Significant Positive Coefficients Research Articles

Efficacy of growth-led unemployment reduction hypothesis in India using Okun’s law

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine whether increased labour productivity could reduce the impact of output growth on the unemployment rate in India over the period 1991–2019 through Okun’s law and its expanded form.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses Okun’s law and its expanded form, with the inclusion of labour productivity in the actual model. Further, the relationship between output growth, unemployment rate, and labour productivity is analysed by using the gap model, the difference model, the dynamic model, the error correction model (ECM), and the vector autoregressive (VAR) approach.FindingsThe empirical results from the applied models do not confirm an inverse relationship between output growth and the unemployment rate with an unexpected positive sign of Okun’s coefficient. The evidence of preference for more capital-intensive techniques in the Indian economy is also strongly supported by the results of the expanded form of Okun’s law with a statistically significant positive coefficient of GDP and labour productivity.Originality/valueThe study examined the proposed relationship using Okun’s law and its expanded form, which had not been employed in earlier studies in the context of India. The authors also show that a high economic growth rate is a necessary but not sufficient condition to solve the chronic and structural unemployment problem in India.

Application of a Two-Step Space–Time EOF Statistical Postprocessing Algorithm to Mitigate Subseasonal 200-hPa Geopotential Height Forecast Error

Abstract The time-extended empirical orthogonal function (EEOF) patterns of error developed in a companion paper are applied in this study for model data postprocessing. Projecting forecast anomalies from the model seasonal cycle from GEFSv12 outputs onto these EEOF patterns reconstructs the error principal components (PCs) in a manner that can be applied in real time. When these reconstructed error anomalies are compared with the original GEFSv12 200-hPa geopotential height (Z200) reforecast error anomalies, the projected and validation error signals tend to align temporally. When distributed globally, projection and validation error anomalies have statistically significant positive Pearson correlation coefficients with each other at most grid points outside of the tropics. Categorical Heidke skill score (HSS) analysis reaffirms that by lead day 16 of a forecast, the algorithm skillfully predicts systematic errors for locations outside of the tropics. Hemispheric winter demonstrates that the highest magnitude HSS values are in the high latitudes, illustrating the underlying seasonality of Z200 behavior and predictability. On average, wintertime HSS values hover around 20%, with high-latitude locations exceeding mean values of 40%. Comparatively, summertime values generally exceed 10% improvement outside of the tropics. High-latitude storm-track regions, such as the North Atlantic, North Pacific, and South Pacific, contain the most Z200 variance in the globe and the highest HSS values. This algorithm will be applied to real-time forecasts and additional variables in future work, with the end goal of implementation into the NOAA-CPC subseasonal forecasts.

Out-of-pocket health expenditure, social protection, and life expectancy of female-headed households in China.

This study explores the relationship between out-of-pocket health expenditure, social protection interventions, and life expectancy of female-headed households in China. The study was based on data extracted from the World Bank (2021) Global Financial Inclusion Index (Global Findex) and applied the descriptive statistics and the Ordinary Least Squares Regression (OLS). The results show that there is a significant positive coefficient for social protection in total households, females, and males, indicating a beneficial link between social protection programs and life expectancy in female-headed households in China. Conversely, negative coefficients for out-of-pocket health expenditure suggest that higher healthcare costs are associated with lower life expectancy, highlighting the financial strain on these households. These submissions justify the necessity for social protection interventions in improving health outcomes and addressing financial barriers to healthcare access for female-headed households in China.

The Effect of Convenience on Customer Loyality of PT. Pegadaian Malalayang Branch

The purpose of this study is to ascertain how convenience affects client loyalty. In addition to analyzing the relationship between the impact of convenience in physical branches and the impact of ease of service through digital platforms on customer loyalty at PT. Pegadaian Cabang Malalayang, the degree of convenience provided by the company influences the customer's decision to keep using the service. A questionnaire is used in this study's quantitative methodology to collect data. The findings indicate that Customer Loyalty (Y) is significantly impacted by the Convenience variable (X). Tests for validity and reliability make sure the tools are reliable and valid. Convenience has a significant positive coefficient, according to a basic linear regression study, indicating that raising those qualities will raise customer loyalty. At PT Pegadaian Cabang Malalayang, convenience has a major impact on customer loyalty. The results of the F and T tests corroborate this fact.

