Strong Significant Relationship Research Articles

Pengaruh Pengurusan Maklumat Terhadap Keberkesanan Program Latihan dan Pembangunan Sektor Awam: Kajian Rintis di Jabatan Penyiaran Malaysia

Information management is important for an organization because it can drive organizational excellence. An increasingly complex environment requires efficient information management and effective training and development programs. This is very significant especially when there is a conflict or crisis. T Therefore, the objective of this paper is in addition to obtaining the validity and reliability value of the constructed questionnaire items, it is also to determine the influence of information management which includes information environment, information ambiguity and communication cycle on the effectiveness of training and development programs in the public sector. This study used a survey method through a questionnaire that was distributed to 102 respondents consisting of staff at the Department of Broadcasting Malaysia online through the Google Form platform. Weick's Organizational Information Theory and Kirkpatrick's Evaluation Model were adopted in this study. The collected data was then analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) v.22 software to test the validity and reliability of the items and then test the hypotheses presented. The results of the study show that all aspects of information management studies have a strong positive significant relationship with the effectiveness of training and development programs. Through regression analysis it proves that information management contributes as much as 71.9% to the effectiveness of training and development programs but the aspect of the information environment has no influence on the dependent variable. Overall, aspects of the communication cycle are the main contributors that affect the effectiveness of training and development programs compared to aspects of the information environment and information ambiguity. Keywords: Kirkpatrick Assessment Model, information management, training and development programs, public sector, Weick's Organizational Information Theory.

Influence of Modified Biochar on Soil Fluoride and Cadmium Speciation and Their Bioavailability to Tea Seedling (Camellia Sinensis L.)

ABSTRACT Biochar is widely used as a good soil amendment, while knowledge of modified biochar application in tea garden soils contaminated by fluoride (F) and cadmium (Cd) is insufficient. The tea seedling (Camellia sinensis L.) growth assay was performed to evaluate interaction of soil Cd and F and the improving effect of aluminum trichloride-modified corn stalk biochar (Al-BC) on their speciation, phytoaccumulation and phytotoxicity. Results showed that soil F speciation ratio sequence was as follows: residual > exchangeable > organic-bound > water-soluble > Fe/Mn oxide-bound. Soil exchangeable Cd was the largest Cd speciation (>35.6%), probably due to the low pH values in the acid tea gardens. Root F contents showed a strong significant relationship with soluble F contents (r = 0.92, P < .01) and similarly root Cd highly connected with exchangeable Cd (r = 0.86, P < .01). Seedling height, fresh and dry weight, root surface area, length, and photosynthetic pigment showed different sensitivities to F or Cd oxidative stress and toxicity effects, and only root F contents significantly inversely correlated with them (r = 0.74–0.80, P < .01). The interaction of Cd and F, could influence their speciation distribution and antagonized each other in root accumulation. Meanwhile, joint simulation models showed that antagonistic effects were observed in the F and Cd mixture soils for most cases at Enshi. Biochar application reduced bioavailable F and Cd contents, and thus decreased F and Cd accumulation in tea roots and obviously alleviated toxicity effects. For instance, biochar application significantly reduced root F contents, which had 33.2% to 62.2% declines at Enshi and 39.7% to 77.2% declines at Huanggang. Meanwhile, the soil properties were improved as biochar added, with an increase in soil pH, EC, CEC and organic matter. Overall, Al-modified biochar was beneficial environmental materials for reducing both F and Cd bioavailability.

