Abstract Objective To evaluate the effect of pterygium surgery on corneal topography by comparing wave front analysis before and one month after the surgical treatment. Methodology Fifty eyes of forty-one patients were included in this study. Twenty five male and sixteen female patients seeking pterygium surgery were recruited from the Ophthalmology Department Outpatient Clinic in Sohag Teaching Hospital during the period from July 2017 to May 2018. All eyes underwent pterygium excision with conjunctival autograft. Results In this study we found a highly statistically significant improvement in the mean uncorrected visual acuity from 0.44±0.21SD preoperatively to 0.62±0.18SD postoperatively (p < 0.001) and a highly statistically significant difference in the mean logMAR visual acuity as it was decreased from 0.43±0.28 SD preoperatively to 0.34±0.23 SD postoperatively (p < 0.001). Also, there was a highly statistically significant improvement in mean of manifest refractive astigmatism from -4.08±3.28 SD preoperatively to -1.46±1.40 SD postoperatively (p < 0.001). We also found a highly statistically significant improvement in the mean cycloplegic astigmatism from -4.00±3.01 SD preoperatively to -1.39±1.33 SD postoperatively (p < 0.001) and also there was a highly statistically significant improvement in the mean topographic astigmatism from -5.17±4.08 SD preoperatively to -2.20±2.31 SD postoperatively (p < 0.001). We also found a highly statistically significant improvement in the mean of ISV (Index of Surface Variance) from 76.22±36.86 SD preoperatively to 33.56±15.02 SD post operatively (p < 0.001) and also there was a highly statistically significant improvement in the mean IHD (Index of Height Decentration) from 0.042±0.027SD pre-operatively to 0.023±0.036 SD post operatively. Conclusion There was a highly statistically significant difference in the mean logMAR visual acuity and a highly statistically significant improvement in the mean uncorrected visual acuity. A highly statistically significant improvement in both refractive and topographic astigmatism after one month of the surgery was noted also. Here were also a highly statistically significant improvement in ISV and IHD that indicate improvement after pterygium removal. Recommendations Patient with pterygium that inducing astigmatism will benefit from surgical removal of the pterygium.