Investigating the post-pandemic textile market: the stake of private labels in customer loyalty

The textile market is a global production, processing, and distribution industry. It includes various products, from natural fibres like cotton and wool to synthetic fibres like polyester and nylon. The textile market has faced several challenges recently, including rising production costs, increasing competition from overseas producers, and declining consumer demand. This empirical study examines the relationship between private labels offered in organised retail apparel stores in Belagavi, North Karnataka, India, and certain factors such as customer satisfaction, trust, and Loyalty. This study explores the role played by trust as a mediator between customer satisfaction and Loyalty to brands in the textile industry. The data were collected from 460 respondents using convenience sampling with a structured questionnaire. The results show that Satisfaction (B=0.0782, p=0.611) and Trust (B=0.8678, p<0.001) show significant positive unstandardised coefficients in the regression model predicting Loyalty. There is a mediated but indirect influence of customer trust on customer satisfaction and Loyalty generated by Satisfaction in the study area. By weaving together Satisfaction and trust, textile retailers can forge stronger customer bonds, enhance Loyalty, and gain a competitive edge in the Belagavi market. This approach paves the way for sustainable growth and success in the dynamic textile landscape.

The determinants of Turkish CDS volatility: An ARDL approach covering COVID period

The accuracy of CDS premiums has been questioned in many former studies. However, we intend to show that the volatilities of these spreads rather than their basis point levels indicate and signal the status of sovereign risk and credit worthiness as they tend to reveal sudden deteriorations in key sovereign and global economic indicators. In that respect we aim to reveal the determinants of Turkish CDS spread volatility by using an ARDL Bounds Test framework. In line with our expectations exchange rate, stock market indice and oil price volatility have significant positive coefficients in the long run whereas US 10-year bond spreads have short run effects up to three lags. Also, our results show that COVID pandemic has remarkably increased Turkish CDS volatility. Moreover, the unorthodox monetary policies adopted after COVID has also raised CDS volatility with persistently high spread levels where a long-term memory effect was prevalent.

Resident level is associated with operative time in laparoscopic cholecystectomy

BackgroundWhile previous literature has shown that resident involvement increases operative time, the influence of resident involvement on operative time is generally not considered in current methods of case time predictions or operating room planning. Furthermore, evidence of prolonged case times based on the level of the assisting resident is yet scarce. We hypothesized that operative time would increase with the post-graduate year of assisting residents as they gain more autonomy in the operating room. Study designThis was an observational cohort study in which we retrospectively analyzed 802 laparoscopic cholecystectomy cases performed in a single academic institution between May 2014 and December 2020. Only cases in which a Post Graduate Year 1 to 5 (PGY) resident was assisting were included. ResultsPGY1–4 residents had statistically significant positive time coefficient results in all linear regression models, except PGY2s in urgent cases. PGY-2 residents had the longest overall average case time of 98 min. Emergent cases were more likely to have prolonged case times. ConclusionsThe increased average case time associated with PGY-2 residents is likely due to a new level of increased autonomy in the operating room (OR) during this year of training. The linear regression results indicated PGY1–4 residents were more likely to have longer laparoscopic cholecystectomy operative times than the PGY5 residents, except PGY2s in urgent cases. This may reflect the accumulation of surgical skills at the PGY5 level. Resident involvement should be considered in the prediction of operative time in an academic setting.

ASSESSMENT OF PUBLIC DEBT SUSTAINABILITY IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE STRUCTURE OF PUBLIC SPENDING AND INTERTEMPORAL CONSUMER BEHAVIOR

The paper estimates the sustainability of public debt in developing countries from 1990 to 2021 drawing on fiscal response function. The author proposes the modification of the Ramsey model that considers both saving behavior of the population and the structure of government spending in terms of their influence on fiscal policy effects. The findings are tested on the example of developing countries including the Russian Federation. We verify the model's conclusions in two stages. At the first stage, based on indicators of government expenditures’ structure and savings rate, we identify country clusters using the k-means method. At the second stage, for a certain groups of countries, we econometrically estimate the so-called fiscal response function, that is, the reaction of primary budget balance to debt accumulation in the previous period. We make estimates for panel data using a fixed effects model, as well as the generalized method of moments for a dynamic panel. Based on the estimates obtained, for a group of countries similar to Russia in terms of savings rates and the share of productive expenditures in the total share of government expenditures, there is a significant positive coefficient of the reaction of the primary budget balance to changes in public debt in the previous period. Thus, fiscal sustainability is achieved for the selected group of countries at the federal level during the period under review. However, risks at a regional level may, if events develop unfavorably, have a shock effect on the federal budget that requires an additional analysis of regional debt sustainability.

