Significant Effect Of Pressure Research Articles

How academic pressure drives dropout intentions: The mediating roles of life satisfaction and stress in nursing students

BackgroundNursing education is characterized by intense academic pressure, which may impact students’ well-being and academic success. The mechanisms through which academic pressure influences dropout intention in nursing students remain unknown. AimThis study investigated the serial mediating effects of life satisfaction and stress in the relationship between academic pressure and dropout intention among nursing students. MethodsA cross-sectional study was used in this study. A total of 977 prelicensure nursing students from three nursing schools in the Philippines participated in the study. ResultsAcademic pressure was moderately prevalent among nursing students, with senior-year students reporting lower pressure compared to first and second year students. Academic pressure was positively associated with dropout intention and stress, and negatively associated with life satisfaction. Serial multiple mediation analysis revealed significant indirect effects of academic pressure on dropout intention through life satisfaction and stress. ConclusionIncreased academic pressure was associated with reduced life satisfaction, which in turn was linked to high stress levels, ultimately leading to an increased intention to drop out among nursing students.

Effects of microwave vacuum drying on drying characteristics, quality attributes and starch structure of germinated brown rice

Germinated brown rice (GBR) has high nutritional and health-promoting value, but the influence mechanism of microwave vacuum drying (MVD) on the quality properties of GBR is still unclear. This study investigated the effects of MVD parameters including microwave intensities (9, 12, and 15 W/g), drying temperatures (50, 60, and 70 °C), and vacuum pressures (0.03, 0.05, and 0.07 MPa) on the drying characteristics, quality attributes and starch structure of GBR. A falling-rate phase dominated the MVD process of GBR and temperature-controlled MVD significantly preserved the GABA content in GBR. MVD caused microstructural changes with rearrangement and gelatinization of starch granules in GBR. For the GBR under MVD, increasing the drying temperature resulted in a significant decrease in enthalpy (ΔH) and an increase in the degree of starch gelatinization (DSG) (P < 0.05), however, no significant effect of microwave intensity and vacuum pressure on ΔH and DSG (P > 0.05) was found. MVD reduced the relative crystallinity but hardly changed the crystal type or formed functional groups of starch molecules in GBR. Overall, temperature-controlled MVD conduced to the final quality of GBR. This study may provide a potential method to improve the quality attributes of GBR in product development applications.

Plume active control in high-power fiber laser welding based on high-speed shielding gas microbeam

Plume is an inherent physical phenomenon in fiber laser keyhole welding, negatively affecting welding quality. This paper proposes a new type of high-speed shielding gas microbeam (HSGM) based on the limitation of conventional shielding gas regulating plumes. The gas flow characteristics of the HSGM on the molten pool surface were explored using numerical simulation. Then, the coaxial double-layer shielding nozzle was trial-manufactured to clarify the regulation law for the HSGM on the plume. The gas velocity and pressure produced by the HSGM on the molten pool surface were positively correlated with the shielding gas flow rate, and the gas flow pattern was an acute triangle shape. The suitable HSGM can significantly restrain plume formation, improve the weld surface forming quality, increase the weld penetration depth (about 15.4%), and reduce the mass loss of the weld (about 58.7%). The significant blowing pressure effect of HSGM on plumes and splashes was the key to regulating the welding process. Compared with conventional shielding gas, the use of HSGM was significantly reduced.

The Effect of Internal Gas Pressure on the Compression Properties of Natural Rubber Foams.

