Significant Weight Reduction Research Articles

Electroacupuncture Reduces Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Obese Mice by Activating the Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathways and Repairing the Intestinal Barrier.

Electroacupuncture (EA) is used to treat inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Nevertheless, the precise mechanisms by which this approach safeguards against obesity-induced intestinal barrier damage has not been fully understood. This study aimed to assess whether EA could ameliorate intestinal barrier damage that had been reversed in a mouse model of obesity induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) and whether this repair is correlated with ferroptosis and gut microbiota enhancement. To assess the potential of EA to prevent obesity and restore the intestinal barrier, we divided in C57BL/6J mice into two groups; one was fed with HFD and another one with a normal diet. Samples of stool, blood, fat, and intestinal epithelium were then evaluated, along with body weight. Following EA, we observed a significant reduction in body weight, fat accumulation, and serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels; an increase was seen in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. EA also activated the Nrf2 signaling pathway; upregulated the expression of GPX4, FTH1, and SLC7A11; and downregulated the expression of TFR1. In addition, the administration of EA resulted in a notable modification of the gut microbiota composition, characterized by a decrease in the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio. EA had beneficial effects on weight loss and showed potential ability to repair the intestinal barrier by activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway, inhibiting intestinal inflammation and ferroptosis, and regulating the intestinal microbiota to treat IBD caused by HFD-induced obesity.

The Result of Different Kinds of Weight Loss Surgeries in Obese Patients at Kirkuk City

Objective: Our study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of obese patients undergoing weight loss surgeries in Kirkuk City. Background: We can define Obesity as a common factor in the contemporary world. Obesity is a major factor in cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and renal disease. It was also linked to various comorbidities. Weight loss surgery has beneficial effects on both Obesity and comorbidities. Patients and methods: This paper examines weight loss surgeries for obese patients using data collected from Baghdad, Iraq, between 16 January 2019 and 15 December 2022. By studying the outcomes of 122 patients, including 89 women (73%) and 33 men (27%), we developed the methodology to assess outcomes; each patient underwent one of several weight-reduction procedures. Results and discussion: Obesity is a severe health problem, and according to Epidemiological studies, Obesity affects approximately 400 million people worldwide. Females outnumbered males in all categories, possibly because women are more susceptible to psychological difficulties and more concerned about the aesthetic implications of Obesity. As a result, our study detected that women have more Obesity than males, where women were 89 and males had 33 cases of 122. Laparoscopic sleeve surgery is considered the most common surgery in the world (LGS), which is well-established in the treatment of morbid Obesity and has a significant impact on weight loss and the risk of comorbidities. This technique resulted in significant weight reduction. Previous studies indicated that having a high BMI increases the risk of operational mortality and complications. Due to that, the Ur study found that laparoscopic gastric sleeve (LGS) got the most cases with 75 of 122 patients. Also, our outcomes found that infections were the highest score of 11 patients who had complications, where there may be an increased risk of site infections. Conclusion: A range of weight loss procedures was employed in Kirkuk City to address morbid Obesity, with all procedures resulting in successful weight loss outcomes. However, LMGB patients showed the most significant benefits.

Spermatogenic Inhibition Properties of a Phenolic Phytoestrogen Isolated from Momordica charantia (Bitter Guard) Seeds

Mechanisms and potencies of phytoestrogens are not completely clarified and they may be considered potential endocrine disruptors, and therefore caution should be exercised while taking them. Eating very high levels of some phytoestrogens may pose some health risks. Reproductive problems have been documented in laboratory animals, farm animals and wildlife that ate very high (up to 100% of their diet) amounts of phytoestrogen-rich plants. Sheep consuming large amounts of clover showed infertility and reproductive disorders. Cheetahs in captivity also had reduced fertility rates when consuming a feline diet composed of a soybean product, which was reversed when it was removed from the diet. Toxicities associated with herbal medicines that include phytoestrogens have also been reported in the literature.
 Phenolphthalein a phenolic phytoestrogen has been isolated from the crude ethanol extract of Momordica charantia Linn. seeds. After preparative HPLC whitish amorphous compound was obtained. Its structural elucidation using IR, NMR and Mass spectral data revealed that the molecule isolated from the ethanol extract of M. charantia seeds was surprisingly, phenolphthalein. In order to clarify testicular influence of ethanol extract, fractions and isolated phenolphthalein were treated for sixty days to adult male albino rats. All the treated groups showed statistically significant reduction in testis weight. On histological examinations of testis showed spermatogenic inhibition effect, as the number of spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids and spermatozoa were significantly decreased.

