–10 in inpatient settings, after 2 months of hospitalisation vs 30 healthy controls. Cognitive functions were evaluated using the following neuropsychologic tests: Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), The Clock-drawing Test (CDT). Signs of anxiety and depression were screened using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Study Results. During the acute and recovery periods, patients from the study group demonstrated statistically significant cognitive disorders as per MMSE, MoCA, FAB vs controls (p &lt; 0.001). On days 2–3 and 8–10 in inpatient settings, MMSE was 22 [22; 29] and 22 [19.2; 23.7] points; MoCA — 26 [21; 28] and 21 [18; 23] points, FAB — 13 [10; 18] and 10 [8; 12] points; in 2 months after hospitalisation, MMSE was 29 [26.8; 30] points (р = 0.008 vs days 2–3 and 8–10), MoCA — 25 [22; 27] points (р = 0.03 vs days 8–10), FAB — 16 [14.5; 17] points (р = 0.004 and р = 0.02). The condition of cognitive functions measured during the acute period of the disease worsened even more by days 8–10 of hospitalisation and tended to normalise in 2 months. As per HADS, there were no abnormal findings; therefore, the patients were neither anxious, nor depressed, and the median was 8 points. СDT values were normal as well, both in acute period and during recovery. Conclusion. The coronavirus infection impacts the cognitive status. For cognitive dysfunctions, neuroprotectives and non-drug cognitive rehabilitation can be recommended. Cognitive dysfunctions are quite an expected independent syndrome, the course of which is not directly associated with somatic recovery. Keywords: COVID-19, cognitive disorders, coronavirus infection, pandemic.

PSYCHOVEGETATIVE SYNDROME AS A CLINICAL MANIFESTATION OF ADAPTATION DISORDERS IN SENIOR MEDICAL STUDENTS

The objective of the paper was the verification of psychosomatic disorders against the background of disadaptation among senior medical students. Materials and Methods. We used screening and psychometric diagnostic methods to examine 292 4th-year students, 181 (62 %) of whom showed signs of disorders relating to psychological and emotional adjustment to the stressful influence of external irritants against the background of somatic symptoms. We used the standardized Spielberger–Hanin, Zung, Cohen, and Nijmegen questionnaires and anamnestic data for the in-depth questionnaire in our research. Results. When assessing the overall results of the psychometric screening, we found that more than half of the 4th-year students surveyed (62 %) had some signs of adjustment disorders. According to the Spielberger questionnaire, 43.65 % of students in the main group (n = 181) showed signs of increased state anxiety. The majority of young people showed signs of trait anxiety, among whom 53.04 % had severe anxiety disorders and 41.99 % had moderate anxiety disorders. According to the Zung questionnaire, 17 people showed signs of depression. The Cophen scale assessment revealed a high number of young people with low stress tolerance among respondents. We found that among 181 students, 35.36 % had a satisfactory result (6.8 ± 1.43 units) and 50.28 % had a poor result (28.2 ± 1.18 units). The remaining 10 students in this group had a very poor result (36.5 ± 2.16 units). 48 students in the main group showed positive results according to the Nijmegen questionnaire. On the background of the detected changes, psychosomatic symptoms were established in most students, which can act as a marker of a non-adaptive type of autonomic reaction. Conclusions. Screening assessment of medical students with the use of standardized questionnaires makes it possible to detect manifestations of psychovegetative dysfunction, disadaptation syndrome against the background of psychosomatic symptoms.

Alpha-Stim AID Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation (CES) for Anxiety Treatment: Outcomes in a Community Healthcare Service

Background: Symptoms of anxiety disorders are highly common and can have a severe impact on people’s lives; they are typically treated with psychotherapy and/or anti-anxiety medication. These treatments are not suitable for, acceptable to, or effective for everyone. Alpha-Stim AID is a cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES) device with evidence of effectiveness in treating symptoms of anxiety. In this study, Alpha-Stim AID was offered through a United Kingdom (UK) universal community healthcare provider, Intermediate Care Team (ICT) community healthcare service to patients who reported signs of anxiety. Objective: The aim of this paper is to present feasibility findings and outcomes on anxiety, health status, and quality of life. Methods: Open-label patient cohort design, with no control group. Participants were adults who reported symptoms of anxiety and were under the care of universal national health service (NHS) Intermediate Care Team (ICT) community healthcare service in the United Kingdom (UK). Pre- and post-intervention assessment used participant self-report measures: generalised anxiety disorder (GAD-7) and health related quality of life (EQ-5D-5L). The three ICT staff members who offered the Alpha-Stim AID to patients completed a questionnaire on their experience. Results: Eighteen patients used the Alpha-Stim and completed outcome measures. GAD-7 scores significantly improved from 13.9 (SD = 4.3) to 7.3 (SD = 5.7) (p p = 0.036), with a small effect size of 0.12. EQ-VAS scores at baseline improved from 49.2 (SD = 24.0) to 64.4 (SD = 26.2) at the end (p = 0.05), with a small effect size of 0.12. Limitations: There was no control group, and the intervention was adjunct to existing treatments. Conclusions: Alpha-Stim AID CES can be offered through a UK NHS Trust Intermediate Care Team (ICT) community healthcare service and can have a significant positive impact on symptoms of anxiety, quality of life, and health status in patients who report experience of anxiety symptoms. Roll-out through community mental health providers to people with experience of anxiety symptoms is feasible. An appropriately designed and sufficiently powered randomised controlled trial of Alpha-stim for anxiety is required.