The Complex Influence of Information Communication Technology (ICT) on Students’ Performance in Singapore: Evidence From 2018 PISA Data

This study focuses on the effects of negative and non-linear aspects of ICT use and environmental factors on PISA mathematics, science, and reading performance. Data from the 2018 PISA [the OECD’s Programme for International Student Assessment] for 6,297 15-year-old students from Singapore were analyzed. The data analysis used the IDB analyzer to construct a two-step regression model and identified four distinct patterns of how ICT factors affect PISA performance. The “U” shape pattern includes perceived ICT competence which has a significant negative linear coefficient and a positive quadratic coefficient. The “∩” shape pattern includes ICT resources, use of ICT outside of school (for schoolwork activities), ICT use outside of school (leisure) and interest in ICT. This group consists of either a significant positive linear coefficient or a non-significant linear coefficient with a significant negative quadratic coefficient. The strictly negative pattern includes the use of ICT at school in general and ICT as a topic in social interaction. This group consists of only a significant negative linear coefficient. The strictly positive pattern includes perceived autonomy related to ICT use which only has a significant positive linear coefficient. Overall, the impact of ICT factors on the three subjects was similar, with minor differences. Given the complexity of how ICT factors could negatively affect performance, policymakers will need to fine-tune ICT practices to ensure students receive the maximum benefits with optimal ICT resources.

Consensus Analysts Target Price and Stock Price Returns in Nigeria

This study focuses on the effect of an Investment Valuation technique (Consensus Analysts Target Price) on Stock Price Return of listed companies in the Nigerian Exchange between the period of 2011 and 2023. The ex-post facto research design was employed in this research due to the use of historic (secondary) data from the selected fifteen (15) companies across 3 major sectors on the Nigeria Exchange (NGX). Panel autoregressive distribution lag model was the estimation techniques and inference made on 5% significance level. Prior to the data analysis, a number or pre-estimation test were carried out such as co-integration, homogeneity, and cross-sectional dependence in addition to basis correlation and descriptive analysis. Findings from the short run reveals a significant negative coefficient (-0.273) for lagged Stock Price Return (L.STR), indicating a substantial short-term correction effect. Conversely, the lagged Consensus Analyst Target Price (L.CATP) shows a positive coefficient (0.141) without statistical significance, suggesting a modest positive relationship without an immediate impact on Stock Price Return. Transitioning to the long run, the highly significant negative coefficient (-1.273) for long-run Stock Price Return (lr_STR) emphasizes a robust and persistent negative adjustment effect. Over an extended period, Consensus Analyst Target Price (lr_CATP) introduces a marginally significant positive coefficient (0.077), implying a modest positive impact on Stock Price Return. Based on the results, one recommendation concerning Consensus Analyst Target Price (CATP) and Stock Price Return is to exercise caution in relying solely on CATP for short-term decision-making. Investors should be aware that, in the short term, deviations from the lagged return may not be significantly influenced by CATP. Therefore, considering additional factors or indicators alongside CATP could enhance the accuracy of short-term decision-making in understanding stock price movements.

Financial Market Development and Foreign Portfolio Investments in Nigeria and South Africa

The study investigates the effect of financial market development on foreign portfolio investment in Nigeria and South Africa between the periods of first quarter in 1995 to fourth quarter of 2022. The study employs an ex-post factor research design, the study deploys panel autoregressive distributed lag modelling. The inferences were made at 5% significant level. Findings from the study reveal that lagged Portfolio Investment is not statistically significant to foreign portfolio investment (coefficient = -0.5026613, p-value = 0.275), in contrast, lagged Stock Market Turnover Ratio has a significant positive coefficient (coefficient = 0.5696119, p-value < 0.000), indicating a positive short-term relationship with changes in Portfolio Investment. However, other lagged variables like Stock Market Capitalization, All Share Index, Broad Money Supply, and Real Credit to the Private Sector show coefficients without statistical significance, suggesting limited short-term predictive power. In the long run, the adjusted term for lagged Portfolio Investment exhibits a highly significant negative effect (coefficient = -1.502661, p-value = 0.001). Lagged Broad Money Supply and Real Credit to the Private Sector also lack statistical significance in the long term, while lagged Stock Market Turnover Ratio and All Share Index have statistically significant positive coefficients. However, Stock Market Capitalization lacks statistical significance in predicting long-term changes in foreign Portfolio Investment. In respect to the result, the study recommended that policy makers should implement measures to enhance transparency and regulation within financial markets to promote investor confidence and attract foreign capital inflows. This may include strengthening regulatory frameworks, improving reporting standards, and ensuring effective oversight mechanisms.