Ameliorative Effects of Orange Juice on Sodium Fluoride Induced Gastro-Hepatic Toxicity in Mice

Floride toxicity has been under discussion and investigations when taken in excess amounts. Floride leaching into the water bodies as a result of industrialization is a common issue facing most of the developing countries like Pakistan, India, Bangladesh etc. This leached fluoride has the ability to cause a myriad of disorders when incorporated in animal bodies. Objective: To find out the ameliorative effect of orange juice against toxic effects of sodium fluoride influencing damaging effect on liver and stomach. Methods: The mice were divided in six groups. The control group was only Nestle’s water, while different concentrations of sodium fluoride (2.50µg/g, 5.00µg/g and 7.50µg/g body weight) were prepared and administered orally in mice for 30 days. Then all treated groups were supplied with fresh natural orange juice for next 30 days to test its ameliorative potential. Results: The data revealed the significant reduction of body weight (p<0.001), stomach length, stomach diameter (p < 0.05) while hepato- somatic and gastro-somatic index increased (p < 0.05) in treated groups as compared to control group after sodium fluoride administration. Morphological studies revealed different abnormalities in treated groups such as spots on the liver and stomach, swelling of stomach, constriction of fundic and cardiac regions and lobes of liver. Conclusions: This study clearly revealed that sodium fluoride is potentially toxic to organs of albino mice, especially liver and stomach and that orange juice demonstrated ameliorative potential against the toxicity due to sodium fluoride.

Comparative Studies on Bio-Preservation of Fresh-Cut Tomatoes Using Garlic, Ginger and Lemongrass Infused in Coconut Oil

Food spoilage is a major issue in our economy today, especially due to global climate change. Recent climate trends have led to an increased deterioration of freshly cut fruits and vegetables and has resulted in series of food poisoning as well as other health risk. Aside this, food spoilage and deterioration has affected negatively on national economy as from farm to store, supply chains are struggling with a food waste issue. This research aimed at using bioproducts in reducing the spoilage rate of fresh-cut tomatoes using lemongrass oil, ginger oil and garlic oil under 28OC and 4OC ambient temperatures. The bio-products (ginger oil, garlic oil and lemon grass oil) were extracted using domestic methods with coconut oil as the base oil. The bio-products were applied on the freshly cut tomatoes once daily. Visual observations on some anatomical features of tomatoes such as cuticle, placenta and pericarp were used to study rate and spoilage duration of tomatoes, while weight of the tomatoes at intervals and microbiological parameters were used in analyzing the effectiveness of the bio- products in reducing tomatoes spoilage rate. After 96 hours of study, the results showed significant (p<0.05) reduction in tomatoes spoilage rate in ginger oil assisted tomatoes compared to other bio-products and the control. Signs of pericarp wrinkle, cuticle deterioration and placenta damage were observed in the control from 24 hours. Similarly, significant reduction in tomatoes weight were observed in the control tomatoes which indicated spoilage. High fungal and bacterial count was also observed in the control tomatoes and the microbes observed showed some similarities with previously identified microbes that are associated with fruit spoilage and food poisoning. This research showed that ginger oil, garlic oil and lemon grass oil could be effective in reducing spoilage in freshly cut tomatoes, however future studies should be conducted to investigate the affectivity of other bio- products in reducing fruit spoilage.

Spermatogenic arrest in guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) after administration of Abrus precatourius seeds

Abrus precatorius seeds are said to possess fertility regulating activity. Hence, the50% alcoholic extract of seeds at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg b.w. administered orally for 60 days to 03 groups (does wise) each includes 05 male Guniea pigs. First group served as control (vehicle treated). After 60 days of feeding of doses the body and genital organ weight were noted histopathological changes were observed in genital organs such as testes, epididymes and vasa deferentia and compared with control animals. The body and genital organ weight were not much affected. A significant weight reduction of genital organ was noted. At higher doses, an arrest of spermatogenesis was observed at various stages in sominiferous tubules. No mature spermatozoa could be seen in somniferous tubular lumen. The epididymes and vasa deferentia were also devoid of spermatozoa. It is concluded that at higher doses, the treated male G. pigs became a zoospermic. It is clearly indicated that the seeds of this plant has potentiality to arrest spermatogenesis in male and thus regulate the fertility of male animals.

