Significant Relationshipbetween Research Articles

Can Eye Tracking Help Assess the State of Consciousness in Non-Verbal Brain Injury Patients?

Background/Objectives: Developments in eye-tracking technology are opening up new possibilities for diagnosing patients in a state of minimal consciousness because they can provide information on visual behavior, and the movements of the eyeballs are correlated with the patients' level of consciousness. The purpose of this study was to provide validation of a tool, based on eye tracking by comparing the results obtained with the assessment obtained using the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R). Methods: The mul-ti-center clinical trial was conducted in Poland in 2022-2023. The results of 46 patients who were not able to communicate verbally due to severe brain injury were analyzed in this study. The state of consciousness of patients was assessed using the Minimally Conscious State Detection test (MCSD), installed on an eye tracker and compared to CRS-R. The examinations consisted of performing the MCSD test on patients five times (T1-T5) within 14 days. Collected data were processed based on the FDA and GCP's regulatory requirements. Depending on the nature of the data, the mean and standard deviation, median and lower and upper quartiles, and maximum and minimum values were calculated. Passing-Bablok regression analysis was used to assess the measurement equiva-lence of the methods used. Results: There was no difference between the MCSD and CRS-R in the raw change between T5 and T1 time points, as well as in the total % of points from all time points. The MCSD results from each time point show that at least the first two measurements serve to famil-iarize and adapt the patient to the measurement process, and the third and next measurement should be considered reliable. Conclusions: The results indicated a significant relationship be-tween the scores obtained with MCSD and CRS-R. The results suggest that it seems reasonable to introduce an assessment of the patient's state of consciousness based on eye-tracking technology. The use of modern technology to assess a patient's state of consciousness opens up the opportunity for greater objectivity, as well as a reduction in the workload of qualified personnel.

Clinical Characteristics and Compliance of Diabetic Macular Edema Patients to Intravitreal Anti-VEGF Injection Loading Dose at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital

Introduction & ObjectivesDiabetic retinopathy is the fifth most common cause of preventable blindness. In cases of diabeticmacular edema (DME), loading dose is a critical phase to achieve a stable concentration ofintravitreal vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in order to prevent progressivity. This studyaims to determine the demographic and clinical characteristics, waiting time, compliance, as well asthe relationship between education, domicile and clinical outcomes to compliance during loadingdose in DME patients. MethodsIn this retrospective descriptive study, we reviewed medical records of DME patients who receivedanti-VEGF intravitreal injection between 1 January 2019 and 31 December 2020, while alsocomparing records in 2019 (pre-Covid-19) and 2020 (during Covid-19). ResultsThere were 160 patients (207 eyeballs) in 2019 and 83 patients (114 eyeballs) in 2020 who receivedloading dose with similar profiles of sex, age, education, initial visual acuity and central macularthickness (CMT). Median waiting times in 2019 and 2020 were 19 days and 23.5 days, respectively(p=0.016). Only 25 (30.5%) and 15 (35.7%) patients were punctual in 2019 and 2020, respectively.There was no significant relationship between education and domicile with compliance (p= 0.45, p=0.51). Furthermore, there were visual acuity improvements of -0.18 logMAR and -0.0 logMAR in thepunctual and unpunctual group, respectively, as well as CMT decrease of -181 ?m and -156 ?m,respectively. ConclusionMost patients who received loading dose were unpunctual. There was no significant relationshipbetween education and domicile with compliance. Furthermore, there were more significantimprovements in clinical outcomes among the punctual patients.