This study explores the effect of internal gas pressure (P) on closed-cell natural rubber (NR) foams. Three key factors are analyzed using a 3D model during uniaxial compression: (1) the initial gas pressure (P0 = 1, 2, and 3 atm) inside the cells, (2) different cell sizes (D = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 mm in diameter), and (3) the presence of defects (holes in the cell walls) in terms of their sizes (d = 0.07 to 0.1 mm). The findings reveal a negative relationship between the initial gas pressure and the relative internal gas pressure (α = P/P0) and a direct correlation with stress during compression. For instance, a change from 1 to 3 atm of the initial internal gas pressure results in a 158% decrease in α with only a 3% increase in stress. Larger cell sizes contribute to higher α but lower stress levels during compression. Changing the cell size from 0.1 to 0.4 mm generates a 27% increase in α but a 45% drop in stress. An analysis of hole sizes (cell connection) indicates that larger holes result in higher relative internal gas pressure, while smaller holes lead to higher stress levels because of more flow restriction. For example, increasing the hole size from 0.07 to 0.1 mm leads to an 8% higher α but a 32% stress reduction. These findings highlight the significant effect of the internal gas pressure inside the cells in determining the mechanical properties of rubber foams, which are generally neglected. The results also provide useful insights for better material design and different industrial applications. This study also generates predictive models to understand the relationships between stress, strain, initial gas pressure, cell size, and defects (holes/connections), enabling the production of tailor-made rubber foams by controlling their mechanical behavior.

Correction of Plane Strain Analyses for Corrugated Metal Culverts Subjected to Patch Loads

Today, culverts are often analyzed and designed using plane strain finite element analyses in which a transverse slice of the structure is simulated and assumed equal to any other slice. Although this works well for soil loads, in reality live loads are discrete pressure loads from tires, and the out-of-plane effects can be significant, especially when cover depths are relatively low. While current design specifications define minimum cover that precludes significant localized pressure effects on culverts, many culverts are currently in service that were constructed under very shallow cover depths. In this study, analyses of corrugated metal culverts under truck load were carried out using two-dimensional (2D) (plane strain) and three-dimensional (3D) finite element analyses to assess the difference between structural responses predicted by these two approaches. Thirty-six culvert models with different shapes, spans, and cover depths were created using both 2D and 3D meshes. A significant difference was found between the results of these two analysis methods. Specifically, the thrust from the 3D models under shallow cover can be as much as three times the thrust results from the 2D model, which is unconservative from a safety standpoint. An innovative explanation was provided to explicate the differences. Finally, to address the issue, a reduction ratio method was developed to correct the 2D results to match the corresponding 3D results so that the relatively simple plane strain approach can be used.

The effect of pressure on degradation kinetics of polyphenols: Impact of polyphenol structure at hyperbaric storage conditions

Understanding reaction kinetics at elevated pressures is essential for developing efficient pressure-based technologies. It is especially vital for hyperbaric storage (HS), where pressure is applied for long durations. In single and multi-component models, the influence of pressure on the degradation kinetics of different catechins and anthocyanins was studied at accelerated conditions using neutral pH at pressures up to 200 MPa (HS levels) for several hours. In the neutral baroresistant buffer, pressure enhanced the degradation of all tested flavonoids with a negative activation volume. Despite the significant structural variety and major differences in the degradation rates within each tested subgroup, no significant structure-dependent effect of pressure on the activation volume was observed, which is suggestive of a similar mechanism by which pressure accelerates the degradation. The antioxidant capacity of catechins was not affected by pressure compared to control samples when the concentration of the original catechin was similar. Industrial relevanceA better understanding of pressure effects on the degradation reaction kinetics of food components can contribute to the general understanding of mechanisms related to food component degradation under high-pressure treatments. Plant-based foods are rich in polyphenolic compounds and responsible for sensory characteristics and their related health-promoting properties. In conditions similar to HS, that are known to inhibit and even, in some cases, inactivate microorganisms, when food is exposed to high pressures for a long time, it is imperative to investigate the effect of pressure on polyphenol degradation kinetics, which can lead to differences in the polyphenol compositions during the pressurized storage. However, the impact of pressure on polyphenol degradation kinetics is often overlooked. This study provides fundamental information regarding the polyphenol structure-dependent degradation kinetics of catechins and anthocyanins under pressure while taking into account the often overlooked pressure-induced pH shifts. The presented work can promote the development of novel storage and processing technologies based on high pressure that will better preserve oxidation-liable compounds with lower energetic costs.