Hepatoprotective effect of Pippali Ghrita, an Ayurvedic Formulation against Anti-Tubercular Drug Induced Hepatotoxicity in Wistar Rats

Combination chemotherapy of Isoniazid, Rifampicin, and Pyrazinamide is the preferred regimen for successful treatment of Tuberculosis (TB). The major complication of otherwise useful Anti-tubercular treatment (ATT) drugs is hepatic damage. There is lack of a definite effective treatment for the same in modern medicine. In view of this, the hepatoprotective activity of an Ayurvedic formulation, Pippali Ghrita (PG), was evaluated in anti-tubercular drug induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats. ATT drugs, viz., Isoniazid, Rifampicin, and Pyrazinamide were administered for 30 days to induce hepatotoxicity. Co-administration of PG in study group and Silymarin in standard control group was done for same duration. Hepatotoxicity was assessed on basis of ponderal parameters (body and liver weight) and biochemical parameters, viz., liver function parameters (Aspartate transaminase and Alanine transaminase), and oxidative stress parameters (Malondialdehyde and Superoxide dismutase). Results demonstrated significant increase in body weight and significant reduction in the liver weight, in study group and standard control group as compared to ATT control group. Likewise, significant reduction in liver function parameters and Malondialdehyde levels, with increase in Superoxide dismutase activity were observed, when compared to the ATT control group. The results indicated that co-administration of Pippali Ghrita for 30 days along with ATT prevented anti-tubercular drugs induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rat model.

Developmental exposure to cobalt chloride affected mouse testis via altered iron metabolism in adulthood

InroductionCobalt (Co) is known to interfere with iron (Fe) metabolism that is essential for differentiating male germ cells. Our aim was to study the effect of developmental chronic cobalt exposure on mouse testis through changes in iron homeostasis in adulthood. MethodsPregnant ICR mice were exposed to 75 mg (low dose) or 125 mg (high dose)/kg b.w. cobalt chloride (CoCl2) with drinking water for 3 days before delivery and treatment continued until postnatal day 90 of the pups. Age-matched control animals obtained regular tap water. Testes of control and Co-treated mice were processed for immunohistochemistry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Sperm count was performed. ResultsChronic CoCl2 administration resulted in significant dose-dependent Co accumulation in sera and testes of the exposed mice. Fe content also showed a significant increase in sera and testes compared to the untreated controls. Surprisingly, testes of low dose-treated mice had ∼ 2.7-fold higher Fe content compared to those exposed to the high dose. A significant dose-dependent reduction in relative testis weight by 18.8% and by 37.7% was found after treatment with low and high dose CoCl2, respectively was found. Our study demonstrated that developmental chronic exposure to CoCl2 affected cellular composition of the testis manifested by germ cell loss and low sperm count, accompanied by altered androgen response in Sertoli cells (loss of stage-specific expression of androgen receptor). A possible mechanism involved is iron accumulation in the testis that was associated with altered ferroportin-hepcidin localization in seminiferous tubules depleted in germ cells. As a protective mechanism for germ cells in condition of iron excess, ferroportin was distributed in Sertoli cells around elongating spermatids. Similar changes in expression of transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) and divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) implied that both factors of testicular Fe homeostasis are closely related. Outside the seminiferous tubules, Leydig cells localized ferroportin, hepcidin, DMT1 and TfR1 thus they could be considered as a main site for iron metabolism. ConclusionOur data suggest that Co exerts its effects on the testis by indirect mechanism possibly through alteration in Fe homeostasis.

The Comparison between Anthropometry and Quality of Life among Middle-Aged Population in Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.