PRINCIPALS’ DIGITAL TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP, TEACHERS’ ORGANISATIONAL COMMITMENT AND JOB SATISFACTION DURING COVID-19 IN LAGOS STATE EDUCATION DISTRICT V, NIGERIA

Several leadership specialists have studied the impact of principals' transformational leadership on school administration. Yet, studies and research on the digital transformational leadership of school administrators have received little attention from academics. As the COVID-19 pandemic has caused countries all over the globe to switch to online teaching and learning paradigms, it is imperative to close the gap. The principal had to adopt a new position as a digital leader, working online with teachers and students, according to the changing circumstances. The goal of this study is to ascertain how school principals' leadership in digital transformation during COVID-19 in senior secondary schools in Education District V, Lagos State, Nigeria, and teachers' organisational commitment and work satisfaction are related. Information from 300 educators in the School District is used to support the research. The results show that principals' digital transformational leadership and teachers' organisational commitment have a strong significant and positive relationship. They also show a strong significant and positive relationship between principals' digital transformational leadership and teachers' job satisfaction. The findings of this study reveal that principal digital transformational leadership behaviour play a critical role in fighting the COVID-19 pandemic by encouraging teachers to be creative, innovative, and undertaking active actions for the achievement of organisational commitment and job satisfaction, as well as to ensure the school organisation’s sustainability. Based on these conclusions, the study suggested that the Lagos State government, through the Education District V, should support professional development initiatives like conferences, workshops, seminars, and training for secondary school teachers to keep their knowledge current, particularly their knowledge of digital technology.

Wildcat Strike and Collective Bargaining Outcome of Petroleum Marketing Companies in Rivers State, Nigeria

Union strike strategy and collective bargaining outcome are integral parts of industrial democracy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between wildcat strike and measures of collective bargaining outcome (Terms/conditions of employment, Workplace rules and grievance procedures) as elements of industrial democracy of petroleum marketing companies in Rivers State, Nigeria. The population of the study consists of all the 10 petroleum marketing companies under the petroleum downstream sector in Rivers State, Nigeria, while the sample size is the same as the population because it qualified as small. The correlation survey approach was adopted. The structured questionnaire was developed and 102 copies distributed to managers and union leaders of the 10 petroleum marketing companies in Rivers State, Nigeria. 93 copies were retrieved representing 91.18 percent but 88 copies were usable and represent 94.62 percent. Instruments for the study were tested using the convergence validity test and Cronbach alpha tool for validity and reliability respectively. Analysis included four stages. Bivariate hypotheses were tested using Spearman’s rank order correlation coefficient and the multivariate; using the bootstrapping tool. Results from the study show that there exist strong positive and significant relationship amongst wildcat strike and measures of collective bargaining outcome. The results also show that the environment is the parent organism and wildcat strike is the signal that alerts it to intervene and forestall or correct intolerable practices in industry. The study concludes that wildcat strike is the way of influencing or coercing management to the bargaining table when it does not want to; and an action to ensure timely and proper implementation of collective agreement. The study recommends that better and regular workers-management meetings should be enshrined, the study also recommends co-authorship of workplace rules between unions and managements, and that companies should resort to internal and external laid down procedures for settling disputes.

Hypothyroidism and rheumatoid arthritis: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data showed that the relationship between hypothyroidism and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) risk remains under debate. This study is conducted to test the causal relationship of hypothyroidism and RA. A two-sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR) analysis was employed to estimate the causality of hypothyroidism and rheumatoid arthritis in European ancestry and Asian ancestry. Integrating the effects generated by TSMR, functional annotations and noncoding variant prediction framework were applied to analyze and interpret the functional instrument variants (IVs). The results of the inverse variance weighted method showed a strong significant causal relationship between hypothyroidism and risk of RA in European ancestry [odds ratio (OR) = 1.96; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.49, 2.58; p < 0.001]. The outcomes of MR-Egger, weighted median, weighted mode, and simple mode also showed that hypothyroidism was significantly associated with increased risk of RA in European ancestry. The MR-PRESSO method also showed significant results [Outlier-corrected Causal Estimate = 0.70; standard error (SE) = 0.06; p < 0.001]. An independent dataset and an Asian ancestry dataset were applied to estimate and obtain the coincident results. Furthermore, we integrated the effect of variants in TSMR analysis, functional annotations, and prediction methods to pinpoint the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs4409785 as one of the causal variants, which suggested that this variant could impact the binding of CTCF-cohesin and play a vital role in immune cells. In this study, we prove that hypothyroidism is significantly causally associated with increased RA risk, which has not been shown in previous studies. Furthermore, we pinpoint the potential causal variants in RA.