Influence of structural modifications on mechanical and magnetic properties of Co2FeGa full Heusler alloys: A comparative study on L21 and XA structures

In this study we are investigating the effect of pressure and tetragonal distortion of Co2FeGa full Heusler compound in L21 and XA structures on the elastic, magnetic and thermomagnetic properties. Our approach for this is by using density functional theory (DFT) and Monte Carlo (MC) simulation. Our result reveals a significant effect of pressure on the magnetization and Curie temperature on both prototypes. The elastic constants calculated here determine the stable configuration on both structures. The exchange interaction is also influenced by the pressure. The same sort of behavior of the effect of tetragonal distortion is seen on the elastic constants, magnetization, and exchange interaction. Therefore, a detailed significant effect is found in this work and compared to previous studied.

The Finnegan Score for Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Revisited With Routine Electronic Data: Retrospective Study.

The severity of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) may be assessed with the Finnegan score (FS). Since the FS is laborious and subjective, alternative ways of assessment may improve quality of care. In this pilot study, we examined associations between the FS and routine monitoring data obtained from the electronic health record system. The study included 205 neonates with NAS after intrauterine (n=23) or postnatal opioid exposure (n=182). Routine monitoring data were analyzed at 60±10 minutes (t-1) and 120±10 minutes (t-2) before each FS assessment. Within each time period, the mean for each variable was calculated. Readings were also normalized to individual baseline data for each patient and parameter. Mixed effects models were used to assess the effect of different variables. Plots of vital parameters against the FS showed heavily scattered data. When controlling for several variables, the best-performing mixed effects model displayed significant effects of individual baseline-controlled mean heart rate (estimate 0.04, 95% CI 0.02-0.07) and arterial blood pressure (estimate 0.05, 95% CI 0.01-0.08) at t-1 with a goodness of fit (R2m) of 0.11. Routine electronic data can be extracted and analyzed for their correlation with FS data. Mixed effects models show small but significant effects after normalizing vital parameters to individual baselines.

In Situ/Operando Techniques for Unraveling Mechanisms of Ionic Transport in Solid-State Lithium Indium Halide Electrolyte

Over the past years, lithium-ion solid-state batteries have demonstrated significant advancements regarding such properties as safety, long-term endurance, and energy density. Solid-state electrolytes based on lithium halides offer new opportunities due to their unique features such as a broad electrochemical stability window, high lithium-ion conductivity, and elasticity at close to melting point temperatures that could enhance lithium-ion transport at interfaces. A comparative study of lithium indium halide (Li3InCl6) electrolytes synthesized through a mechano-thermal method with varying optimization parameters revealed a significant effect of temperature and pressure on lithium-ion transport. An analysis of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) data within the temperature range of 25–100 °C revealed that the optimized Li3InCl6 electrolyte reveals high ionic conductivity, reaching 1.0 mS cm−1 at room temperature. Herein, we present the utilization of in situ/operando X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and in situ X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) to investigate the temperature-dependent behavior of the Li3InCl6 electrolyte. Confirmed by these methods, significant changes in the Li3InCl6 ionic conductivity at 70 °C were observed due to phase transformation. The observed behavior provides critical information for practical applications of the Li3InCl6 solid-state electrolyte in a broad temperature range, contributing to the enhancement of lithium-ion solid-state batteries through their improved morphology, chemical interactions, and structural integrity.

시간압박과 창의성 간의 관계: 성취불안 및 성별의 영향

This study aims to investigate the influence of time pressure on creativity, considering the mediating effect of achievement anxiety and the potential moderating role of gender. The participants included 158 university students from K City. Data analysis involved the use of SPSS 22.0 and PROCESS Macro to examine both the mediating effect and moderated mediating effect. The findings revealed several key insights. Firstly, among the factors of achievement anxiety, facilitation anxiety was found to mediate the relationship between time pressure and creativity. However, gender did not demonstrate a moderating effect in this context. Secondly, disturbance anxiety did not mediate the relationship between time pressure and creativity, and gender did not exhibit a moderating role. Lastly, the combined model incorporating achievement anxiety demonstrated significant main effects of time pressure on both creativity and achievement anxiety. Higher levels of perceived time pressure were associated with increased achievement anxiety, ultimately leading to improved creativity. However, no significant gender-specific effects were observed, except for facilitation anxiety. This suggests that when performing creative tasks, time pressure and facilitation anxiety can increase creative potential by providing challenges and opportunities. Therefore, in creative education, it is implied that not only cognitive skills but also the individual characteristics and psychological environment of learners should be carefully considered.