Ramadan fasting refers to 29 or 30 days of mandatory fasting practice among Muslims. Muslims fast from sunrise to dusk and abstain from various activities, including eating, drinking, sexual activity, smoking, and taking medication. Growing evidence showed the potential effect of Ramadhan fasting as one of strategies to reduce weight. However, limited studies investigated its effects on variables such as anthropometry and quality of life among middle-aged population. The aim of this study is to compare the anthropometry and quality of life before and during Ramadan among community-dwelling middle-aged population in the age range of 35 to 65 years old in Kuala Nerus, Terengganu. This prospective observational study was carried out from March 2023 to April 2023 involving 110 participants in Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia. Anthropometry measurement such as weight (kg), height (cm), body mass index (kg/m²), waist circumference (cm), body fat percentage (%), total muscle mass (kg), and total body water (%) was measured using a weighing scale, stadiometer, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and measuring tape respectively. Short Form 36 questionnaire (SF-36) was used to measure the level of quality of life among the participants. Findings showed significant reductions in weight (kg) (67.1±13.0 vs 69.8±13.3, p<0.001), body mass index (kg/m2) (26.1±4.4 vs27.6±4.5, p<0.001), waist circumference (cm) (91.2±15.1 vs 94.9±15.32, p<0.001), body fat percentage (%) (28.2±8.9 vs 30.1±8.78, p<0.001), and muscle mass (kg) (45.3±9.1 vs 45.9±9.4, p=0.016) during Ramadhan as compared to before Ramadhan. There were also significant improvements in various aspects of quality of life observed during Ramadan compared to before, including physical functioning (86.1±12.3 vs 79.1±15.1, p<0.001), physical health (80.8±20.9 vs 66.6±34.1, p<0.001), emotional problems (89.0±17.3 vs 75.4±31.7, p<0.001), social functioning (84.5±13.9 vs 73.9±15.5, p<0.001), pain (83.3±14.8 vs 70.2±18.7, p<0.001), general health (84.3±13.0 vs 70.4±17.8, p<0.001) and (79.7±8.4 vs 76.4±10.9, p=0.044). Correlational analysis found that higher total body water during Ramadan fasting was positive correlated with higher energy levels (p=0.015). This study’s limitation is that these findings confine to local population. Future studies should involve a larger population to understand better on the health benefits of Ramadan fasting.

Lightweight and Efficient: Exploring Low-Weight Bipolar Plates for Alkaline PEM Fuel Cells

Alkaline proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells have the potential to be highly efficient and environmentally sustainable energy sources. However, the performance and durability of these fuel cells are dependent to some extent on the bipolar plates used in their design. Bipolar plates play a crucial role in the electrochemical reactions within the fuel cell, and their design and material selection can greatly impact the efficiency and lifespan of the fuel cell.This study focuses on three key aspects of developing efficient and durable bipolar plates for alkaline PEM fuel cells. Firstly, the study emphasizes the importance of optimizing bipolar plate design and flow field to enhance the power output and limiting current density of the fuel cell. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are employed to optimize the flow field design, which is found to be crucial in determining the performance of the fuel cell. The optimized flow field design enhances the current density and reduces the pressure drop, resulting in improved fuel cell efficiency.Secondly, the study investigates the potential of low-weight bipolar plates made with printed circuit boards (PCBs) as the matrix material. Traditional bipolar plates made with graphite or metal are often heavy and bulky, leading to increased material costs and decreased fuel cell efficiency. The use of PCBs as the matrix material results in a significant reduction in weight compared to traditional materials, without sacrificing performance. However, the alkaline environment in fuel cells can cause significant corrosion damage to the bipolar plates over time. To mitigate this issue, the PCBs are coated with a layer of Ni-P electroless coating to protect against corrosion.Thirdly, the study examines the effectiveness of corrosion protection measures using Ni-P electroless coating. The electroless coating significantly improves the corrosion resistance of the bipolar plates, thereby prolonging their lifespan and maintaining the performance of the fuel cell over time. The combination of low-weight bipolar plates made with PCBs and corrosion protection measures using Ni-P electroless coating has the potential to enhance the overall performance and durability of alkaline PEM fuel cells.Overall, this study highlights the importance of considering bipolar plate design, material selection, and corrosion protection measures in developing efficient and durable alkaline PEM fuel cells. The optimized flow field design enhances the current density and reduces the pressure drop, while the use of PCBs as the matrix material and Ni-P electroless coating as the corrosion protection measure significantly improve the fuel cell's efficiency and lifespan. These findings provide valuable insights for the development of next-generation fuel cells that are both high-performing and environmentally sustainable.