The Relationship of Parity and Malpresentation with The Incident of Premium Rapture of Amnitude among Later Women at The Cikupa District Tangerang Health Center

Premature rupture of membranes is one of the complications in pregnancy andchildbirth that can result in morbidity and death both maternal and perinatal, the mostcommon cause is due to infection, so that the amniotic membranes which are a barrierto the entry of germs are no longer there so that it can be dangerous for the motherand her fetus. The World Health Organization (WHO) in 2010, estimated that thematernal mortality rate was more than 300-400 per 100,000 live births, one of whichwas caused by 15% premature rupture of membranes, the incidence of prematurerupture of membranes approaching 10% of all deliveries (Manuaba, 2010) . Methods:this study used a cross-sectional study design taken from medical record data(secondary), with a sample of 128 respondents and the analysis used was univariateand bivariate analysis. Results: Most of the pregnant women with primigravida p value0.535 and pregnant women with mal presentation had p value 0.031 with prematurerupture of membranes. In conclusion, there is a significant relationship between malpresentation and premature rupture of membranes and no significant relationshipbetween parity and premature rupture of membranes.

The Relationship Between Time Management and Learning Achievement of Midwifery Students at STIKes Bhakti Pertiwi Indonesia

Time management is a personality development technique that teaches studentseffective ways to use time and format it for needs. In time management, students aretrained to manage time efficiently by planning, organizing, directing and monitoringtime in order to achieve predetermined goals, starting from preparing activityschedules, priority scales, time estimates for an activity, to evaluating theimplementation of activity schedules. that has been created, so that every momentyou have can be used productively. The general aim of this research is to determinethe relationship between time management and the learning achievement ofMidwifery students at STIKes Bhakti Pertiwi Indonesia. This research is an analyticalresearch that uses a survey method with a cross-sectional approach. The data used isprimary data with research instruments in the form of questionnaires and secondarydata regarding student learning achievements as seen from student achievement indexscores. Based on the research results, it was concluded that of the 37 respondentsstudied, 51.4% of respondents had good time management and the highest learningachievement was between 3.26-3.50 (70.2%), and there was a significant relationshipbetween time management and achievement. student learning.

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ESTROGEN LEVELS WITH INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE IN PRIMARY OPEN ANGLE GLAUCOMA PATIENT

Introduction & ObjectivesThere are studies that state that estrogen deficiency can exacerbate visual disturbances in glaucomapatients. To determine the relationship between estrogen levels and intraocular pressure (IOP) inpatients with POAG.
 MethodsThis study used a case-control design in 30 POAG patients who came to the OphthalmologyPolyclinic at the University of North Sumatra Hospital and Network Hospital. The data collectionmethod in this study used a consecutive sampling technique starting from February 2022 until thesample was filled. The inclusion criteria in this study were all women with POAG who were ?40years old and willing to be the research sample. The exclusion criteria for this study were patientswith a history of secondary glaucoma or a history of optic nerve disease, a history of ocular surgery(except cataracts), a history of orbital trauma, menstrual disorders, or currently on hormonaltherapy, a history of systemic or autoimmune disease. Data is then collected and analyzed.
 ResultsOf the 30 patients with POAG, the majority were aged 45-65 years (46.7%) with an average age of55.87(±12.91) years and had suffered from POAG for an average of 1.62(±2.08) years. The averagepatient had an intraocular pressure of 25.07(±6.12) mmHg, MD -12.99(±8.28) dB, VCDR0.78(±0.13) mm, and estrogen levels 2.47(±2.11) pg/dL. There was no significant relationshipbetween estrogen levels and intraocular pressure (p=0.851).
 ConclusionThere was no significant association between estrogen levels and intraocular pressure in patientswith POAG.

Relationship between Serum Homocysteine Levels and Manganese Superoxide Dismutase (MnSOD) on Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer (RNFL) Thickness in Diabetic Retinopathy and Non-Diabetic Retinopathy Patients