Failure behavior of dielectric films for peaking capacitor subjected to surface flashover under nanosecond pulses

The flashover failure and damage of polypropylene (PP) and polyester (PET) films under nanosecond current pulses were experimentally investigated. A nanosecond pulse current test platform was established to study the flashover characteristics, performance degradation, and structural damage of dielectric films under repeated nanosecond current pulses. The accumulation and emission of surface charge influenced by field distortion and trap distribution were analyzed to clarify the mechanism by which the flashover voltage increases linearly with gas pressure at low pressure and saturates at high pressure. The significant effects of pulse energy, gas pressure, and discharge gap on film damage behavior were investigated. The damage pattern of PP and PET films includes surface deformation, reduced flash-voltage tolerance, molecular chain breakage, and group shedding. The damage of PP films is manifested as fine furrows, while PET corresponds to mountainous bumps. With the increasing number of discharges, the breakdown voltage of PP films decreased significantly, while the flash tolerance performance of PET films was more stable. Under the conditions of high pulse current amplitude, small discharge gap, and low air pressure, the damage degree of the film intensifies, which is characterized by severe destruction to the molecular structure and a significant decrease in flashover withstand voltage. Polymer films, flashover, nanosecond current pulses; performance degradation; microstructural damage.

THE EFFECT OF PRESSURE, OPPORTUNITY, AND RATIONALIZATION ON ACADEMIC FRAUD IN STUDENTS OF THE FACULTY OF ECONOMICS

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of pressure, opportunity, and rationalization on academic fraud on students of the Faculty of Economics, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, class of 2019. This research is a quantitative study using the survey method and using multiple regression analysis. The sample in this study were 110 students using purposive sampling. The results of this study show: (1) There is a positive and significant effect of pressure on academic fraud in students of the Faculty of Economics, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Class of 2019. (2) There is a positive and significant effect of opportunity on academic fraud in students of the Faculty of Economics, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Class of 2019. (3) There is a positive and significant effect of rationalization on academic fraud in students of the Faculty of Economics, Universitas Negeri of Jakarta. (4) There is a positive and significant influence of pressure, opportunity, and rationalization on academic fraud in students of the Faculty of Economics, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Class of 2019.

Peer Pressure, Information Technology Adoption, and Bank Performance

Manuscript type: Research paper Research aims: The study examines cross-sectional dependence among banks to invest in information technology-related assets. We also analyse the short- and long-term impacts of information technology (IT) adoption on banks’ profitability and the variations in effects between early and late adopters. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study uses autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) with dynamic fixed approach, standard fixed-effect ordinary least square and random effect model with double clustering regressions. Research findings: The study finds a positive effect of peer pressure on a bank’s investment in IT assets. It also documents that IT adoption reduces short-term profitability, but the joint effect of early adoption increases both short- and long-term profitability. Theoretical contribution/Originality: The study contributes to the banking and technology adoption literature by showing the evidence on a positive and significant effect of peer pressure on IT adoption. Practitioner/Policy implications: The findings are significant for the banking sector’s policy makers in emerging economies. Research limitation: The findings may not be applicable in the context of a developed economy with a strong IT infrastructure.

LONG TERM EFFECT OF RENAL DENERVATION ON 24 HOUR ABPM AND BLOOD PRESSURE LOAD IS LARGELY DEPENDENT OF BASELINE ARTERIAL STIFFNESS