Поведенческие аномалии в генетической модели миодистрофии Дюшенна у мышей

Mutations in the Dmd gene encoding the membrane protein dystrophin are associated with the development of severe X-linked muscle diseases Duchenne and Becker myodystrophy. At the same time, along with the classic symptoms of striated muscles, dystrophin mutations can lead to a decrease in cognitive functions and behavioral abnormalities. Objective: conducting a pilot analysis of behavioral and cognitive characteristics in mice with a genetic defect that reproduces the phenotype of Duchenne myodystrophy. Materials and methods. To assess the features of motor functions and behavior, DmdDel8-34(n=13) and control animals of the wild type (n=12) were subjected to research in the tests "Load retention", "Rotarod", "Elevated plus maze" and "Object recognition". Results. It was found that mice carrying the DmdDel8-34 mutation are characterized by a decrease in motor functions, show signs of anxiety, and also show low exploratory activity. The detected features of the cognitive and emotional status are consistent with clinical observations indicating an increased risk of developing autism spectrum disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorder in patients with Dmd gene mutations. Thus, it was proved that from the 8th week of life, mice of the DmdDel8-34 line show a decrease in performance in the Rotarod and Load Retention tests. Behavioral testing in the Elevated Plus Maze test revealed a decrease in time reaching a statistically significant difference compared to the wild-type control at week 12, and when assessing cognitive functions in the Object Recognition test, it was shown that DmdDel8-34mice show an increase in the discrimination index value, which is a sign of increased efficiency of hippocampal memory. Conclusion. The study made it possible to identify some behavioral anomalies in genetically modified mice carrying a large deletion of exons 8-34 of the Dmd gene encoding dystrophin.

Morphological features of non-traumatic intramuscular hemorrhage

The formation of non-traumatic intramuscular hemorrhages does not depend on the cause of death. They usually occur in the muscles attached to the rib cage, which are or may be involved in the inhalation process (84.6%). More often, non-respiratory muscles are damaged (66%), less often auxiliary respiratory muscles (15.5%), extremely rarely - the main respiratory muscles (3.3%). In hypothermia, the majority of hemorrhages are formed in the iliopsoas muscles (13.9%). The main reason for the appearance of hemorrhages is muscle overstrain in the agonal period due to increased respiratory activity and seizures. The motor activity of the upper extremities during drowning, prolonged static muscle tension during hypothermia may matter. A microscopic picture usually indicates the formation of hemorrhages shortly before death, and occasionally signs of anxiety are noted.

Life of patients with cerebellar ataxia: A systematic review

Objectives: Conduct a literature search for scientific tests concerning treatment combined with well-being in cerebellar ataxias using electronic data sources. Methods: A search was conducted organized by scientific tests worried about the treatment allied to well-being in cerebellar ataxias using the electronic data sources PubMed, Medline, Embase, Cinahl and Pedro, and listings of recommendations of articles, from 1980 to December 2011, including in English and Dutch. Results: Information suggests that physical treatment, when included in occupational treatment, may improve international practical reputation, just as treatment at work alone may decrease signs of anxiety (grade 3). Conclusion: We have found some care for performing physical and work treatment, but other studies are necessary to create medical technique suggestions.