Efficacy and Bioavailability of silymarin on Plasma S100B Level in Cardiotoxicity-induced Rats

Cardiotoxicity is a cause of death by drug overdose. Silymarin, a cytoprotective agent used in this research to protect against induced-cardiotoxic effects in Albino Wister rats; exhibited signs of heart damage, such as elevated levels of S100B, troponin I, and CK-MB. Seventy albino Wister rats of both genders were divided randomly with each group having 10 rats. Silymarin-treated, cardiotoxic-induced, and control groups were treated for ten days. The bioavailability of silymarin was assessed, and evaluation of the efficacy of silymarin on the biomarker S100B and cardiac biomarkers (Troponin I, and CK-MB), also the histopathological assessments of the heart, liver, and kidney, in addition to the coefficient correlation of the studied biomarkers were analyzed. Research’s outcome indicated that the sets subjected to silymarin presented substantial differences in rat weight and food consumption, compared to a decrease in cardiotoxic clusters. S100B plasma level was increased in cardiotoxic groups, reduced in those subjected to silymarin, and eliminated by pretreatment with silymarin. Troponin I & CK-MB expressively elevated significantly in cardiotoxic prompted rats, which declined with silymarin treatment and were prohibited in pretreatment by silymarin. The shielding characteristic of silymarin detected in end organs, like the liver, kidneys, and hearts when exposed to the cardiotoxic agent clozapine was extremely significant. The consequences of the histopathological examination of this study illustrated silymarin’s cardioprotective effects. A significant positive coefficient correlation of S100B with troponin I & CK-MB was recorded. In conclusion, silymarin reduces and prevents to a larger extent the cardiotoxicity brought about by clozapine and averts heart injury. The cardioprotective efficacy of silymarin is explained by its new mechanism of action as decreasing S100B, troponin I & CK-MB levels with a strong significant correlation to each other. The cardioprotective efficacy of silymarin gives promise for monitoring the cardiotoxicity adverse drug reaction induced by drugs.

Length-weight Relationship and Condition Factors of Seven Penaeus Shrimp Species along the Southeast Coast of Tamil Nadu (Southern India)

Background: The present study of the length-weight relationship and condition factors of seven shrimp species on the southeast coast of Tamil Nadu between July (2022) and February (2023) also estimated the coefficient of determination (r2). Methods: For shrimp species, the length-weight relationship shows some species have significant positive coefficients which have a determination by (r2 greater than 0.5) like Penaeus indicus, Penaeus mergiuensis, Penaeus canaliculatus, Penaeus latisulcatus, Penaeus monodon, some species have shown negative as (r2 greater than 0.5) value like Penaeus japonicas and Penaeus semisulcatus. Result: All shrimp species have heterogeneity evident in intercept (a). The growth exponent (b) varied between 0.278 and 2.289 and it significantly (p=0.05) deviated from the value of less than 3 which denoted negative allometric growth for all Penaeus shrimp species.

Population genetic structure of tropical bed bug (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) populations and their breeding pattern in Iraq.

A study was conducted to investigate the population genetic structure and breeding pattern of 140 tropical bed bugs, Cimex hemipterus (F.) (Hemiptera: Cimicidae), collected from 14 infested sites in major cities in Iraq. The samples were genotyped using a set of 7 polymorphic microsatellite markers. High genetic variety was seen among populations, with an average of 2-9 alleles per locus. The number of alleles across 7 microsatellite loci was between 6 and 18. There was a notable disparity in the alleles per loci when comparing the overall population to those within it. The overall population exhibited an average observed heterozygosity of 0.175 and an average expected heterozygosity of 0.730. