Significant Positive Effect Research Articles

Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth Nexus: Evidence from Zambia

Purpose: This study examines the short-run and long-run impact of the expansionary fiscal policy on economic growth in Zambia from 1991 to 2021. Materials and Methods: The study employs the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) and Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Models to examine the short-run and long-run impact of total public expenditure, total tax revenue and total public debt time series data on the gross domestic product (GDP) of Zambia from 1991 to 2021. The Keynesian theory informed our study, which presupposes that the unemployment problem might be solved by boosting government spending on consumption and that government spending was an exogenous factor that contributed to economic growth (Keynes, 1936; Singh & Sahni, 1984). Findings: Both the VECM and ARDL Models show the existence of statistically significant long-run cointegration among public expenditure, external debt, tax revenue and GDP. Specifically, VECM estimates show that for a 1% increase, Tax revenues have a positive long-run significant effect on Zambia’s economic growth of 3.36%, while external debt and public expenditure have significant negative effects on the economic growth of 1.17% and 0.003% in Zambia respectively. The ARDL model estimates indicate that, in the short run, an increase in tax revenue of 1% increases GDP growth by 1.92%, while a rise in government expenditure and external debt by 1% results in a decline in Zambia’s economic growth by 0.003% and 6.14% respectively. Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: Given the foregoing findings, the therefore study recommends that the Government of Zambia should widen the tax base to mobilize more tax revenues and reduce the budget deficits emanating from high government expenditures. External public debt should also be reduced.

Psychological Resilience and Organizational Commitment: Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction

This study examined the relationship between psychological resilience, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment. The study, which was conducted with the relational survey model, was attended by 204 women and 176 men, 380 people in total (MAge=37,87±7,88) working in the Directorate of Youth and Sports. Participants answered the personal information form, "The Brief Resilience Scale (BRS)", "Job Satisfaction Scale (JSS)" and "Organizational Commitment Scale (OCS)". After data collection, the basic assumptions of parametric tests were tested, and a model was created to examine the relationship between "BRS", "JSS" and "OCS" and the causal relationship between the latent variables was analyzed with the Structural Equation Model. The Pearson correlation analysis results showed significant positive correlations between the mean scores of "BRS", "JSS" and "OCS". When the goodness of fit values of the model were examined, it was found that all values were within acceptable limits. SEM results showed that psychological resilience had direct positive significant effects on job satisfaction (βBRS-JSS=0.22; p

Durability of Effects of Cognitive Remediation on Cognition and Psychosocial Functioning in Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.

Cognitive remediation provides substantial improvements in cognitive performance and real-world functioning for people living with schizophrenia, but the durability of these benefits needs to be reassessed and better defined. The aims of this study were to provide a comprehensive assessment of the durability of the benefits of cognitive remediation for cognition and functioning in people living with schizophrenia and evaluating potential moderators of effects. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and PsycINFO, and reference lists of included articles and Google Scholar were inspected. Eligible studies were randomized clinical trials of cognitive remediation in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders in which follow-up assessments were included. Screening and data extraction were performed by at least two independent reviewers. Cohen's d was used to measure outcomes. Primary outcomes were changes in cognition and functioning from baseline to conclusion of follow-up. Moderators of the durability of effects were assessed. Of 2,840 identified reports, 281 full texts were assessed and 130 reports on 67 studies with 5,334 participants were included. Cognitive remediation produced statistically significant positive effects that persisted at the end of follow-up in global cognition (d=0.23) and in global functioning (d=0.26). Smaller study samples and single-center studies were associated with better cognitive outcomes; longer treatment and follow-up duration, techniques for transferring cognitive gains to the real world, integration with psychiatric rehabilitation, group format of delivery, and more female participants in the sample were associated with better functional outcomes. Cognitive remediation provides durable improvements in cognition and functioning in schizophrenia. This finding corroborates the notion that cognitive remediation should be implemented more widely in clinical and rehabilitation practice.

고령자의 구강건강 관련 삶의 질에 영향을 미치는 사회경제적 요인 분석

This study aims to empirically analyze whether the socioeconomic factors of the elderly have effects on their oral health-relatedquality of life. For this purpose, the study explained major socioeconomic factors that could have effects on the oral health-related qualityof life of the elderly through a theoretical review. The study then conducted a panel regression analysis by organizing the data of 2018(7th)and 2020(8th) Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing(KLoSA) into a balanced panel and applying a fixed effect model. The analysis resultsshow that employment, gross household income, net household assets, and private health insurance purchasing had statistically significantpositive effects on the oral health-related quality of life of the elderly over time. These analysis results demonstrate that socioeconomicfactors have a huge impact on the oral health-related quality of life of the elderly. Based on these findings, the study discussed the perspectiveof health equity, offered policy implications to enhance the oral health-related quality of life of the elderly, and mentioned a need for afollow-up study.

Intellectual Stimulation and Performance of Water Works Development Agencies in Kenya.

This study sought to examine the effect of intellectual stimulation on performance of water works development agencies(WWDA) in Kenya and to determine the moderating effect of legal framework on the relationship between the intellectual stimulation and performance of water works development agencies (WWDA) in Kenya. A descriptive research design and positivist research paradigm was adopted. The population of this study was the 116 projects in the 8 Water Works Development Agencies (WWDAs) while the unit of observation was 116 projects in the organizations. This study employed stratified random sampling in selecting the sample. The study used primary data collected using a semi structured questionnaire. Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) computer software version 26. Qualitative data collected was analyzed using content analysis and presented in prose form. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics included mean, standard deviation, frequencies, and percentages. The study also computed correlation analysis to measure strength and the direction of linear relationship between variables. Regression model was fitted to the data to determine how the independent variable affect the dependent variable. The study further used hierarchical multiple regression models to measure the moderating effect of legal framework. The findings were presented in tables and figures. The study found that intellectual stimulation had a positive and significant relationship with the performance of WWDA in Kenya. On the moderator, the study found that legal framework has positive significant moderating effect on the relationship between intellectual stimulation and performance of WWDA in Kenya. Based on the findings, WWDA should encourage intellectual stimulation among their leaders to improve their performance. This can be done by providing opportunities for employees to engage in creative thinking and problem-solving activities. Leaders should also encourage employees to challenge their assumptions and biases, and to explore new and innovative ways of doing things. It is also important for leaders to provide training and development opportunities for their employees, which can enhance their knowledge and skills. Furthermore, leaders should create a culture of continuous learning, where employees are encouraged to seek out new information and ideas. Additionally, there is a need to establish effective legal frameworks that ensure transparency, fairness, and accountability in the management of public infrastructure projects, particularly those related to performance of WWDA in Kenya.

Effects of canopy gaps on microclimate, soil biological activity and their relationship in a European mixed floodplain forest

Forest canopy gaps can influence understorey microclimate and ecosystem functions such as decomposition. Gaps can arise from silviculture or tree mortality, increasingly influenced by climate change. However, to what degree canopy gaps affect the buffered microclimate in the understorey under macroclimatic changes is unclear. We, therefore, investigated the effect of forest gaps differing in structure and size (25 gaps: single tree gaps up to 0.67 ha cuttings) on microclimate and soil biological activity compared to closed forest in a European mixed floodplain forest. During the investigation period in the drought year 2022 between May and October, mean soil moisture and temperature as well as soil and air temperature fluctuations increased with increasing openness. In summer, the highest difference of monthly means between cuttings and closed forest in the topsoil was 3.98 ± 9.43 % volumetric moisture and 2.05 ± 0.89 °C temperature, and in the air at 30 cm height 0.61 ± 0.35 °C temperature. For buffering, both the over- and understorey tree layers appeared as relevant with a particularly strong influence of understorey density on soil temperature. Three experiments, investigating soil biological activity by quantifying decomposition rates of tea and wooden spatulas as well as mesofauna feeding activity with bait-lamina stripes, revealed no significant differences between gaps and closed forest. However, we found a positive significant effect of mean soil temperature on feeding activity throughout the season. Although soil moisture decreased during this period, it showed no counteracting effect on feeding activity. Generally, very few significant relationships were observed between microclimate and soil biological activity in single experiments. Despite the dry growing season, decomposition rates remained high, suggesting temperature had a stronger influence than soil moisture. We conclude that the microclimatic differences within the gap gradient of our experiment were not strong enough to affect soil biological activity considerably.

When and how does e-HRM optimize communication pace and processing time?