Hubungan Self Efficacy Dengan Pelaksanaan Mobilisasi Dini Pasien Apendektomi Di Ruang Bedah RSUD H. Boejasin Pelaihari

One of the nursing interventions in recovery and healing the appendectomy wounds is early mobilization exercises. One of the factors that influence the success of early mobilization is to increase self-efficacy. This research want to determine the correlation of self-efficacy and early mobilization among appendectomy patients in surgery room at H. Boejasin Pelaihari Hospital. The study conducted by utilizing quantitative research with cross sectional approach. There are 20 respondents involved in the study that selected using accidental sampling. The analysis use an spearman rank formula to determine the correlation between two variables. The results showed that the self-efficacy of patients after appendectomy. There are 12 respondents (60%) showed their self-efficacy level in moderate level. 11 respondents (55%) had a good mobilization exercise. Analysis of Spearman Rank correlation found that there was a strong significant relationship between self-efficacy and mobilization among appendectomy patient where the value of p = 0.000.

Renewable and non-renewable energy consumption and total factor productivity growth: The case of G20 countries

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the short and long-run relationships between renewable, non-renewable energy consumption (NREC) and economic growth. This study highlights the importance of renewable energy consumption to improve the total factor productivity (TFP) in G20 countries spanning on 2002-2018. Using the approach of panel Feasible Generalized Least Squares (PFGLS) cross-section and period weight and FGLS cross-section and period sur robust, we have divided the sample in three groups: G20, G7 and G20-G7. The findings show that there is a negative effect of Renewable Energy Consumption (REC) on TFP in G7 and a positive effect in the other groups. Our main results indicate that there is a strong significant and positive relationship between REC and TFP growth in the long run in the hull G20 countries. But, in the G7, there is a negative relationship due to the negative effect in the environment. The results of granger causality tests indicate the existence of one-way causality from NREC to TFP in G20 and G20-G7, while from TFP to NREC in G7. To boost overall productivity and maintain sustainable development, all nations must invest in renewable energy.

Integrity and Ethical Values, and Financial Performance of Savings and Credit Cooperatives (SACCOs) in Mid-Western Uganda

Purpose: To establish the relationship between control integrity and ethical values, and financial performance of SACCOs in Mid-Western Uganda.&#x0D; Methodology: To collect data was presented using frequency tables and was analyzed using standard regression analysis. Besides, a cross-sectional research design and positivist paradigm were used. Besides, a closed-ended questionnaire was used to collect data.&#x0D; Findings: The study findings indicate a strong positive significant relationship between integrity and ethical values and financial performance of SACCOs in Mid-Western Uganda.&#x0D; Unique Contribution to Practice and Policy: This study provides a detailed understanding of how integrity and ethical values influence financial performance, thus pointing to the fact that integrity and ethical values are predictors of financial performance.&#x0D;

Internal Control Environment and Financial Accountability of Savings and Credit Cooperatives in Mid-Western Uganda

Purpose: To test the association between internal control environment and financial accountability of SACCOs in Mid-Western Uganda.&#x0D; Methodology: The study adopted a cross-sectional research design and positivist paradigm to gather data from 93 SACCOs in Mid-Western Uganda using a closed-ended questionnaire. Data was analyzed using the standard linear regression.&#x0D; Findings: The study depict a strong positive significant association relationship between internal control environment and financial accountability of SACCOs in Mid-Western Uganda.&#x0D; Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The high level of transparency and value for money can be achieved if management puts into place effective internal control environment if SACCOs are to realize a high level of transparence and value for money.&#x0D;

Association between universal health coverage and the disease burden of acute illness and injury at the global level