Introduction & ObjectivesDiabetic retinopathy is a visual disorder caused by abnormalities in the retina, where there is aprogressive microangiopathy characterized by damage and blockage of fine blood vessels, resultingin impaired nutrition of the retina. This study is to find out the relationship between serumhomocysteine levels and MnSOD on retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in diabeticretinopathy and non-diabetic retinopathy patients.
 MethodsThis study is an analytic observational case-control study with a total of 31 subjects for each group.3cc of venous blood samples were taken to assess the serum levels of homocysteine and MnSOD andthen analyzed by ELISA method in the integrated laboratory of the USU Medical Faculty.
 ResultsThere was a significant difference in Avg RNFL and Nasal RNFL thickness between the two groups(p=0.015) with the mean Avg RNFL thickness being 100.94 (SD=17.04) and the mean RNFL nasalthickness being 90.16 (SD=33.68). The highest MnSOD levels were found in non-diabeticretinopathy subjects with a mean of 142.77 (SD=101.77). There was no significant relationshipbetween homocysteine and thickness of superior RNFL (p=0.346), inferior RNFL (p=0.292),temporal RNFL (p=0.109), nasal RNFL (p=0.190). However, a significant association was foundbetween homocysteine and Avg RNFL (p=0.007).
 ConclusionIn the group of cases of diabetic retinopathy, a significant relationship was found between Hcy andAvg RNFL (p=0.007). An increase in serum homocysteine levels will be followed by a decrease in thethickness of the Avg RNFL.

Analisis Hubungan Tingkat Kepatuhan Penggunaan Obat terhadap Luaran Klinis Pasien PROLANIS Program Rujuk Balik Diabetes dengan Hipertensi di Puskesmas Minggir pada Masa Pandemi COVID-19

Treatment adherence is an important factor in long-term treatment that can affect clinical outcomes. Thisstudyaims to determine the relationship between the level of adherence to drug use and clinical outcomes of patientswith the Chronic Disease Management Program (PROLANIS) diabetes mellitus referral programandhypertension at the Minggir Health Center during the COVID-19 pandemic. Observational research methodwithpurposive sampling technique totaling 79 respondents, independent variables were measured usingindirectmethods in the form of questionnaires and pill counts, dependent variables in the formof Fasting BloodSugar(GDP), HbA1c and blood pressure were seen through medical records. Statistical analysis used Chi-squaretodetermine the relationship between the level of adherence to clinical outcomes (p-value ≤0.05). Basedontheresults of the socio-demographic characteristics of the research respondents, the majority of the categorieswereelderly (93.7%), educational status did not finish school (57%) and employment status did not work (64.6%). Theresults showed that 36 patients (45.6%) were in the adherent category and 43 patients (54.4%) were non-adherentusing the drug. Results Clinical outcome GDP, HbA1c and blood pressure were said to be controlledin13patients (16.5%) and 66 patients (83.5%) were said to be uncontrolled. There was no significant relationshipbetween the level of adherence to the clinical outcomes of diabetes (p=0.435); and clinical outcomeofhypertension (p=0.199) and there was no significant relationship between the level of adherence to druguseandthe clinical outcome of diabetic patients with hypertension (p=0.963). Based on the results of the study, it canbeconcluded that there was no significant relationship between the level of adherence to drug use andtheclinicaloutcomes of PROLANIS patients in the diabetes mellitus referral program and hypertension at the Minggir HealthCenter during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Impact of parental involvement on the communication skills of children with autism

In pursuit of every individual’s access to education regardless of one’s statusin life, the Philippines establishedspecial education(SPED) centers to caterto children with special needs.Children with autism are the expectedbeneficiaries of these centers. This research assessed the impact of parentalinvolvement on the communication skills of children with autism at a SPEDcenter in Cebu City, Cebu, Philippines. Their teachers, regardingtheircommunication skills, assessed thirty children with autism. At the sametime, parents were asked to rate their extent of involvement in their child’sschool activities using survey questionnaires. Different statistical tools wereused to treat the data gathered, such as the weighted mean, standarddeviation, andPearsonproduct moment correlation coefficient. Resultsrevealed that parents were involved in the school activities of their children.However, the children had a moderate manifestation of communicationskills. It was found that there is a moderate positive significant relationshipbetween the parents’involvement and the communication skills of thechildren. Thus, teachers are encouraged to design programs for the childrenthat would involvethe parents in enhancing the communication skills ofchildren with autism.

