Significant Predictors Of Behavioral Intention Research Articles

Influence of the Quality of Food, Service, and Physical Environment on Customer Satisfaction and Behavioral Intention in Quick-Casual Restaurants: Moderating Role of Perceived Price

This study examined the relationships between three determinants of quality dimensions (predictors: food, service, and physical environment), price (moderator), and satisfaction and behavioral intention (criterion) in quick-casual restaurants. Despite the importance of foodservice quality, academics and managers know relatively little about how the combined effects of quality (food, service, and physical environment) elicit customer satisfaction which, in turn, affects behavioral intention. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis with interactions showed that quality of food, service, and physical environment were all significant determinants of customer satisfaction. In addition, perceived price acted as a moderator in the satisfaction formation process. Finally, the results indicated that customer satisfaction is indeed a significant predictor of behavioral intention. The findings may provide restaurateurs with a guideline for enhancing customer satisfaction and behavioral intention level.

Effects of a health-educational and psychological intervention on socio-cognitive determinants of skin protection behaviour in individuals with occupational dermatoses

Occupational skin diseases are a significant public health concern. Little is known about the cognitive representations individuals with occupational skin disease have towards measures of personal skin protection and occupational safety and whether they change during an intervention. We aimed to evaluate whether social cognitions as embodied by the theory of planned behaviour become more favourable during a tertiary inpatient individual prevention programme (TIP) and whether the model's predictions hold in a setting to which the model has not been applied. We used a longitudinal design. A questionnaire, assessing the theory of planned behaviour variables attitude, subjective and descriptive norm, perceived behavioural control and behavioural intention was developed and administered to 101 patients before (at admission) and after (at discharge) a 3-week inpatient TIP. The scales showed good internal consistency. Before the TIP, patients had favourable cognitions towards skin protection measures and these improved during the TIP. Attitude, perceived behavioural control and intention to perform skin protection significantly increased during TIP. Attitude and perceived behavioural control were significant predictors of behavioural intention in multiple regression analyses with perceived behavioural control being the strongest predictor in the equations. Descriptive norm was a significant predictor of intention only at admission but not at discharge. This is the first study attempting to explain the motivation to perform skin protection measures in patients with occupational skin disease by applying an otherwise well established health-behaviour theory. The results emphasise the importance of health-educational and psychological interventions for patients with occupational skin disease. Promoting personal control over and attitudes towards skin protection measures may enhance the occupational health of individuals with occupational skin disease.

The influence of parental monitoring and communication on adolescents sexual behavior and intentions

This study examined the influence of parental monitoring and communication on behavior and behavioral intentions for a broad range of sexual behavior among early adolescents. The participants (ages 11–16) reported on the sexual behaviors they had engaged in (from holding hands to vaginal sex) and their intentions to engage in these behaviors in the next 12 months. The results were different for males versus females. For males, parental monitoring was more likely to be associated with behavior. For females, parental monitoring was more likely to be associated with behavioral intentions. Parental communication was not associated with any of the behaviors for males and only associated with behavioral intentions for French kissing among females. Across both males and females past behavior was a significant predictor of behavioral intentions. The importance of sexual risk interventions that take into consideration a broad range of sexual behaviors is discussed in this article.

Reasoned Action and Food Choice in a Transitional Economy

ABSTRACT This study examines predictive factors of consumer behaviour in food, employing a study of 485 Romanian respondents using the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA). Drawing on a structural equation models approach, causal paths for six products were estimated. Habit emerged as the most significant predictor of behavioral intention. The results of this empirical study support the notion that attitudes and habits influence behavioral intentions toward food consumption. A modification of the TRA, within the context of income constraints, is proposed in the form of willingness to consume. Competing structural models are discussed, and the implications of the study for both marketers and consumers are highlighted.

Shopping value in online auctions: Their antecedents and outcomes

Online auctions present unique characteristics in the consumer decision-making process that raise new issues related to consumer shopping behaviors in auction-based purchases. The present research examined the relationship between consumer characteristics (i.e., compulsive buying behavior, variety-seeking tendency, and price sensitivity) and shopping value (i.e., utilitarian and hedonic) in online auctions and found that both compulsive buying behavior and variety-seeking tendency are critical factors of shopping value in the online auction environment. There were no positive relationships between price sensitivity and shopping value. The results of this study also revealed that consumers’ shopping value positively influenced their preference, which, in turn, formed behavioral intentions in online auctions. While utilitarian value was found to be a significant predictor of behavioral intentions, hedonic value was not. However, hedonic value influenced intentions indirectly through preference.

Reservations of the Spirit: The Development of a Culturally Sensitive Spiritual Beliefs Scale About Organ Donation

This study investigated whether spiritual beliefs offered any explanation for why participants from Korea (N = 146), Japan (N = 134), and the United States (N = 146) were willing or reluctant to register as organ donors. A culturally appropriate measure of spiritual beliefs about organ donation, the Spiritual Beliefs Scale, was developed consisting of 2 factors: (a) Spiritual Connection and (b) Spiritual Concern. Spiritual Connection was a significant predictor of behavioral intention to become an organ donor for Korean respondents, whereas Spiritual Concern was a significant predictor of reluctance to become an organ donor for American respondents. Spiritual beliefs correlated as predicted with attitude toward organ donation and fear of bodily mutilation, showing that the Spiritual Beliefs Scale exhibited internal, external, and predictive validity. Across the 3-country sample, Spiritual Connection was associated with greater willingness to become an organ donor for women, whereas Spiritual Concern inhibited participation for men. Implications of these findings are discussed for developing culturally effective education and procurement campaigns.