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the long term effect of renal sympathetic denervation (RSD) on 24h ambulatory blood pressure measurement (ABPM) and blood pressure load (BP load) in patients with resistant hypertension depending of the baseline arterial stiffness status. Design and method: Consecutive patients with resistant hypertension who underwent RSD workout at the University Hospital Saint Anna, Sofia, ESH Excellence center of hypertension, were included. RSD was performed on the grounds of resistant hypertension defined as mean daytime systolic BP &gt;135 mmHg or diastolic BP &gt;85 mmHg in 24-hr ambulatory blood pressure measurement (ABPM) despite the intake of at least three antihypertensive agents, including a diuretic. Cardio ankle vascular index (CAVI) was measured using the VaSera system (Fukuda Denshi Co, Japan). RSD was performed with the Symplicity Flex™ catheter (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, USA) according to a standardized protocol. Results: The study included 32 patients with treatment-resistant hypertension and performed successful RSD. CAVI was measured before the intervention and the results of the procedure on 24h daytime, nighttime and 24 blood pressure and systolic and diastolic BP load were evaluated by serial ABPM measurements. A long-term effect of the RSD, reported as a reduction in 24-hour systolic blood pressure above 10 mmHg at month 12, was found in 22 patients (68.8%). Despite similar baseline out-of-office and office blood pressure and concomitant antihypertensive therapy, patients with lower arterial stiffness had a more significant blood pressure effect of renal denervation, a result that persisted within 12 months of follow-up. Along with reduction of all ABPM parameters more profound and clinically meaningful change of BP load during daytime, nighttime and 24h period was also noticed in this group of patients. (Table 1) Conclusions: The long term effect of renal denervation on 24h ABPM and BP load is largely dependent of baseline arterial stiffness. The results of the present study justify the incorporation of arterial stiffness evaluation in clinical decision workout of the procedure.

The effect of permissive parenting style and peer pressure on disruptive behavior: An explanatory study

This research aims to examine the influence of permissive parenting style and peer pressure on disruptive behavior of students at Muhammadiyah 2 Yogyakarta junior high school The research method used is a quantitative-correlational method with a prediction design. The population of this research is 498 students who were registered as 7th and 8th graders in the 2021/2022 academic year. The research subjects consist of 74 students, selected using purposive sampling technique, with the criteria that they perceive their parents as permissive and have been identified to have a tendency towards disruptive behavior. The measuring instruments used consist of the disruptive behavior scale, the permissive parenting style scale, and the peer pressure scale. The analysis technique used is multiple regression. The findings of this study indicate that there is a significant simultaneous effect of permissive parenting style and peer pressure on disruptive behavior. The effective contribution produced is 42%. Permissive parenting style partially does not have an influence on disruptive behavior, while peer pressure significantly affects the occurrence of disruptive behavior. The school is recommended to increase its awareness of peer pressure that triggers disruptive behavior in students. Parents are expected to adjust their parenting style to minimize the growth of disruptive behavior in children.

Quantification of the impact of pore pressure on relative permeability curves utilizing coreflood unit with gamma ray scanning capability

Physics of multiphase flow in porous media at Darcy scale heavily relies on the concept of relative permeability. Moreover, relative permeability is an important input parameter for numerical reservoir simulation for multiphase flow in porous media. Often fixed set of relative permeability curves is applied for the entire complex large-scale reservoir models whilst the pressure typically declines during a field’s production. In this study, we are experimentally focusing on investigating the effect of high pressures on relative permeability curves.We use a state-of-the-art custom-made relative permeability steady-state flow system with integrated gamma-ray scanning. We limit the fluids to a model oil, brine, and rock to avoid any secondary effects of fluid-rock interactions, such as wettability alteration, asphaltenes, and gas-dissolution, miscibility, and interaction of phase behavior and flow. We run the relative permeability scans at a fixed temperature (isotherm) and at several pore pressure values (isobars), such as 2000, 4000, 6000, and 8000 psi with fixed and variable net confining pressures. To be able to perform the analysis more diligently, we observe the in-situ phase saturations via two methods: mass balance and gamma-ray scanning. The resulting relative permeability curves are then compared to each other to examine the impact of pressure. We did not observe significant pressure effect on relative permeability measurements in simple model system used in this work, where minimal fluid-fluid and fluid-rock interactions occur. However, the outcome of this work should not be extended to more complex systems where strong fluid-fluid and rock-fluid interactions take place, such as gas flooding with strong solubility effects, and chemical flooding.Systematic analysis of the pressure effect on relative permeability is extremely scarce in the literature, even though the pressure varies significantly in the reservoir during the lifetime of the field. Therefore, it is essential to understand pressure effect on relative permeability under well controlled laboratory conditions. The outcomes of this paper may help engineers to improve their model predictions during field development and therefore decision-making processes.

Using near-infrared spectroscopy to investigate the effects of pressures and durations of cupping therapy on muscle blood volume and oxygenation.