BackgroundThis study examines the relationship between universal health coverage (UHC) and the burden of emergency diseases at a global level.MethodsData on Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) from emergency conditions were extracted from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) database for the years 2015 and 2019. Data on UHC, measured using two variables 1) coverage of essential health services and 2) proportion of the population spending more than 10% of household income on out-of-pocket health care expenditure, were extracted from the World Bank Database for years preceding our outcome of interest. A linear regression was used to analyze the association between UHC variables and DALYs for emergency diseases, controlling for other variables.ResultsA total of 132 countries were included. The median national coverage of essential health services index was 67.5/100, while the median national prevalence of catastrophic spending in the sample was 6.74% of households. There was a strong significant relationship between health service coverage and the burden of emergency diseases, with an 11.5-point reduction in DALYs of emergency medical diseases (95% CI -9.5, -14.8) for every point increase in the coverage of essential health services index. There was no statistically significant relationship between catastrophic expenditures and the burden of emergency diseases, which may be indicative of inelastic demand in seeking services for health emergencies.ConclusionIncreasing the coverage of essential health services, as measured by the essential health services index, is strongly correlated with a reduction in the burden of emergency conditions. In addition, data affirms that financial protection remains inadequate in many parts of the globe, with large numbers of households experiencing significant economic duress related to seeking healthcare. This evidence supports a strategy of strengthening UHC as a means of combating death and disability from health emergencies, as well as extending protection against impoverishment related to healthcare expenses.

Improving local rice consumption in Sub-Saharan Africa through social marketing: evidence from Ghana

The efforts and strategies of governments and other stakeholders to achieve self-rice sufficiency on the African continent have failed to achieve the intended results. Although scholars have primarily attributed this problem to poor attitudes and behaviour toward the consumption of locally produced rice, limited attention has been paid to behavioural change approaches. Thus, from the perspective of the theory of planned behaviour, the study sought to understand the factors that influence consumers’ intention to consume locally produced rice and to suggest solutions from a social marketing perspective to elicit voluntary changes in behaviour toward the consumption of local rice. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected from 375 to 40 participants, respectively. Qualitative data were analysed thematically, while quantitative data were analysed using partial least squares structural equation modelling. The results showed a strong positive and significant relationship between attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control, and intention to consume locally produced rice. The results showed a weak significant negative relationship between intention and actual consumption of local rice, suggesting a high intention-behaviour gap. However, the qualitative results identified six critical factors that prevented people from consuming local rice though having the intention. These factors include cooking difficulty, suitability for few local dishes, lack of taste and aroma, foreign materials, poor packaging and standard specification, and unavailability. Thus, interventions addressing these barriers will significantly increase the consumption of local rice in Ghana. The study contributes to literature by using the mixed method approach and the theory of planned behaviour to predict factors that could improve local rice consumption in a developing country context. We also addressed how the 4Ps of social marketing could be used to address the identified barriers.

Comparison and comparability of pneumotonometry and rebound tonometry results with Maklakov’s applanation tonometry

BACKGROUND: Introduction and use of various tonometry methods can lead to misinterpretation of intraocular pressure results and influence the choice of treating approaches by ophthalmologist in a glaucoma patient.&#x0D; AIM: To compare pneumotonometry and rebound tonometry results with Maklakovs applanation tonometry and to develop corrections for their comparability.&#x0D; MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 75 patients. All subjects underwent Maklakov applanation tonometry (10 g) and pachymetry (Topcon SP-3000P). In 48 patients (94 eyes) of the 1st group, pneumotonometry (TONOREF II Nidek) was performed, and 27 patients of the 2nd group (52 eyes) underwent rebound tonometry (iCare IC-100).&#x0D; RESULTS: The mean difference in intraocular pressure level in the 1st group was 4.81 (p 0.001), and in the 2nd 0.98 mmHg (p = 0.399). Both methods pneumo- and rebound tonometry showed underestimated results with intraocular pressure less than 23.0 and 22.5 mmHg (respectively) relative to applanation tonometry and, conversely, overestimated intraocular pressure when these values were exceeded. A significant (p 0.001) strong (R2 = 0.86) relationship between applanation and rebound tonometry was obtained, which made it possible, using regression analysis, to develop a formula for recalculating results of iCare tonometry into those of Maklakov tonometry: PMaklakov = 0.40 PiCare + 13.44.&#x0D; CONCLUSIONS: Both pneumo- and rebound tonometry demonstrate adequate results of P0 with intraocular pressure below 23.0 and 22.5 mmHg (respectively) and overestimate the results when these values are exceeded. The developed formula allows converting the results of iCare tonometry into the values of the Maklakovs tonometry.