Dynamic Relationship Between Board of Directors and Corporate Sustainability Performance: Evidence from Energy Sector

The 2030 agenda for sustainable development establishes a new global sustainability target, with corporations expected to contribute significantly by implementing sustainable practices. One strategy for engaging corporations in sustainable practice focuses on corporate governance (CG) mechanisms, such as the board of directors (BOD). On the premise of stakeholder theory, agency theory and resource dependency theory, the relationship between BOD and corporate sustainability performance (CSP) was investigated using the panel data analysis. Utilising a sample of 335 energy sector corporations from 48 countries our GMM estimation shows a significant relationship between CSP and board size, different positions for CEO and Chairperson roles, and interlocking directors. The findings also showed that having more independent directors on a board lowered CSP, while gender and cultural diversity did not affect CSP. The implications of these findings to policymakers on the energy sector corporations are not limited to improving CSP via formulating and implementing specific CG strategies and policies that are beneficial but also provide explicit information on how corporate energy sectors can change their behaviour with respect to sustainable practices and good governance to address social and environmental issues.

Relationship Between Pregnant Woman's Knowledge Level About Maternal Nutritional And Gestational Weight Gain In Puskesmas Banjardawa

Introduction: Gestational weight gain (GWG) is the weight gain of pregnant women duringpregnancy. Inadequate/excessive GWG can have an impact on fetal weight at birth. The 2019MCH handbook includes a gestational weight gain chart, but the method of calculating thebody mass index is not included so that there are difficulties in filling out the chart and GWGis not monitored.Aims: to examine the relationship between the level of nutritional knowledge of pregnantwomen and gestational weight gain.Methods: This research is an analytic observational with cross sectional method. Thisresearch was conducted in the working area of the UPT Puskesmas Banjardawa , namelyBanjaran Village, Banjardawa Village, Taman Village, Beji Village, and Pedurungan Villagein September - October 2022.Result: Most of the pregnant women in the Banjardawa Health Center working area in 2022were 26-35 years old, had low education level, middle to lower economic status, averagegestational age in the third trimester, and had no history of disease. Most pregnant women inthe working area of the Banjardawa Health Center in 2022 already have a good level ofknowledge about the nutrition of pregnant women, but have inappropriate gestational weightgain. The results of the bivariate analysis showed that there was no significant relationshipbetween the knowledge level of pregnant women and gestational weight gain in pregnantwomen.Conclusion : Health workers are expected to be able to provide motivation and informationabout nutrition for pregnant women to pregnant women, so that they are expected to helpwith appropriate gestational weight gain

HUBUNGAN ANTARA PERSEPSI TERHADAP HARAPAN ORANG TUA DAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR REMAJA MADYA DI JABODETABEK PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic requires social distancing, with one of the actions by shifting from faceto-face to online learning. Changes in learning affect students' learning motivation, in this studyis middle adolescence students. Every parent has expectations for their child. Students’perceptions of their parents' expectations are thought to be related to students' learningmotivation. This study aimed to see the relationship between perception of parental expectationsand learning motivation in middle adolescence in Jabodetabek during the COVID-19 pandemic.The researcher adapted the Perception of Parental Expectations Inventory (PPE) measurementtool by Sasikala and Karunanidhi (2011) and developed a learning motivation measurement toolbased on motivational characteristics according to Sardiman (2016). The population in this studywas middle adolescent aged 15 to 18 years who were active students during the COVID-19pandemic in Jabodetabek. The sampling technique is convenience sampling. The research methodused is quantitative with the Pearson correlation test. Participants in this study were 153 people.The results of the correlation test showed that there was a positive and significant relationshipbetween perception of parental expectations and learning motivation in middle adolescence inJabodetabek during the COVID-19 pandemic (r = 0.427, n = 153, p < 0.05, one-tailed). That is,the higher the middle adolescents' perception of their parents' expectations, the higher theirlearning motivation. The lower the middle adolescents’ perceptions of their parents' expectations,the lower their learning motivation. Further research can add learning achievement variable, aswell as differentiate information related to the participants' parents.

