Significant Reduction In TC Research Articles

Intra-pulmonary Shunting Moderates Rises in Pulmonary Vascular Resistance with Exercise in Endurance Athletes—A Novel Description of Exercise Physiology

Methods: ACS survivors not accessing cardiac rehabilitation were randomly allocated to conventional care (n= 72) or a modular risk factor reduction program (n= 72) packaged as a clinic visit plus telephone support. Risk factors were blindly assessed at baseline and 12 months and compared with the frequency of GP and Cardiologist consultations. Results: Most control and modular patients saw their GP ≥5 times (85% vs. 90%) and their Cardiologist at least once (65% vs. 57%). Modular patients were more likely than controls to see a Cardiologist ≥3 times (46% vs. 28%, p= 0.04) and had significantly lower levels for major risk factors at 12months. Controls hadno significant reduction in either TC or SBP irrespective of medical visit frequency including those who saw their Cardiologist ≥3 times. In the modular group, the significant reduction in TC was unrelated to medical visit frequency but the reduction in SBP was only significant in patients who saw their GP≥ 5 versus those who saw their GP≥ 4 times (−7.4± 15.9 vs. 7.8± 18.1mmHg, p< 0.001) or their Cardiologist at least once compared to no Cardiologist visits (−6.8± 17.8 vs. −2.1± 15.8mmHg, p< 0.01). Conclusion: Despite most ACS survivors in the control group seeing their doctors frequently they had no significant improvement in risk factors over 12months.Modular patients significantly reduced TC independent of medical visit frequency but SBP was reduced only in patients who s

Chronic kidney disease among diabetic patients in a primary care setting, in rural Greece

Background and Aim: The prevalence of thyroid dysfuncions and diabetes is high. Their combination is frequently bserved, andGPs are often dealingwithDMpatientswith disipidemia and subclinical hypothyroidism (SH). Our aim was o assess the association between SH and lipid abnormalities nd effect of l-thyroxin and statin therapy on lipid profiles in atients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Methods: In total 66 women with T2DM and SH were studed (mean age 43±7 years, mean diabetes duration 6±2 ears). SH was diagnosed based on results of thyroid hormone ests (mean TSH-5.1±1.2 IU/l; mean T3-1.6±0.2nmol/l and 4-65±10nmol/l). Patients were separated into two groups Gr.)—Gr.1: n=36, mean HbA1c: 7.6±2.2%, total cholesterol TC): 278±28mg/dl, LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C)-192±23mg/dl. herapy with statins was initiated. Gr.2: n=30, mean HbA1c: .5±2.3%, TC: 276±26mg/dl, LDL-C: 189±23mg/dl. No lipid educing drugs were used, patients were treated only with iet. Both group patients were on l-thyroxin therapy, T2DM as controlled with oral hypoglycemic agents. Results: Six months post study initiation following esults were obtained—Gr.1: significant reduction in TC: 57±36mg/dl (p=0.01), LDL-C: 173±28mg/dl (p=0.01). r.2: statistically evident reduction was not observed, TC: 75±26mg/dl, (p=0.25), LDL-C: 188±22mg/dl (p=0.25). bA1c levels dropped to 6.8±1.8% (Gr.1) and 6.7±1.7% (Gr.2). -Thyroxin administration resulted inTSH level normalization n both groups (3.75±0.17 IU/l). Conclusion: In pts with T2DM and SH levels of TC and LDL-C, re elevated, that increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. -Thyroxin therapy does not affect lipid metabolism, normalzation of lipid profiles can be achieved only with the use of ppropriate dyslipidemic therapy.