PurposeThis study aims investigate the effects of electronic human resource management (e-HRM) on communication pace and processing time reduction through the mediation of organizational agility. The study also investigates the moderating role of technological attitude (TA) on the relationship between e-HRM and organizational agility.Design/methodology/approachThe data was collected from 331 information and communication technology (ICT) companies – one respondent from each company working in the Human Resource Management (HRM) department. The data was analyzed through the partial least square structural equational model (PLS-SEM) using WarpPLS7.0 software to test the study’s hypotheses.FindingsWe found that e-HRM has positive significant effects on communication pace and processing time reduction through the mediation of organizational agility. Furthermore, TA is found to be positively moderating the relationship between e-HRM and organizational agility.Research limitations/implicationsThe study adds significant value to the existing knowledge base on e-HRM by providing empirical insights about the role of e-HRM in optimizing the communication pace and processing time of today’s businesses.Practical implicationsThe study also provides invaluable insights to practitioners to replace conventional HR systems with e-HRM to better perform HR functions by optimizing communication pace and processing time in the current fast-paced era.Originality/valueE-HRM has become an issue of great significance in the contemporary corporate landscape to improve operational efficiency. Despite its widespread adoption in the corporate world, empirical evidence on e-HRM, particularly on its consequences, is still inconclusive.

Identifying determinants of spatial agglomeration of healthcare resources by using spatial econometric methods: a longitudinal study in China.

Healthcare resources are necessary for individuals to maintain their health. The Chinese government has implemented policies to optimize the allocation of healthcare resources and achieve the goal of equality in healthcare for the Chinese people since the implementation of the new medical reform in 2009. Given that no study has investigated regional differences from the perspective of healthcare resource agglomeration, this study aimed to investigate China's healthcare agglomeration from 2009 to 2017 in China and identify its determinants to provide theoretical evidence for the government to develop and implement scientific and rational healthcare policies. The study was conducted using 2009-2017 data to analyze health-resource agglomeration on institutions, beds, and workforce in China. An agglomeration index was applied to evaluate the degree of regional differences in healthcare resource allocation, and spatial econometric models were constructed to identify determinants of the spatial agglomeration of healthcare resources. From 2009 to 2017, all the agglomeration indexes of healthcare exhibited a downward trend except for the number of institutions in China. Population density (PD), government health expenditures (GHE), urban resident's disposable income (URDI), geographical location (GL), and urbanization level (UL) all had positive significant effects on the agglomeration of beds, whereas both per capita health expenditures (PCHE), number of college students (NCS), and maternal mortality rate (MMR) had significant negative effects on the agglomeration of institutions, beds, and the workforce. In addition, population density (PD) and per capita gross domestic product (PCGDP) in one province had negative spatial spillover effects on the agglomeration of beds and the workforce in neighboring provinces. However, MMR had a positive spatial spillover effect on the agglomeration of beds and the workforce in those regions. The agglomeration of healthcare resources was observed to remain at an ideal level in China from 2009 to 2017. According to the significant determinants, some corresponding targeted measures for the Chinese government and other developing countries should be fully developed to balance regional disparities in the agglomeration of healthcare resources across administrative regions.

The Effect of Shopee Social Media Marketing on Purchasing Decisions at Borneo Store Banjarmasin (Case Study of Purchasing an Iphone Online)

The purpose of this study was to determine Shopee's social media marketing influence on purchasing decisions at the Borneo Store. The research method used is quantitative descriptive method. The population of this study were buyers at Borneo Store. The sample was 20 respondents. Multiple linear regression data analysis techniques with the SPSS version 22 program. The results showed that the influence of Content Creation (X1) had a partially significant positive effect on purchases (Y) as evidenced by the t value of 2.509> t table 2.014 and the significance value (Sig.) 0.002 <0.050, which means that the Content Creation variable (X1) has a partial and significant effect or a positive effect on Purchasing Decisions. The test results show that the effect of Content Sharing (X2) has a partially negative significant effect on purchases (Y) as evidenced by the t value of 1.643 < t table 2.014 and the significance value (Sig.) 0.095> 0.050, which means that the Content Sharing variable (X2) has no partial and insignificant effect or negative effect on Purchasing Decisions.The test results show that the effect of Connecting (X3) has a partially positive significant effect on purchases (Y) as evidenced by the t value of 2.529> t table 2.014 and the significance value (Sig.) 0.015 <0.050, which means that the Connecting variable (X3) has a partial and significant effect or a positive effect on purchasing decisions. The test results show that the effect of Community Building (X4) has a partially negative significant effect on purchases (Y) as evidenced by the t value of 1.865 < t table 2.014 and the significance value (Sig.) 0.069 > 0.050, which means that the Community Building variable (X4) has no partial and insignificant effect or negative effect on Purchasing Decisions. The results showed that the Content Creation, Content Sharing, Connecting and Community Building variables on the Borneo Store Purchasing Decision assumed that the Content Creation (X1), Content Sharing (X2), Connecting (X3) and Community Building (X4) variables jointly influenced the Purchasing Decision (Y). The results of the simultaneous test show the calculated F value of 2.47 with a significance value of 0.000 <0.050.