Examining Consumer Behavior Toward Genetically Modified (GM) Food in Britain

This study examined behavior toward genetically modified (GM) food in a British community-based sample. We used an equivalent gain task in which participants actually received the options they chose to encourage truthful responding. In conjunction with this, theory of planned behavior (TPB) components were evaluated so as to examine the relative importance of behavioral influences in this domain. Here, the TPB was extended to include additional components to measure self-identity, moral norms, and emotional involvement. Results indicated that the monetary amounts participants accepted in preference to GM food were significantly lower than those accepted in preference to non-GM food. However, the vast majority of participants were indifferent between GM and non-GM food options. All TPB components significantly predicted behavioral intentions to try GM food, with attitudes toward GM being the strongest predictor. Self-identity and emotional involvement were also found to be significant predictors of behavioral intentions but moral norms were not. In addition, behavioral intentions significantly predicted behavior; however, PBC did not. An additional measure of participants' propensity to respond in a socially desirable manner indicated that our results were not influenced by self-presentation issues, giving confidence to our findings. Overall, it appears that the majority of participants (74.5%) would purchase GM food at some price.

Behavioral Goals for a Diverse Organization: The Effects of Attitudes, Social Norms, and Racial Identity for Asian Americans and Whites

This research identified 5 behaviors that may enhance the effectiveness of a diverse organization and used Fishbein and Ajzen's (1975) theory of reasoned action to identify predictors of these behaviors. Results from samples of White and Asian undergraduate students from 2 universities generally supported the Fishbein and Ajzen model. Attitudes and subjective norms were significant predictors of behavioral intentions when gender, race, and social desirability bias were controlled. Racial identity also had a significant, positive effect on attitudes toward diversity‐related behaviors among the Asian American students, but no significant effect among Whites. These results supported our reasoning that members of historically excluded racial groups with strong racial identities will be most likely to welcome organizational attempts to become more pluralistic because pluralism means that their valued identities will be respected rather than repressed.

Relations among Exercise Imagery, Self-Efficacy, Exercise Behavior, and Intentions

The purpose of the present study was to determine whether exercise imagery contributed to the prediction of exercise behavior and intentions over and above self-efficacy. Whereas self-efficacy has been demonstrated to be a robust predictor of exercise intentions and behavior such a role of imagery has not been examined. Imagery, however, has been postulated to be a potential source of self-efficacy beliefs, therefore, it is possible that the influence of these two variables might not be independent. Recently, different types of self-efficacy (task, coping, and scheduling) and different types of imagery (appearance, technique, and energy) have been proposed and associated with different levels of exercise involvement. The relative influence of these types of self-efficacy and imagery was assessed in two samples of exercisers ( n = 388, n = 223) using hierarchical regressions. Results indicated that scheduling and coping efficacy were important predictors of exercise behavior, and that two types of self-efficacy and appearance imagery were significant predictors of behavioral intention. These results offer support for different functions of the different types of self-efficacy and imagery. They also suggest that influence of self-efficacy and imagery on behavioral intentions is not redundant.

Factors associated with students' intentions to engage in science learning activities

The determinants of fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth graders' intentions to perform science learning activities were investigated. Ajzen and Fishbein's theory of reasoned action was used to assess students (n = 254) on their laboratory and nonlaboratory behavioral intentions, which required using the two determinants included in the theory (attitude toward the behavior and subjective norm) as well as five external variables identified by the researcher. The five external variables were gender, grade, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status as determined by the range of the family's annual income, and attitude toward science. Two models were tested. The first model included the two determinants as predictor variables and behavioral intention as the criterion. The second model involved the analysis of the two determinants as they were considered in subgroups according to the five external variables. This model also included interaction terms. For laboratory learning activities, the two determinants (attitude toward behavior and subjective norm) were found to contribute collectively to the prediction of behavioral intention, accounting for almost a fourth of the variance. For nonlaboratory learning activities, the two determinants accounted for over a fourth of the variance in behavioral intention. Testing of the second model revealed that for both laboratory and nonlaboratory behavioral intentions, no interaction terms were significant. The results of post hoc tests on significant predictors of behavioral intentions for laboratory and nonlaboratory activities are reported. Implications of this study on future research are also discussed. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 36: 455–473, 1999

Factors associated with students' intentions to engage in science learning activities