Cholesterol ester transfer protein ( CETP) Taq1B polymorphism influences the effect of a standardized cardiac rehabilitation program on lipid risk markers

Cardiac rehabilitation programs (CR) are standard treatment for patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), yet a large variation in risk factor and lipoprotein changes exists. We investigated the role of three common genetic polymorphisms ( CETP Taq1B, LIPC −514 and apo E) associated with alterations of lipoprotein metabolism, in patients before and after standardized CR. Three-hundred and seven patients were recruited for this study. DNA samples were collected and all three genotypes were determined for every patient. While the hepatic lipase LIPC promoter polymorphism and apo E genotype showed little or no correlation with response to CR, CETP Taq1B showed significant association with changes in plasma lipid and lipoproteins. The B1 homozygotes for CETP Taq1B genotype showed significant reduction in TC (−0.25 ± 0.07, p < 0.01), LDL-C (−0.15 ± 0.06, p < 0.050) and TG (−0.20 ± 0.08, p < 0.05). B2 carriers showed no significant change in these parameters. HDL-C, exercise capacity and BMI improved independent of genotype. Individuals with the B1B1 genotype appear to respond well to CR, whereas B2 carriers exhibit marginal gains in lipoprotein risk factors. Although the B2 carriers had similar benefits in exercise capacity and weight reduction, long-term consequences of little or no change in lipoprotein risk factors require further investigation to establish appropriate management strategies.

Thermoregulatory effects of chlorpyrifos in the rat: Long-term changes in cholinergic and noradrenergic sensitivity

Subcutaneous injection of a sublethal dose of chlorpyrifos (CHLP), an organophosphate (OP) pesticide, causes long-term inhibition in cholinesterase activity (ChE) of brain, blood, and other tissues. Such prolonged inhibition in ChE should lead to marked behavioral and autonomic thermoregulatory patterns, especially in terms of altered noradrenergic and cholinergic sensitivity. To evaluate the behavioral and autonomic effects of long-term ChE inhibition, Long-Evans rats were implanted with radiotelemetry transmitters that continuously monitored core temperature (Tc), heart rate (HR), and motor activity (MA). These parameters were monitored for 7 days following a single injection of peanut oil (vehicle control) or 280 mg/kg CHLP. CHLP led to a significant reduction in Tc during the first night after treatment but had no other effects on Tc. CHLP also resulted in a significant elevation in HR which lasted for ∼72 h. Motor activity was unaffected by CHLP. Cholinergic and noradrenergic drug sensitivity was assessed between 7 and 25 days after CHLP. CHLP-treated rats were more sensitive to norepinephrine as based on a greater hyperthermic response. MA of CHLP-treated rats was more sensitive to scopolamine. On the other hand, the hypothermic effects of oxotremorine (0.4 mg/kg) were nearly abolished by CHLP treatment, indicating tolerance to cholinergic stimulation. The tachycardic effects of methylscopolamine were also greater in the CHLP group. Overall, the acute effects of CHLP are unusual compared to other OP's in that there is no hypothermic response, an attenuated nocturnal elevation in Tc and a prolonged elevation in HR. The CHLP treated rat exhibits a prolonged elevation in HR, hypersensitivity to noradrenergic stimulation and cholinergic antagonism but hyposensitivity to central cholinergic stimulation.

A cytokinetic study of small-intestinal and colonic mucosa after resection of 70% of the small intestine.

Pulse-labelling with tritiated thymidine and a fraction of labelled mitoses experiments have been performed in order to investigate the proliferative changes induced at various sites in the hyperplastic small-intestinal mucosa of rats previously subjected to resection of 70% of the small intestine. Proliferative activity in the colon was also studied. In the distal ileum there is a significant reduction in cell cycle time (Tc) of cells at all levels within the crypt and the growth fraction falls. In the jejunum and proximal ileum the crypts contain an increased number of proliferating cells, but as the size of the maturation zone is also increased, there is no significant alteration in the relative number of proliferating cells per crypt. Nor does the distribution of proliferating cells in these crypts seem to alter. There is no general reduction in Tc at these sites, but there does appear to be a significant reduction in Tc on the part of the cells in the stem-cell zone at the crypt base. In neither proximal nor distal colon was there any significant proliferative change apparent after small-intestinal resection.