Analysis Of The Influence Of Domestic Investment, Foreign Direct Investment, Popu-lation, Crime Rate, And Unemployment Rate On Economic Growth In Deli Serdang Regency: ARDL Model Approach

The aim of development in a country or region is to improve the welfare and prosperity of society in a fair and equitable manner, one of which is by increasing sustainable economic growth. The main objective of this study is to analyze the effect of domestic investment, foreign investment, population, crime and unemployment on economic growth in Deli Serdang Regency. The data analysis method used is the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach in the time series data model and the observation time span of this study starts from 2010 to 2021 where data interpolation will be carried out in quarterly. According to the results of the analysis, the variables domestic investment and foreign direct investment have a positive significant effect on economic growth. Meanwhile, the variables of population, crime and unemployment have a negative significant impact on economic growth in the long run. However, in the short run, the variables of direct investment, foreign investment, population and crime have a positive significant impact on economic growth. On the other hand, only the number of unemployed has a negative significant effect on economic growth. Based on the results of this study, it is appropriate for the Government of Deli Serdang Regency to optimize programs that are oriented towards increasing investment both domestic and foreign, suppressing the rate of population growth and the number of unemployed and maintaining regional security in the Deli Serdang Regency area.

The Effect of Co-creation on Competitive Advantage in Processing and Service Companies in the Littoral Region of Cameroon

Aim: The current customer is more informed and educated, more selective and has a higher capacity of choice hence demands a more significant value generation from firms. The co-creation remains a vehicle for competitiveness and business growth but without co-creation, business tends to stagnate and eventually fail. This study aims to examine the effect of co-creation on competitive advantage in the processing and service firms of the Littoral Region in Cameroon. Methods: The research adapts a correlational research design with a sample size of 500 companies from the processing and service sectors. The research applied a deductive approach. Data collection was through the use of a questionnaire and data analysis using the pairwise correlation analyses. Results: The results revealed a strong correlation structure between the items as the KMO measure of sampling adequacy was supportive and significant as well as Bartlett’s test of sphericity. Conclusion: The study reaffirms the positive significant effect of co-creation on the competitive advantage of processing and service firms in the Littoral Region of Cameroon. Recommendation: Management needs to adapt co-creation with customers to improve their products and services and to engage further with customers for innovation, customization and collaboration.

Impact of Leadership Style on Employee Performance And Job Satisfaction Among Jordanian Physiotherapists

Leadership philosophies are essential organizational practices, especially when it comes to promoting and enhancing worker collaboration and job satisfaction. This study aims to ascertain and explore the relationship between job satisfaction and job performance among Jordanian physiotherapists and transformational leadership. Additionally, looks at whether job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behaviours operate as a mediator in the link between transformational leadership and worker performance. This study's design involves a quantitative correlation analysis conducted on a conveniently chosen sample of Jordanian physiotherapists from different healthcare facilities to examine the relationship between their performance level and leadership practices, specifically transformational leadership style, as well as any potential mediating role that organizational citizenship behaviours and job satisfaction may have on that relationship. Additionally, an online questionnaire for 123 physiotherapists in a different facility is used to study the proposed relation connecting transformational leadership style and therapist satisfaction level. Data were acquired about performance, job satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behaviours of therapists as well as their opinions of the leadership styles exhibited by the facility leaders. Organizational citizenship behaviours (OCB) and job satisfaction (JS) fully mediated the relationship between transformational leadership and physiotherapy performance; as a result, the impact of transformational leadership style (TLS) on performance was indirect since the direct influence wasn’t statistically significant. Additionally, TLS has a positive and substantial impact on job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behaviours by regression analysis; likewise, OCB and JS have a positive significant effect on performance (p-value <.001). Transformational leadership and performance among Jordanian physiotherapists are not significant directly but are significant indirectly by the mediator (OCB and JS). Because it impacts worker job satisfaction, the standard of healthcare services provided, and the patient experience in this organization, it encourages the development of transformational leadership abilities in healthcare facilities and ongoing training for leaders in this area.