The determinants of fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth graders' intentions to perform science learning activities were investigated. Ajzen and Fishbein's theory of reasoned action was used to assess students (n = 254) on their laboratory and nonlaboratory behavioral intentions, which required using the two determinants included in the theory (attitude toward the behavior and subjective norm) as well as five external variables identified by the researcher. The five external variables were gender, grade, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status as determined by the range of the family's annual income, and attitude toward science. Two models were tested. The first model included the two determinants as predictor variables and behavioral intention as the criterion. The second model involved the analysis of the two determinants as they were considered in subgroups according to the five external variables. This model also included interaction terms. For laboratory learning activities, the two determinants (attitude toward behavior and subjective norm) were found to contribute collectively to the prediction of behavioral intention, accounting for almost a fourth of the variance. For nonlaboratory learning activities, the two determinants accounted for over a fourth of the variance in behavioral intention. Testing of the second model revealed that for both laboratory and nonlaboratory behavioral intentions, no interaction terms were significant. The results of post hoc tests on significant predictors of behavioral intentions for laboratory and nonlaboratory activities are reported. Implications of this study on future research are also discussed. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 36: 455–473, 1999

Effect of attitudes and subjective norms on intention to provide oral care to patients receiving antineoplastic chemotherapy.

The Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) served as the conceptual framework for this study, which was designed to examine the effect of attitudes and subjective norms on intention to provide oral care for patients receiving chemotherapy. The sample, stratified by type of health care facility, consisted of staff nurses (N = 85) who work in oncology settings in New York State. Data were collected by sending 10 questionnaires to a designee at the randomly chosen facility. Both attitudes and subjective norms were significant predictors of behavioral intention, predicting 39% of the variance. Using the strategy devised by Laschinger and Goldenberg, the sample was divided into two groups: those that scored below the mean on behavioral intention (nonintenders) and those above the mean (intenders). Nonintenders scored significantly lower on attitudes and subjective norms than intenders. The TRA was not supported when examining the data of the nonintenders, whereas for the intenders the theory did operate as designed, predicting 23% of the variance in behavioral intention.

Attitudinal Versus Normative Influence in the Purchase of Brand‐Name Casual Apparel

The Fishbein behavioral intention model, which comprises attitudinal (personal) and normative (interpersonal) components of behavior, was used to predict behavioral (purchase) intention of brand‐name casual apparel. The objective was to identify the relative importance of the attitudinal component versus the normative component as a determinant of behavioral intention. The sample consisted of 142 college students (87 men, 55 women). Multiple regression analysis showed that the attitudinal component and the normative component were statistically significant predictors of behavioral intentions; however, the attitudinal component played a more important role than the normative component. Moreover, structural aspects of the attitudinal component were examined using factor analysis. The attitudinal component was categorized into two dimensions: aesthetic andfunctional. Recommendations and implications were made for manufacturers and retailers, suggesting possible marketing strategies.

Prediction of calcium supplement use among college students: Application of the theory of reasoned action

As part of a survey on vitamin and mineral food supplement use at Pima Community College (Tucson, AZ), 247 students were exposed to a pamphlet emphasizing the need for calcium throughout life. The Theory of Reasoned Action was then used as a model to predict intention to consume supplemental calcium. Attitudes were found to be significant predictors of behavioral intention. Normative influences (family, friends and physicians) were much less strong. The beliefs most predictive of attitude were that calcium would improve disease resistance and that it provided good value for the money. Other beliefs of importance to the students were that calcium's use was scientifically based and that it contributed to a good diet. Intention to take supplemental calcium was highly correlated with user status: food supplement users were significantly more likely than non-users to report intention to take calcium. The findings indicate the utility of theory-driven research in nutrition. Using a model such as the Theory of Reasoned Action, individual beliefs and normative influences can be identified for target populations, facilitating the development of more appropriate nutrition education materials.

Understanding and predicting attitudes towards computers

Two studies were conducted to assess the ability of the theory of reasoned action (Ajzen & Fishbein, 1980) to predict computer-related attitudes and behavior. In the first study, 238 participants responded to a questionnaire concerning their intentions to engage in several different computer-related behaviors, and the attitudes and beliefs underlying those intentions. The results indicated that attitudes towards the behaviors were significant predictors of behavioral intentions, and that different beliefs underlay the different kinds of behavioral intentions. In Study 2, belief statements from Study 1 were used in a persuasive communication designed to enhance attitudes towards word processing. Subjects entered these belief statements onto the computer themselves, using a simple word-processing package. Beliefs which had been identified as more salient were more effective in changing attitudes than were less salient beliefs. Results were discussed with regard to their implications for computer training.

The influence of attitudes and current friends on drug use intentions.

Summary The relationship between (a) attitudes about the consequences of drug use and drug use patterns of current friends and (b) behavioral intentions for future drug use was investigated among a representative sample of all men in the general population who were between 20–30 years in 1974 (N = 2510). Assessed were the determinants of behavioral intentions for use of alcohol, cocaine, heroin, marijuana, opiates, psychedelics, sedatives, and stimulants. The results indicated a strong, significant positive relationship between (a) both attitudes and friends' use and (b) intentions to use various drugs. These two components were independent and significant predictors of behavioral intentions to use each drug. In addition, they remain relatively unchanged, substantively important, and statistically significant predictors of behavioral intentions when controlling for self-reported past drug behavior. Finally, however, they are not sufficient predictors as reported in earlier research. Instead the effect of ...