Exploring the Impact of Combined Thai Yoga and Elastic Band Exercise on Physical Fitness and Exercise Capacity in Older Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Study purpose. Although it is acknowledged that exercise can positively affect both physical and biochemical markers in older individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), there are still uncertainties about the specific impacts of combining Thai yoga with an elastic band exercise in this population. The objective of the study was to assess the impact of a 12-week program involving Thai yoga combined with an elastic band exercise on the physical fitness and functional exercise capacity among older individuals with T2DM. Materials and methods. A total of 42 participants, consisting of 20 men and 22 women with T2DM and a mean age of 64.6±3.6 years, were randomly assigned to two groups: the control group and the exercise group. The exercise group engaged in a daily regimen of Thai yoga combined with an elastic band exercise for 40 minutes, 5 days a week, over a 12-week period. In contrast, the control group maintained their regular routines. Physical fitness and functional exercise capacity were assessed both before and after the 12-week intervention. Results. The exercise group showed significant reductions in body weight (58.7±11.9 vs. 58.0±12.0 kg), body mass index (24.2±3.0 vs. 23.9±3.0 kg/m2), waist circumference (33.6±3.6 vs. 33.1±3.6 in), and waist-hip ratio (0.90±0.06 vs. 0.89±0.06) (p < 0.001). Additionally, there were notable improvements in physical fitness parameters, including hand grips, back strength, leg strength (p < 0.01), and trunk flexibility (p < 0.001). Functional exercise capacity, indicated by the 6-minute walk test and estimated peak oxygen consumption (p < 0.01), also improved significantly. Conclusions. Thai yoga combined with an elastic band exercise enhances physical fitness and functional exercise capacity in older individuals with T2DM. This improvement has the potential to enhance their cardiopulmonary performance. Consequently, this exercise regimen is considered a health alternative for older individuals with T2DM.

GLP-1 AGONISTS: EFFECT IN MANAGEMENT OF DIABETES AND WEIGHT LOSS IN OLDER ADULTS WITH OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY

Abstract Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 in older adults in the US is 33%, incidence of newly diagnosed diabetes is highest among those aged 65-79 years. Obesity in older adults impacts not only the morbidity and mortality, but importantly impacts quality of life and risk of institutionalization. Treatment for diabetes with glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP-1) agonists have demonstrated to reduce weight, control glucose, and reduce major adverse cardiovascular events in older adults. This study aims to describe outcomes in the management of older adults with diabetes and obesity with GLP-1 agonists. A retrospective study of 30 older adults with uncontrolled diabetes, overweight and obesity at a local practice that were started on treatment with GLP-1 agonists, since 2022, with ages 65-84 with diabetes mellitus type 2 with initial HbA1C 9.6%-12.6%, and BMI 27-48.2 that were started on GLP-1 agonists with improved results during treatment with current reduction of HbA1C 5.8%-7.7% and BMI reduction 23-39.8. In conclusion GLP-1 agonists have demonstrated significantly improved management of uncontrolled Diabetes Mellitus in older adults as well as a significant reduction in weight improving outcomes.

Understanding the harmful effects of polyethylene microplastics on Eisenia fetida: A toxicological evaluation

Microplastics, measuring less than 5 mm, are pervasive environmental pollutants raising concerns about their toxic effects on terrestrial ecosystems, especially earthworms.A comprehensive toxicological evaluation of polyethylene microplastics on earthworms will be beneficial for determining the detrimental impacts of these ubiquitous pollutants on soil ecosystem. Therefore, in the present study, the best representative soil organism, earthworms (Eisenia fetida), were opted for examining the toxicological effect of polyethylene microplastic. E. fetida were subjected to different concentrations of polyethylene microplastic (200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 mg/kg) in soil and randomly picked out on days 7 to 56. Earthworms exposed to higher concentration of polyethylene (1000 mg/kg of artificial soil) showed a significant reduction in body weight and cocoon formation after 35th days of incubation. A consistent decrease in the concentration of carbohydrates, lipids, and protein was observed when the worms were exposed to the higher concentration of polyethylene. Further, antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferase, peroxidase, catalase, and malondialdehyde were determined for antioxidant stress.Exposure of 200 mg/kg to 1000 mg/kg of artificial soil caused a prominent amplification in the build-up of malonedialdehyde (a biological marker of oxidative stress) by 1.29-fold. It also considerably augmented the activity of the antioxidant enzymes viz., glutathione S-transferase (1.54-fold), superoxide dismutase (1.51-fold), peroxidase (1.25-fold), and catalase (1.87-fold). The present study's findings provide a new understanding of the toxic effect of microplastic on earthworm E. fetida, presenting a foundation for its risk evaluation on soil ecosystems and non-target biological toxicity.