Transformational leadership and organizational citizenship behavior: The role of person-job fit and person-organization fit in social exchange perspective

BACKGROUND: Transformational leadership is critical in today’s organizations from a social exchange perspective as it helps create a positive work environment, drives innovation and change, and leads to improved organizational effectiveness. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to test the direct effect of transformational leadership on person-job fit (PJ fit), person-organization fit (POF), and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). This study also examines the mediating role of PJ fit and POF on the relationship between transformational leadership and OCB. METHODS: This study collects data using a cross-sectional survey from professional lecturers of three selected public universities in Southeast Sulawesi - Indonesia. A total of 221 purposively sampled responses are utilized in the data analysis. A quantitative approach with structural equation modeling (SEM) via Amos 21.0 software is used to test the proposed hypotheses. RESULTS: The findings acknowledge that transformational leadership seems to have a direct positive effect on PJ fit, POF and OCB. Also, this study reveals that PJ fit and POF have significant positive effects on OCB. This study further unveils that PJ fit and POF fully mediate the relation between transformational leadership and OCB. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the more transformational leadership behaviors are demonstrated by leaders within organization, the more PJ fit and POF of followers will accomplish and experience with their organization, which in turn, increase OCB. It further means that transformational leadership can be crucial for recent organizations from a social exchange perspective by promoting healthy relationships and positive outcomes by encouraging followers to engage in behaviors that benefit the organization.

The Effect of Energy Consumption Towards Economic Growth: The Case of 11 Asian Countries

This research aims to determine and analyze the effect of Coal Consumption per capita (Kwh), Oil Consumption per capita (Kwh), Gas Consumption per capita (Kwh), and Renewable energy consumption per capita (Kwh) towards GDP per capita (current US$). This research uses GDP Per Capita (current USD) data sourced from world banks with a period from 1994 to 2021 and Data for Coal Consumption per capita (Kwh), Oil Consumption per capita (Kwh), Gas Consumption per capita (Kwh), and Renewable energy consumption per capita (Kwh) from Our Wold within a period from 1994 to 2021. The data used is data from 11 Asian countries, which is Mainland China, The Republic of Korea, Japan, India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, and Viet Nam. The analysis method used is Panel Data Econometrics, with Ordinary Least Square and Fixed Effect Model. The result from this research shows that Oil Consumption per capita (Kwh), Coal consumption per capita (Kwh), Gas Consumption per capita (Kwh), and Renewable energy consumption per capita (Kwh) have a positive significant effect towards GDP per capita (current USD).

Board Diversity and Firm Value: Evidence From Nepalese Financial Institutions

The purpose of this paper is to provide empirical evidence on the relationship of board diversity of corporate board with the value of financial institutions in Nepal. The sample comprises 38 financial institutions listed in NEPSE with 380 firm-years observation for the period 2011/12 to 2020/21. Balance panel datasets were employed to investigate using multiple regression models to examine the relationship between board diversity (female and minority directors) and firm value measured by Tobin's Q and MBR. The result shows a significant positive relationship between firm value and the presence of both female and minority directors. Moreover, the evidence supports that the presence of female directors in the boardroom effect more in the firm market value than as compare to the minority directors. Furthermore, the study concludes that control variables like board size, presence of independent director and firm size have positive significant effect on firm value, but leverage has significant but negative relation with the firm market value of financial intuitions in Nepal. The study result has the practical implication for government, policy makers and regulating authorities in formation of diverse board that can increase the firm value and performance. It also provides additional insight to the corporate governance literature and helps to fill the gap on board diversity and firm value in Nepalese financial institutions.

The Role of Digitalization and Environmental, Social, Governance in Enhancing Value Relevance of Accounting Information

The acceleration of the Industrial Revolution by the Covid-19 pandemic has enhanced the urgency of digitalization. In addition, the issue of ESG (Environmental, Social, and Government) and the achievement of the triple bottom line have become a major concern for businesses. In contrast, previous research indicates a decline in the value relevance of EPS (Earnings per Share) and BVPS (Book Value per Share) and an enhance in value relevance of non-financial information. This study investigates the effect of digitalization and ESG on the value relevance of accounting information, focusing on EPS and BVPS. This study employs four models with 249 samples from the IDX from 2017 to 2021. Using multiple linear regression, it is determined that, despite the positive significant effect of digitalization and ESG score, the presence of such non-financial information does not enhance the value relevance of accounting information. Moreover, the combination of ESG and digitalization still unable to enhance the value relevance of accounting data. Due to the inefficiency and lack of reporting standard of digitalization and ESG implementation. Therefore, the company should effectively implement and report these data.