PENGARUH PERTUMBUHAN UMKM, INDEKS KETERBUKAAN PERDAGANGAN, PERTUMBUHAN PENDAPATAN PER KAPITA, DAN INDEKS PEMBANGUNAN MANUSIA TERHADAP PENGENTASAN KEMISKINAN DI 5 NEGARA ASEAN

This study aims to analyze the effect of MSME Growth, Trade Openness Index, Per Capita Income Growth, dan Human Development Index on Poverty Alleviation in 5 ASEAN Countries with the research period 2014-2019. The population of this study is poverty as measured in the proportion of the population below the poverty line. This study uses the Panel Data method, and the results show that there is no significant relationship between MSME Growth and Poverty Alleviation. Meanwhile, there is a significant relationship between the Trade Openness Index, Per Capita Income Growth, and the Human Development Index on Poverty Alleviation in 5 ASEAN Countries

The Effects of Childhood Abuse and Neglect on Anxiety, Anxiety Sensitivity and Academic Success: A University Sample

AbstractObjective: Child abuse and neglect which are the leading problems all over the world can cause major physical and mental effects. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of childhood abuse and neglect on anxiety symptoms, anxiety sensitivity and academic success in young adults.Material and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted with 301 volunteer participants aged between 17 and 24 and studying in the first year of university. ISPCAN Child Abuse Screening Tools (ICAST-R), Beck Anxiety Scale and Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3 forms were answered by the students who agreed to participate in the study and the students were asked to indicate the University Entrance Exams score. The data were statistically evaluated in theSPSS 22.0 database.Results: Of the 301 students 39.20% who participated in the study were exposed to abuse at least once before the age of 18 years. The most common types of exploitation was emotional abuse. The mean of the total score of the students taken from the Beck Anxiety Scale was 15.55±11.58 and it was found that there was a statistically significant relationship between anxiety levels and abuse status (p<0.001). It was found that there was a statistically significant relationshipbetween exploitation and anxiety sensitivity levels also (p<0.001). There was a statistically significant relationship between a history of abuse and university entrance exams success (p<0.001).Conclusion: According to findings in our study, being abused and neglected have strong influences on anxiety, anxiety sensitivity, and university untrance uxams score. The results were highly parallel to other studies with young adults. The psychiatric and sociological consequences of child abuse and neglect in the future can be protected with a multidisciplinary approach and adequate rehabilitation can be provided.

An assessment of the impact of public debts on development in Nigeria (2003-2020)

This study assessed the impact of public debt on development of Nigeria. It specifically investigatedthe relationship between human development index, per capital income, growth rate and public debt inNigeria from 2003 to 2020. This study adopted quantitative research design. Relevant data regarding thevariable’s under-study were extracted from the Debt Management Office (DMO-2020) and UNESCOInstitute of Statistics (2020) while regression model was used to analyze the data. The study revealedamong other things that; there is presence of co-integration (long-run relationship) among the variablesin the model. The t-statistics of -2.297997 with 0.0388 p-value implies negative and significant relationshipexists between foreign debt and human development index, t-statistics of 2.557340 with 0.0239p-values implies positive and significant relationship exists between foreign debt and per capital incomeand also t-statistics of -0.658730 with p-value of 0.5216 implies negative and insignificant relationshipexistence between foreign debt and growth rate. The overall result of the f-statistics of 4.109504 withProb.(F-statistic) of0.029617 shows that all the explanatory variables jointly have significant impact onforeign debt both in the short and long run. The study concluded that there is significant relationshipbetween public debt and development in Nigeria, depending on the variable of interest. Likewise, thestudy recommended among other things that government should ensure efficiency and effectiveness inthe public debt management due to the negative and significant influence of human development indexon development both in the long run and short run, also the negative and insignificant influence offoreign debt on development in Nigeria which is a pure indication of poor public debt management inthe country. Also, the component governments in Nigeria should reduce it public borrowing as it has asignificant inverse effect on the development of the country in the long run.Key words: Public debt, Per capital income, Human Development Index, Growth rate and Development.