Online Shopping During Pandemic Covid 19: The Factors of Information Quality and Safety towards Customer Satisfaction

Online shopping become an alternative for many people when it is more convincing than conventional physical shopping. Generally, consumers are interested to buy online because of time saving and accessibility. Still, there are other reasons that encourage consumers to purchase online. Thus, objective of this study is to identify and analyze the factors influencing customer satisfaction on online shopping specifically during Pandemic Covid 19. The sample for this study consisted of consumers in Malaysia. In total, 150 consumers were surveyed using convenience sampling and a set of questionnaires were distributed via online method. The collected data were analysed by using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). The results showed that safety have a strong significant relationship with consumer satisfaction while information quality does not influence customer satisfaction on online shopping. For managerial perspective, this study benefits marketer, businesses, and policy makers, which the findings of this study can serve as a reference for developing better marketing strategies to entice more customers toward online shopping in future.

Analyzing firm-specific factors affecting the financial performance of insurance companies in South Africa

This study aims to investigate the effect that firm-specific factors have on the financial performance of South African insurance companies. This paper looked at the performance of 36 insurers that are publicly traded and have quantifiable markets from 2008 to 2019. The return on assets (ROA) was calculated as a function of the financial performance in this study. While the firm size, leverage ratio, premium growth rate, liquidity ratio, and tangibility of assets were examined as dependent factors using the panel data regression technique, the premium growth rate, liquidity ratio, and tangibility of assets were explored as independent variables. According to the findings of the regression analysis, other firm-specific factors, with the exception of leverage and liquidity ratios, do not have a statistically significant influence on the financial performance of South African insurance companies. A negative and insignificant association was discovered between premium growth rate and ROA at –0.0023 and tangibility of assets and ROA at –0.0113. There was a strong positive and significant relationship between liquidity ratio and ROA at 0.0927, while the size had a positive but insignificant relationship with ROA at 0.0039. Leverage ratio and ROA had a negative but significant relationship at –0.1512. This study suggests that the use of automated systems and insured techs will be advantageous in cutting costs associated with policyholder enrollment, claims agreement, and even easily achieved tailor-made policy initiatives.

The Relationship of Meaning in Life and Quality of Life: Basis for a Leadership Development Program among Parent-Carers of Children with Special Needs

The goal of the present descriptive-correlational study is to examine the relationship between the quality of life (QOL) and meaning in life (MIL) of Children with Special Needs (CSN) parent-carers utilizing the simple random sampling method. It included 186 respondents from a suburban private Christian school in Muntinlupa, Metro Manila. The Meaning in Life (MIL) questionnaire and Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Short Form (Q-LES-Q-SF) questionnaire were used. The MIL dimensions revealed that, on average, the CSN parent-carers’ Presence of MIL is partly high while the Search for MIL is neither high nor low, which reveals that they have a valued meaning and purpose, yet they are still openly exploring them. The QOL of CSN parent-carers is overall good, with family relationships receiving the highest score and work with the lowest, revealing that there is a marked satisfaction in family relationships while discontent and unfulfillment with work. There is a significant relationship in terms of age, sex, and living status profile variables with MIL, except for education and monthly family income. A strong significant relationship is demonstrated between MIL and QOL of CSN parent-carers. Overall, MIL’s partly high for Presence, neither high nor low for Search, and QOL’s good result imply that CSN parent-carers have a relatively positive understanding of both MIL and QOL in their life and their determination to keep on pursuing this meaning, purpose, enjoyment, and satisfaction in life. The significant relationship and prevailing themes form the basis for LEAD (Leading, Equipping, and Developing), a parent leadership program where one identified recommendation is the review, enhancement, and endorsement for implementation to ascertain understanding, appreciation, and development of QOL and MIL in CSN parent-carers’ life.&#x0D;