Promotion of Successful Weight Management in Overweight and Obese Veterans (POWER-VET): Trial Design and Methods

BackgroundAlmost 75% of US adults are overweight or obese. Though intentional weight loss of as little as 3% improves physical functioning and reduces cardiometabolic risk, most adults are unsuccessful at long-term weight maintenance. Our hypothesis is that intermittent fasting (IF: short periods of intense energy restriction) will reduce weight regain. IF may combat obesity due to its effects on nutrient-sensing signaling pathways and circadian rhythm. The objective of this randomized clinical trial is to test the effectiveness of an intensive body weight management program with and without IF. MethodsIn the Promotion of Successful Weight Management in Overweight and Obese Veterans (POWER-VET) trial (NCT04131647), 154 middle-aged and older adults (50–75 years) who are overweight and obese (BMI: 25–40 kg/m2) and seen at either a Baltimore, MD or San Antonio, TX Veterans Affairs Medical Center will be enrolled. Participants will undergo 12 weeks of weight loss (including a low-calorie heart healthy (HH) diet and exercise). Following weight loss, participants will be randomly assigned to one of two 24-week weight maintenance (WM) interventions: WM alone (continuation of HH diet and exercise) or WM + IF. The primary aim is to determine the effect of WM + IF compared to WM alone on body weight maintenance after intentional weight loss. DiscussionDetermining effective, translatable strategies that minimize weight regain following successful weight loss holds public health relevance. This POWER-VET trial introduces an innovative practice of IF to prevent weight regain after clinically significant weight reduction and could provide evidence-based recommendations to promote this type of intervention in middle aged and older adults.

Thiopurines exert harmful effects on spermatogenesis in Nudt15R138C knock-in mice.

The association between thiopurine use and testicular reproductive functions remains unclear. In this study, we investigated whether thiopurines affect testicular functions based on the NUDT15 genotypes using Nudt15R138C knock-in mice. The male Nudt15R138C knock-in mice (9-12weeks) were treated with mercaptopurine (MP: 0.5mg/kg/day) for 4 or 12weeks. To examine reversibility, some mice were maintained for a further 12weeks under MP-free condition. After MP treatment for 4weeks, Nudt15R138C/R138C mice exhibited a significant reduction of testis weight compared to Nudt15+/+ mice and Nudt15+/R138C mice. The epithelial height and diameter of seminiferous tubules were significantly reduced in Nudt15R138C/R138C mice compared to Nudt15+/+ and Nudt15+/R138C mice. Apoptotic cells were significantly increased in Nudt15R138C/R138C mice, and most of apoptotic cells were spermatogonia. There were no significant changes in sperm counts and sperm morphology in MP-treated Nudt15R138C/R138C mice after 4-week MP treatment. On the other hand, after MP treatment for 12weeks, the Nudt15+/R138C mice, but not Nudt15+/+ mice, exhibited a significant reduction in the testis weight and atrophic changes of seminiferous tubules, but these changes disappeared after 12-week rearing under MP-free condition. Despite a significant increase in abnormal sperm rate, there were no changes in the ability to conceive. No differences in serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone or testosterone were observed between MP-treated Nudt15+/R138C and Nudt15+/+ mice after 12-week MP treatment. Thiopurines exert harmful effects on testicular reproductive function according to host NUDT15 genotypes.

Outcomes of a Remote Cardiac Rehabilitation Program for Patients Undergoing Atrial Fibrillation Ablation: Pilot Study.