ПСИХО-ЕМОЦІЙНІ АСПЕКТИ ФОРМУВАННЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК БОЛЬОВИХ СИНДРОМІВ У ХВОРИХ НА РОЗСІЯНИЙ СКЛЕРОЗ

Introduction: Pain syndromes, anxiety, and depression are common syndromes in multiple sclerosis (MS). Comorbidity of pain and depression or pain and anxiety exists in up to one-third of MS patients. Based on the biopsychosocial model of pain, given the high prevalence of these symptoms and their frequent combination in MS, which is significantly higher than in the general population, we can hypothesize the relationship between the characteristics of pain and anxiety and depression in patients with MS. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of anxiety and depression among MS patients with pain syndromes and analyze the relationship between anxiety and depression with pain syndromes' characteristics in patients with MS. Methods: Data were collected prospectively at Lviv Regional Multiple Sclerosis Center. 120 randomly selected patients with a confirmed diagnosis of multiple sclerosis were examined. 104 of them had pain syndromes during the last month. Complaints and medical history, analysis of medical records, neurological and general medical examination of the patients were collected. Depressive symptoms and anxiety were assessed in all patients using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire. In patients with pain syndromes, the Visual analogue scale (VAS), Short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire 2 (SF-MPQ-2), Pain Detect were used to assess pain characteristics. Results: The levels of anxiety and depression were higher in the group of MS patients with pain. The level of anxiety was 9.0 [6,0; 12,75] in the group with pain and 7.0 [4,0; 9,25] in the group without pain (p=0.04). The level of depression was 7.0 [4,0; 10,0] in the group with pain and 4.0 [1,75; 6,0] in the group without pain (p&lt;0,01). It was found that part of MS patients with pain syndromes with anxiety was 36.5%, and 29.8% had a subclinical level of anxiety; part of MS patients with pain syndromes with depression was 19.23%. The proportion of patients with anxiety was highest in patients with neuropathic pain: 56.3% ± 8.8% vs. 22.4% ± 6.0% with nociceptive, p&lt;0.01. A similar situation is observed in patients with depression. The share of patients with depression was higher in the group with neuropathic pain 37.5% ± 8.6%, compared to 14.3% ± 5.0% with nociceptive, p=0.02. The proportion of patients with MS without signs of anxiety and depression is significantly higher among patients with nociceptive pain (p&lt;0,05). Also, the correlational relationship between the level of anxiety and depression with the level of the neuropathic type of pain manifestation was found (r=0,40; p&lt;0,01 and r=0,30; p&lt;0,01). Levels of anxiety and depression correlated with the average pain intensity per month (r = 0,21; p=0,03) and did not have a statistically significant relationship with pain intensity at the time of examination and the strongest pain for the last month. The anxiety and depression had correlations with all components of the structure of pain syndromes (according to sfMPQ-2), but the most pronounced direct correlation was found between anxiety and the affective component of pain (r=0,57; p&lt;0,01). It was also found that the level of anxiety was proved to be higher in patients who have 2-3 pain syndromes, than in patients with one pain syndrome: 12.0 [8,0; 14,0] points against 8.0 [5,0; 11,0] points, p&lt;0.01. Besides, this localization of pain in the arms, shoulders and back was related to higher levels of anxiety (r=0.22; p=0.03). Conclusion: Pain syndromes, anxiety, and depression are widespread among patients with MS and there is a relationship between them. MS patients with pain have higher levels of anxiety and depression than MS patients without pain. It is also noteworthy that among MS patients with pain syndromes, high levels of anxiety are detected. Anxiety and depression also have a pronounced relationship with a neuropathic component of pain in patients with MS. Besides this, the presence of more than one pain syndrome, high average pain intensity per month is associated with higher levels of anxiety and depression. The localization of pain in the arms, shoulders and back is related to higher anxiety levels. These discoveries, combined with modern neuroimaging technologies used in the next step of our study, will provide a better understanding of both pain and its structure, as well as anxiety and depression

Comparative Study of Efficacy of Jatamansi (Nardostachys jatamansi DC) and Imipramine in Generalized Anxiety Disorder (G.A.D.): A Randomized Controlled Double Blind Clinical Trial

Background: Onset of G.A.D. is related with bigger excessiveness and uncontrolled worry, along with more chronic course and more severe life mutilation.Individuals suffering from G.A.D. are at high risk of bothered mental health, social functioning, and overall physical &amp;mental well being. Limited long-term efficacy of anxiolytic drugs has shown by clinical trials but drowsiness, dependency, impaired cognition and memory and sexual dysfunction like loss of libido are common adverse side effects of these drugs. Nardostachys jatamansi is a reputed Ayurvedic herb useful for treatment of various disorders mainly central nervous disorders. Various preclinical and clinical studies had proven anxiolytic activity of Jatamansi. Hence present study is planned to assess effects of Jatamansiin Generalized Anxiety Disorder.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: Presentdouble-blind randomized control clinical study involves two groups with 38 subjects each. Group A (Study Group) will be treated with administration of Tab. Jatamansi in the dose of 1000 mg B.D. orally with water. Group B (Control Group)will betreated with administration of Tab. Imipramine 75 mg H.S. orallyfor 60 days. Assessment parameter will be anxiety score based on symptoms of Generalized Anxiety Disorder. H.A.M.-A. Scale, G.A.D. – 7 Scale, Manas Bhava and Oxidative Stress. Primary outcome of study is improvement in the sign and symptoms of anxiety with reduction in anxiety scale score.