Township entrepreneurship, Unemployment and Economic Development: Myth or Reality in Sub-Saharan African Countries

This study aims to perform a comparative analysis of the influence of township entrepreneurship on unemployment and economic development among the Francophone and Anglophone countries in sub-Saharan Africa. The study employed a descriptive and quantitative research design where a longitudinal data was sourced from the World Development Indicators (WDI) and World Bank Entrepreneurship databases on 12 and 9 Francophone and Anglophone countries respectively. A Fixed Effect panel regression model was employed to attain the objectives of the study. The findings of the study revealed that there is a significant negative effect of township entrepreneurship on unemployment; and also, township entrepreneurship has a positive significant effect on economic development. Both relationships were found to have insignificant differences between Anglophone and Francophone countries suggesting that the ability of township entrepreneurship to minimize the rate of unemployment and boost economic development is generic and irrespective of cultural and social differences. This study was anchored on the behavioral theory of social entrepreneurship to provide empirical contribution to existing literature.

Examining the Effect of Five-Factor Personality Traits on Cultural Intelligence

With the impact of globalization in the field of education as in every area, the tendency of individuals to prefer other countries and cultures for education has increased. Individuals who move to different cultural environments for educational purposes face different cultural challenges. In this regard, cultural intelligence (CI) emerges, which contributes to managing cultural differences in the best way, using them in the most appropriate way for the benefit of individuals and organizations, and exhibiting appropriate behaviors in different cultural environments. This study aims to determine the effect of five-factor personality traits (FFPT) on the cultural intelligence (CI) of international university students through an experimental research design. Further, the effect of five factor personality trait dimensions on cultural intelligence was examined. Valid responses were obtained from 585 international students continuing their education in different faculties and departments of Mardin Artuklu University. The data were analyzed with the structural equation modelling (SEM) AMOS package program. Result of the analysis, it was seen that FFPT have a positive and significant effect on CI. In addition, positive significant effects of the FFPT dimensions (extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness, and neuroticism) on the dimensions of CI (cognitive, meta-cognitive, behavioral, and motivational) were observed.

DETERMINAN NILAI PERUSAHAAN PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR DI INDONESIA

The purpose of this study is to obtain empirical evidence about factors affecting firm value in manufacturing companies listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange for the years 2017-2019. Sample selection technique that used is purposive sampling method and acquired 78 companies. Data processing technique using multiple linear regression analysis with the Eviews 12 software. The results showed that profitability has positive significant effect on firm value, liquidity has negative significant effect on firm value, while leverage, firm size, and CSR do not have significant effect on firm value. The implication of this research is to provide information for investors that should study the company's financial statements carefully before decided to invest in a company.

The effects of Juniperi fructus essential oil and vacuum packing on the shelf life of rainbow trout fillets during storage at 2±1°C.

We hypothesized that the combined effect of vacuum packaging and Juniperi fructus essential oil addition would increase shelf life. Six different treatments were tested. The effects of the different concentrations of J. fructus essential oil (0%, 0.3% and 0.6%) and packing method (non-vacuum and vacuum) on the fish (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fillets of stored 4±1 °C were investigated in terms of its microbiological (mesophilic aerobic bacteria and yeast-mold), chemical (pH, total volatile alkaline nitrogen (TVB-N), thiobarbituric acid (TBA value)) and sensory quality. The results showed that J. fructus essential oil had a positive significant effect on quality parameters (p<0.05). In conclusion, based primarily on sensory, TVB-N and mesophilic bacteria data the shelf-life of fresh rainbow trout was 4 days (non-vacuum packaged), 13 days (vacuum packaged), 19 and 28 days treated with J. fructus oil (0.3 and 0.6%, v/w) under vacuum packaged, respectively. J. fructus essential oil application and vacuum packaging; extended the shelf life of fish fillets by an average of 15 days. The combined use of J. fructus essential oil and packaging techniques could form the basis for new studies.