Risk factor modification, in particular exercise and weight loss, has been shown to improve outcomes for patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). However, access to structured supporting programs is limited. Barriers include the distance from appropriate facilities, insurance coverage, work or home responsibilities, and transportation. Digital health technology offers an opportunity to address this gap and offer scalable interventions for risk factor modification. This study aims to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of a 12-week asynchronous remotely supervised exercise and patient education program, modeled on cardiac rehabilitation programs, in patients with AF. A total of 12 patients undergoing catheter ablation of AF were enrolled in this pilot study. Participants met with an exercise physiologist for a supervised exercise session to generate a personalized exercise plan to be implemented over the subsequent 12-week program. Disease-specific education was also provided as well as instruction in areas such as blood pressure and weight measurement. A digital health toolkit for self-tracking was provided to facilitate monitoring of exercise time, blood pressure, weight, and cardiac rhythm. The exercise physiologist remotely monitored participants and completed weekly check-ins to titrate exercise targets and provide further education. The primary end point was program completion. Secondary end points included change in self-tracking adherence, weight, 6-minute walk test (6MWT), waist circumference, AF symptom score, and program satisfaction. The median participant age was 67.5 years, with a mean BMI of 33.8 kg/m2 and CHADs2VASC (Congestive Heart Failure, Hypertension, Age [≥75 years], Diabetes, Stroke/Transient Ischemic Attack, Vascular Disease, Age [65-74 years], Sex [Female]) of 1.5. A total of 11/12 (92%) participants completed the program, with 94% of expected check-ins completed and 2.9 exercise sessions per week. Adherence to electrocardiogram and blood pressure tracking was fair at 81% and 47%, respectively. Significant reductions in weight, waist circumference, and BMI were observed with improvements in 6MWT and AF symptom scores (P<.05) at the completion of the program. For program management, a mean of 2 hours per week or 0.5 hours per patient per week was required, inclusive of time for follow-up and intake visits. Participants rated the program highly (>8 on a 10-point Likert scale) in terms of the impact on health and wellness, educational value, and sustainability of the personal exercise program. An asynchronous remotely supervised exercise program augmented with AF-specific educational components for patients with AF was feasible and well received in this pilot study. While improvements in patient metrics like BMI and 6MWT are encouraging, they should be viewed as hypothesis generating. Based on insights gained, future program iterations will include particular attention to improved technology for data aggregation, adjustment of self-monitoring targets based on observed adherence, and protocol-driven exercise titration. The study design will need to incorporate strategies to facilitate the recruitment of a diverse and representative participant cohort.

Melatonin exhibits partial protective effects against gemcitabine- and cisplatin-induced kidney and reproductive injuries in mice.

Cisplatin has the potential to cause kidney and reproductive organ injuries, prompting the search for protective agents against cisplatin-induced toxicity. Melatonin, an antioxidant hormone, has shown promise in mitigating oxidative stress in various organs. However, its protective effects on cisplatin-induced kidney and reproductive injuries have not been extensively investigated. The aim of this study was to explore the potential protective effects of melatonin on cisplatin-induced kidney and reproductive injuries when administered in combination with gemcitabine in mice. Male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to a seven-week treatment with gemcitabine plus cisplatin, with or without melatonin intervention. The testis, epididymis, and kidney were assessed through histological analysis and measurement of blood parameters. Treatment with cisplatin led to a significant reduction in testicular weight, histological abnormalities, and alterations in reproductive hormone levels. Melatonin exhibited a slight protective effect on the testis, with higher doses of melatonin yielding better outcomes. However, melatonin did not reverse the effects of cisplatin on the epididymis. Administration of melatonin before and during treatment with cisplatin plus gemcitabine in mice demonstrated a modest protective effect on testicular injuries, while showing limited effects on epididymal injuries. Serum creatinine levels in the group treated with gemcitabine plus cisplatin treatment and high-dose melatonin approached those of the control group, indicating a protective effect on the kidney. These findings underscore the potential of melatonin as a protective agent against cisplatin-induced kidney and reproductive injuries and emphasize the need for further research to optimize its dosage and evaluate its long-term effects.