ELEMENTARY SCHOOL TEACHERS IN EDUKASYONG PANTAHANAN AT PANGKABUHAYAN: INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) PROFICIENCY AND COMPETENCIES

This study aimed to determine the level of elementary school teachers? ICT proficiency and its effects on learners? competencies in Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan in the District of Santa Cruz, Laguna. Specifically the study attempted to answer the following: what is the teachers? ICT proficiency level with regards to attitudes, knowledge, skills, and utilization. It also aimed to answer the learners? ICT competencies in EPP relative to using powerpoint presentation, spreadsheets, and word document, and if there is a significant relationship between the elementary school teachers? ICT proficiency and the learners? competencies in EPP.Simple random sampling technique was used in the selection of the respondents. Data were gathered from forty (40) elementary educators from the Department of Education (DepEd) Division of Laguna, District of Santa Cruz. A survey questionnaire with a modified Likert scale was adopted and used to gather data. The gathered data was statistically computed and analyzed using the frequency, mean, standard deviation, and Pearson r formulas in describing the direction of the relationship between the teachers? ICT proficiency and learners? ICT skills and competencies.Findings of the study revealed that the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan Teachers? ICT proficiency based on high knowledge, attitudes, skills, and utilization range from high to very high; the learners? ICT skills and competencies in a word documents, spreadsheets, and PowerPoint presentations were moderately high; and there is no significant relationshipbetween the teachers? ICT proficiency and learners? ICT skills and competencies. It is concluded that there is no significant relationship between the teachers? ICT skills and competencies. Therefore the hypotheses were accepted. It is recommended that the proper supervision on the implementation of digitalization of the Philippines? educational system to cope with the demands of the 21st century and along with the teachers? training, the government may also strive to update the ICT infrastructure and allow the learners to have physical manipulation of the gadgets to achieve real-time experience.

ANALISIS HUBUNGAN PENGUASAAN LAHAN DAN POLA BAGI HASIL DENGAN TINGKAT KEMISKINAN PETANI PENGGARAP

This study aims to analyze the relationship between land tenure and profit sharing patterns with the povertylevel smallholder farmers using a quantitative approach. Data obtained by questionnaire. The respondentswere 396 farmers who were taken by proportionate random sampling technique. Data analysis using SPSSapplication version 23. Test the hypothesis with Spearman Rank statistics. There is a significant relationshipbetween land tenure and profit sharing patterns with poverty levels. With the current land tenure and productionsharing patterns, it turns out that most of the tenants in Maros Regency are vulnerable to poverty. For thisreason, it is necessary to have regulations and policies that enable these vulnerable poor tenants not to becomepoor with the use of available land, as well as mutually beneficial profit sharing schemes between land ownersand smallholders.

Factors of predicting the acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine in West Africa

Background: The aim of this study was to examine the factors predicting the acceptance of COVID 19 vaccines in West Africa, with a focus on Nigeria. Four (4) hypotheses were posed for this study. Methods: This study employed a descriptive method design. The sample size was comprised of 32,224 respondents, all Nigeria citizens. A multistage sampling technique was employed for the survey involving quantitative data. A questionnaire was used as the instrument for data collection. The data collected for this study were analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics (t-test and ANOVA). Results: The findings of this study revealed that there is a significant difference in COVID-19 vaccine acceptance based on age F (9, 32214) = 812.114, P<0.05, ƞ2=0.1849; based on gender differences t = (32222) = -21.808, P<0.05; based on religion t = (32222) = --75.228, P<0.05; and based on income F (4, 32219) = 740.394, P<0.05, ƞ2=0.084. Conclusion: The findings of this study show that there is a significant relationship between age, gender, religion, income and the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines in Nigeria. The findings further show that men are more vaccine-hesitant than women; older people find it easier to accept vaccination; Christians are more likely to accept COVID-19 vaccines than people from other religions. It is therefore recommended that religious leaders should be well educated on the health benefit of the COVID-19 vaccination and that the government should put more effort into improving the economy of the country so that the individual income can improve.