Appraisal of Climate Response to Vegetation Indices over Tropical Climate Region in India

Extreme climate events are becoming increasingly frequent and intense due to the global climate change. The present investigation aims to ascertain the nature of the climatic variables association with the vegetation variables such as Leaf Area Index (LAI) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). In this study, the impact of climate change with respect to vegetation dynamics has been investigated over the Indian state of Haryana based on the monthly and yearly time-scale during the time period of 2010 to 2020. A time-series analysis of the climatic variables was carried out using the MODIS-derived NDVI and LAI datasets. The spatial mean for all the climatic variables except rainfall (taken sum for rainfall data to compute the accumulated rainfall) and vegetation parameters has been analyzed over the study area on monthly and yearly basis. The liaison of NDVI and LAI with the climatic variables were assessed at multi-temporal scale on the basis of Pearson correlation coefficients. The results obtained from the present investigation reveals that NDVI and LAI has strong significant relationship with climatic variables during the cropping months over study area. In contrast, during the non-cropping months, the relationship weakens but remains significant at the 0.05 significance level. Furthermore, the rainfall and relative humidity depict strong positive relationship with NDVI and LAI. On the other, negative trends were observed in case of other climatic variables due to the limitations of NDVI viz. saturation of values and lower sensitivity at higher LAI. The influence of aerosol optical depth was observed to be much higher on LAI as compared to NDVI. The present findings confirmed that the satellite-derived vegetation indices are significantly useful towards the advancement of knowledge about the association between climate variables and vegetation dynamics.

INFLUENCE OF BRAND IMAGE ON THE WORD OF MOUTH WHICH IMPLICATES TO BRAND EQUITY SPORT EVENT SRIWIJAYA RANAU GRAN FONDO 2022

There is a change in consumer behavior from the pandemic to the pandemic transition that affects the brand equity sport event Sriwijaya Ranau Gran Fondo 2022, thus making researchers analyze the extent to which the relationship between brand image factors includes brand congruence, brand trust, brand commitment, to word of mouth which has implications for brand equity sport event can affect the behavior of consumers or participants. Using a quantitative research method with a descriptive and survey research design using a sample of 353 respondents from the participants present, then analyzed using quantitative descriptive statistical analysis and structural equation model (SEM) analysis. The results showed that there was a significant effect of brand congruence on brand trust, there was a positive relationship between brand congruence and brand commitment, a positive direct effect of brand trust on brand commitment, there was no significant relationship between brand trust and word of mouth, there was an influence between brand commitment on word of mouth, and there is a significant strong relationship between word of mouth and brand equity. Thus it has implications for sport event organizers to continue to increase the satisfaction and comfort of consumers or attendees, as well as correcting deficiencies in values that do not meet the needs of consumers or participants in order to develop a very good sports event brand image.

Dynamic simulation of the grassland connectivity and the effects of landscape pattern in China's Poyang Lake from the integrated perspective of habitat and biology

AbstractAnalysing the dynamics of landscape connectivity is of great significance for biodiversity conservation, but the scientific expression of ecological processes and the depth of coupling landscape pattern and ecological process requires to be strengthened. Taking the grassland of Poyang Lake as a case, based on the integrated perspective of habitat and biology, and comprehensively considering the ecological process of water level change and species dispersal, this study firstly analysed the changes of functional connectivity of grassland with different water levels and dispersal distances by using the graph‐based connectivity indices. Then, landscape pattern indices were applied to analyse the dynamics of landscape pattern of grassland and further study the effects of landscape pattern on landscape functional connectivity. The results showed as follows: (1) From the perspective of habitat, the functional connectivity of grassland has progressively decreased with the increase of water level. From the perspective of ecology, the species dispersal distance had an absolutely positive impact on landscape functional connectivity. With the increase of dispersal distance, the functional connectivity of grassland increased significantly. (2) The dynamics of landscape pattern of grassland showed that with the increase of water level, the patch area shrank, the patch shape tended to be simple, the patch density decreased and the patch fragmentation aggravated. (3) The correlation results between landscape pattern and functional connectivity indicated that flux index (F) had a significant positive relationship with patch density (PD), edge density (ED), probability of connectivity (PC) had a strong significant positive relationship with largest patch index (LPI), COHESION and number of components (NC) had a negative relationship with LPI, ED, COHESION. This study provides theoretical guidance for the protection and management of grassland in Poyang Lake.