Cupping therapy has been widely used to manage musculoskeletal impairment. However, the effects of pressure and duration of cupping therapy on the hemodynamic activity of the muscle have not been investigated. A 2 × 2 repeated measures factorial design was used to examine the main effect and interaction of pressure (-225 and -300 mmHg) and duration (5 and 10 min) on biceps muscle blood flow using near-infrared spectroscopy in 18 participants. The results showed that a significant interaction is between pressure and duration on deoxy-hemoglobin (p = 0.045). A significant main effect of pressure is on oxyhemoglobin (p = 0.005) and a significant main effect of duration is on oxyhemoglobin (p = 0.005). Cupping therapy at -300 mmHg for 10 min results in a higher oxyhemoglobin (6.75 ± 2.08 μM) and deoxy-hemoglobin (1.71 ± 0.78 μM) compared to other three combinations. Our study provides first evidence that the pressure and duration factors of cupping therapy can significantly affect muscle blood volume and oxygenation.

The heat is on: Investigating the effect of psychological pressure on competitive performance in elite surfing

ABSTRACT Competitive sport often creates a high-stake and thus a high-pressure environment for its athletes. In the past, research has pointed to the negative effect that competitive pressure might have on skills and movement executions that have been perfected through prior practice. The Attentional Control Theory: Sport (ACTS) suggests that specifically high situational pressure and prior performance failures may negatively affect an athlete’s subsequent performance. This study aimed to investigate the influence of situational pressure and previous performance errors on performance (i.e., wave score) in elite surfing while considering various contextual factors. A total of 6497 actions, performed by 80 elite surfers (female n = 28; male n = 52), were annotated based on video recordings of the 2019 World Championship Tour (WCT). A multi-level model was used to analyse the effect of pressure, previous errors and other contextual factors on the wave scores of individual surfers (i.e., events were nested within athletes). Partially confirming previous research, prior errors caused a significant decrease in surfing performance on the following ride. However, neither a significant effect of situational pressure on performance nor inter-individual differences in how prior-errors and situational pressure affected performance were found.

Exploring moderating effects of industry 4.0 adoption on sustainable performance of Malaysian manufacturing organizations

ABSTRACT Industry 4.0 adoption helps businesses to achieve sustainable operations. This study aims to identify the drivers of firms’ sustainable performance and explore the moderating role of industry 4.0 adoption on financial, environmental, and social sustainable performance. The triple bottom line, resource-based view, and stakeholder theory were used as the foundational theories and data was collected from 269 Malaysian manufacturing three organizations. The results showed significant effects of stakeholder pressure, organization capabilities, green marketing, and green entrepreneurial orientation on organizational sustainable performance. Meanwhile, the direct impacts of organizational sustainable performance on financial, environmental, and social aspects were supported. Industry 4.0 adoption showed remarkable moderating effects on financial and environmental aspects of sustainable performance. The study provides manufacturers with significant insights into how they need to respond to sustainable development in effective ways. The findings can assist managers and policymakers in setting strategic plans to achieve sustainable performance through industry 4.0 adoption.

CFD Simulation on Aerodynamic Performance of Hyperloop Vehicle

Aerodynamic drag is one of the most opposing factors for ground vehicle. This becomes even more difficult while travelling through a tunnel. The Evacuated- Tube Trains (ETTs) or Hyperloop’s are a new concept of ground transportation presently being developed by many different companies. The main purpose of an Hyperloop can be displayed as a cheaper medium of ground transport, which could allow its consumers to propagate to different places at a cheaper and faster rate compared to the present day locomotives and road transport. Passengers can travel at over 700 mph in floating capsules that swoop along within gigantic low-pressure tubes that are either below or above surface. This study analyses the Hyperloop designs using Computational Fluid Dynamics software ANSYS FLUENT. The effects of operating speed, Capsule shape and internal tube pressure have been studied in this paper. The flow inside the tube is considered as turbulent and incompressible. The software simulation results show the significant effects of inside pressure and operating speed on the aerodynamic drag of the capsule. Study with different shapes for the Capsule’s front and rear end suggest the most optimum shape for least aerodynamic drag.