Altered fatty acid composition confers improved drought acclimation in maize

Drought induces alteration in membrane lipid composition in plants; however, still little is known about whether membrane lipid remodeling plays a role in plant drought acclimation, including both drought tolerance and recovery, especially in crops. Here, we imposed natural progressive drought and re-watering in 18 maize genotypes at the seedling stage, and analyzed the physiological responses, drought tolerance and drought acclimation capabilities, contents of lipids, and fatty acid compositions. The results showed that drought caused significant reductions in shoot dry weight, relative water content, Fv/Fm, total lipid content, and double bond index (DBI) in most genotypes, while re-watering partially recovered these reductions. Meanwhile, the total lipid content, fatty acid composition, and DBI were also changed obviously in response to drought and re-watering. In order to explore the relationship between membrane lipid change and plant drought response, we did a principal component analysis. The results showed that C18:3 fatty acid contributed greatly to drought tolerance, and C16:2 and C16:3 fatty acids were more responsible for drought recovery. Meanwhile, DBI showed significant positive correlations with shoot dry weight and relative water content, but a negative association with lipid peroxidation, and more importantly, DBI was important for both drought tolerance and recovery. These alterations in membrane lipid composition may facilitate increasing membrane fluidity and decreasing membrane damage, thus maintaining the high photosynthetic capability under drought. Our results suggest that lipid remodeling is important for drought tolerance and recovery in crops, and different fatty acid species have different roles in crop drought acclimation.

Twelve-Month Outcomes after Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery among Youths Participating in a Structured Preparation and Follow-Up Program: Results of the Youth with Extreme Obesity Study

Introduction: While invasive and associated with risks, metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) can promote sustained weight loss and substantial health benefits in youths with extreme obesity. The path toward informed decision making for or against MBS is poorly characterized and postoperative follow-up to assess risks and benefits is inconsistent. In youths with extreme obesity, we aimed to evaluate decision making toward MBS, as well as MBS outcomes and adherence with follow-up and recommendations in the setting of a structured pre- and post-MBS program. Methods: Participants were recruited in the setting of the multicenter “Youth with Extreme Obesity Study” (YES). YES is a cohort study in adolescents and young adults aged 14–24 years with obesity (BMI ≥30.0 kg/m²) who were recruited at four medical centers and one job center in Germany between 2012 and 2018. Participants at two medical centers with BMI ≥35 kg/m², aged 14–24 years, and interested in pursuing MBS were included in the subproject 3 “Safety and effectiveness of weight loss surgery in adolescents with severe obesity within a structured pre- and post-surgery treatment program – an observational study” that comprised a 2-months pre- and 12-months post-MBS program. Results: Twenty-eight of 169 youths (17%) with BMI ≥35 kg/m² were interested in MBS. Twenty-six fulfilled published eligibility criteria for MBS and participated in the structured pre-MBS preparation program. Of these, 9 participants (2 females) decided against, and 17 (n = 11 females) decided for MBS (sleeve gastrectomy). The 12-month follow-up rate was high (16/17 [94%]) and all participants achieved significant weight reduction (ΔBMI: −16.1 ± 5.6 kg/m²). Eleven of 16 participants (69%) reported taking the prescribed dietary supplements in the first year after MBS, but only five of them (31%) did so daily. In contrast to the high 12-month retention rate, follow-up after completion of the structured program was low at 24-months (9/16 [56%]) and at 36-months (5/15 [36%]), respectively. Conclusion: Participants demonstrated active decision making for or against MBS and high adherence with the structured pre- and 12 months post-MBS program, but participation was low thereafter. These findings endorse the need for longer term structured post-MBS programs to capture long-term outcomes and provide adequate care in this vulnerable group at the transition to adulthood.

Institutional experience on the impact of glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists (GLP-1) on glycemic control and weight loss in patients with type 2 diabetes at the Dubai Diabetes Center, United Arab Emirates

AimsTo describe the effect of three classes of GLP1 analogues on HbA1c and weight over one year in a homogenous group of patients at the Dubai Diabetes Center in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The specific objectives are to study the extent of change in HbA1c and weight loss on these medications as well as the sustainability of change over one year. MethodsA retrospective audit of patients diagnosed Type 2 diabetes receiving one of the three following GLP-1 agonists (Exenatide LA 2 mg weekly, liraglutide 1.8 mg once daily, Dulaglutide 1.5 mg) over one year and documenting changes in HbA1c and weight at 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-months intervals. ResultsThe study shows that while there was significant reduction in HbA1c and weight in the first 3 months, this change was not clinically significant. Also, the change was not maintained at the end of the year. By the final quarter, the effect of the medication diminishes, accompanied by a partial regain of weight. ConclusionGLP1 agonists favorable initial effect on HbA1c and weight may not be sustainable beyond a certain period. The exact reason and factors contributing to this need further exploration.