Promoting Student Wellness and Self-Care During COVID 19: The Role of Institutional Wellness

Stress and burnout are serious and growing threats to the mental health of medical trainees. Recent estimates of burnout in medical students and residents are quite high, with more than half displaying signs of stress, anxiety and depression. The COVID-19 pandemic has only heightened the state of poor mental health in these student populations. It is the position of LSU Health Shreveport Office of Institutional Wellness that a critical need exists for academic institutions to evaluate challenges to self-care and wellbeing in medical trainees. Such evaluations may pave the way for the development of effective institutional wellness initiatives and strategies, with the goal of reducing barriers to self-care to promote better mental and physical health, and facilitate improved quality of life in medical students and residents.

Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Prospective Clinical Trial Evaluating the Efficacy of the Assisi Anti-anxiety Device (Calmer Canine) for the Treatment of Canine Separation Anxiety.

Introduction: Separation anxiety (SA) is among the most common canine behavior disorders and affects quality-of-life for dogs and their owners. Dogs with SA show signs of anxiety during absence or perceived absence of their owners. While psychoactive medications are often helpful for treating SA, dog and human factors may limit their utility. This study explored the efficacy of a pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) device for treatment of canine SA.Materials and Methods: In this double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study, a screening questionnaire and baseline video confirmed the diagnosis of SA. Owners treated their dog with the device twice daily for 6 weeks, completed weekly questionnaires, and noted adverse events. Videos were taken of the dog while alone at weeks 4 and 6. Behaviors were coded and categorized as negative and positive. Questionnaire and video data at weeks 4 and 6 were compared to baseline.Results: Forty client-owned dogs with moderate to severe SA completed the study. There were no differences between groups for age, weight, or sex. In owner questionnaires, no difference in behavior or overall score was found between the active and sham groups (p > 0.05). Videos of the active group compared to the sham group showed significant reduction in negative behaviors by week 6 (p = 0.036) and higher percentage of success at week 4 (Z = 2.83, p = 0.005), at week 6 (Z = 1.65, p = 0.098), and across the full study (Z = 1.99, p = 0.047). Adverse events were reported in eight dogs (6 active, 2 sham); all resolved and were unlikely to be related to treatment.Discussion: This study supports the efficacy and safety of this PEMF device for treatment of SA in dogs. Questionnaire results may not be sensitive enough to detect subtle negative behavioral states compared to video, and may not capture other owner observed behavioral changes. A caregiver placebo effect may account for some improvement seen in both groups. Video data appear better for diagnosis and monitoring dog's behavior when left alone. Future studies should assess PEMF's impact on other anxieties or combination of anxiety disorders in dogs.

Mindfulness-Based Program for Anxiety and Depression Treatment in Healthcare Professionals: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

In primary health care, the work environment can cause high levels of anxiety and depression, triggering relevant expert and individual change. Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) programs reduce signs of anxiety and depression. The purpose of this sub-analysis of the total project, was to equate the effectiveness of the standard MBSR curriculum with the abbreviated version in minimizing anxiety and depression. This randomized controlled clinical trial enrolled 112 mentors and resident specialists from Family and Community Medicine and Nurses (FCMN), distributed across six teaching units (TU) of the Spanish National Health System (SNHS). Experimental group participants received a MBRS training (abbreviated/standard). Depression and anxiety levels were measured with the Goldberg Anxiety and Depression Scale (GADS) at three different time periods during the analysis: before (pre-test) and after (post-test) participation, as well as 3 months after the completion of intervention. Taking into account the pre-test scores as the covariate, an adjusted analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) showed significant depletion in anxiety and depression in general (F (2.91) = 4.488; p = 0.014; η2 = 0.090) and depression in particular (F (2, 91) = 6.653; p = 0.002; η2 = 0.128 at the post-test visit, maintaining their effects for 3 months (F (2.79) = 3.031; p = 0.050; η2 = 0.071—F (2.79) = 2.874; p = 0.049; η2 = 0.068, respectively), which is associated with the use of a standard training program. The abbreviated training program did not have a significant effect on the level of anxiety and depression. The standard MBSR training program had a positive effect on anxiety and depression and promotes long-lasting effects in tutors and resident practitioners. New research is needed to demonstrate the effectiveness of abbreviated versions of training programs.