Sleep Disorder Among Patients With Chronic Liver Disease

Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the sleep characteristics among patients with chronic liver diseases (CLDs) and find the relationship between variables of their demographic and sleep disorder. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was designed to achieve the stated goals of patients with CLD in the Al-Najaf Center for Gastroenterology and Hepatology in Al-Sadr Medical City from November 1, 2020, to June 1, 2021. The sample was selected from 120 adult patients ≥18 years using non-probability sampling (purposeful) with CLD (disease duration of six months or more) . The questionnaire consisted of two socio-demographic parts with clinical data (18 items) and a general health questionnaire (28 items) with 4 implicit subscales, including insomnia and anxiety level. Results: There was a strong significant relationship between sleep disorder and age (P=0.001), occupational status (P=0.001), daily activity (P=0.001), BMI (P=0.001), and duration of disease (P=0.001), gender (P=0.021), educational level (P=0.04), marital status (P=0.049), and type of disease (P=0.01). However, there was no significant relationship between sleep disorder and the remaining demographic and clinical data. Discussion: In conclusion, there is a relationship between the sleep disorder of CLD patients and their socio-demographic data. There is a strong significant relationship between patients’ physical status and their sleep disorder (P=0.001). This result means that the disease has a significant effect on sleep.

Evaluation of Transplanted Stem Cell Dynamic Variables in the Bone Marrow of Children with Malignancies

Objective: According to risk classifications, the transplant of healthy hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow is a priority treatment option for hematopoietic diseases. The effectiveness of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation after bone marrow transplantation is largely dependent on the capacity of the bone marrow microenvironment to accept transplanted cells. Detailed analysis of hematopoietic stem cell kinetics after transplantation is very important, as initial transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells affects prognosis. In this study, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell percentage values were evaluated together with other transplantation-related parameters to determine the capacity of stem cell dynamic variables in the bone marrow. Methods: Dynamic variables in hematopoietic stem cell fate in bone marrow transplantation include many parameters; hematopoietic stem cell transplantation rates in the apheresis product of 13 patients and cell counts per kilogram and engraftment times, CD34+ cell rates, CD34+ cell counts per kilogram, chimerism rates, Graft-versus-Host Disease grades, white blood cell counts, and post-transplant relapse status. In the apheresis products collected from the patients before transplantation, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells were identified by the immunophenotypic barcode "CD34+, CD38-, CD45RA-, CD90+, CD49f+", and data analysis was performed with the BD FACSDivaTM software by studying on the BD FACSCanto II flow cytometer device. Results: According to the results of the pearson correlation analysis (non-parametric correlations), a strong positive and significant relationship was found between the number of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation per kg and the percentage of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation of the patients (r=.733, p&lt;.05). According to the results of the analysis, there was a moderately significant and positive relationship (r=.631, p&lt;.05) between the percentage of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and platelet engraftment time, while there was a strong inverse relationship between erythrocyte engraftment time (r=-.730, p&lt;.01). A strong positive and significant relationship was found between the number of Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation cells per kilogram infused into the patients and the platelet engraftment times (r=.780, p&lt;.05). Conclusion: This study confirms that a mean cell dose of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells ≥ 2.57 x 106/kg infused provides rapid short- and long-term platelet engraftment in pediatric patients undergoing autologous and allogeneic transplantation. This study is important in terms of revealing the possible relationship between pulling forward the platelet engraftment time and the number and percentage of Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in our transplanted patients. It is also important that a statistically significant inverse relationship was determined between HSPC values and mean erythrocyte engraftment times.