Evaluation of the Fibromyalgia and Related Risk Factors in Patients with Advanced Kidney Failure Undergoing Hemodialysis.

Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is defined as widespread and persistent pain in the musculoskeletal system. There are limited reports regarding the prevalence of fibromyalgia syndrome in patients with advanced kidney failure undergoing regular hemodialysis. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of fibromyalgia syndrome and its risk factors in a large proportion of patients under the hemodialysis condition. In this cross-sectional study, 293 patients who were admitted to the hemodialysis ward were evaluated for fibromyalgia syndrome in an educational hospital. The questionnaire was designed according to symptom severity score (SS score) and widespread pain index (WPI) criteria. The correlation between FMS and various variables, including demographic, clinical, and biochemistry biomarkers, was also precisely calculated by logistic regression. Data were analyzed using SPSS v.17 statistics software. The results showed that, of 293 hemodialysis patients, 130 patients (44.4%) had fibromyalgia, the mean age of patients with and without fibromyalgia was 61.09 ± 15.36 and 53.49 ± 15.38 years old, respectively (P = 0.001). Moreover, there was a significant difference in terms of gender among patients with fibromyalgia syndrome (P = 0.001). To note, there was no significant relationship between the kidney failure etiopathogenesis, duration of dialysis, body mass index (BMI), Kt/v index, history of peritoneal dialysis, and laboratory parameters with fibromyalgia in hemodialysis patients (P > 0.05). However, our findings revealed that both age and gender could be considered as the predictor variables associated with fibromyalgia in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Taken together, in this study, we found that age and gender would be the critical factors in terms of the fibromyalgia syndrome in patients undergoing hemodialysis.

Assessment of New E2 Protein Domain Interaction with PKR Protein to Control IFN Signaling

Introduction: Controversy exists regarding the impact of Phosphorylation Homology Domain (PePHD) of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) E2 protein on the interruption of the antiviral signaling pathway. A mechanism by which the virus evades the antiviral effect of interferon (IFN) alpha involves protein kinase (PKR) eukaryotic Initiation Factor 2 alpha (eIF2a) PePHD. By binding to PKR, PePHD inhibits its activity and, therefore, causes the virus to evade the antiviral activity of IFN. This study aimed to clarify the inconsistency of different conclusions reached in previous studies using reliable bioinformatics tools. Methods: Fifty-eight Iranian patients infected with HCV genotypes 1a and 3a and 58 healthy control individuals were examined. Plasma viral RNA was used to amplify and sequence the HCV E2 gene; also, HCV viral load, genotyping, IL-28B genotyping, alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) test were determined. Bioinformatics tools determined the physicochemical properties, B-cell epitopes, post-modification changes, and secondary/tertiary structures, and also evaluated the interactions between E2 and PePHD regions. Results: The results showed a new domain that is responsible for binding to PKR protein and is important to the intrigued antiviral response. Physicochemical features and post-modifications were defined, showing that E2 is highly phosphorylated and there were numerous possible disulfide bonds. Secondary and tertiary structures for E2 protein were constructed. No significant relationship between ALT and AST and treatment failure was detected. Conclusions: Docking analysis showed a new domain in E2 protein that can be involved in the interaction between PKR and E2 protein. This finding may justify our results revealing the non-significant relationship between mutations in PePHD and treatment failure.

I, The Impact of Adoption of IFRS 9 on the Value Relevance Accounting Information for the Companies Listed in ISX

This research aims to know the effect of adopting IFRS 9 on the relevance of the value of the accounting information of the companies in the Iraqi Stock Exchange. Researchers relied on analyzing the financial statements of 10 listed companies for years 2016 – 2019. Researchers used the Ohlson price model to test the relationship between accounting information and value relevance. The research indicated that there is a significant relationship between the adoption of IFRS 9 and the relevance of the value of the earnings and the book value, but the earnings information is more relevance than the book value information, it is due to the interest of investors in the income statement in making investment decisions.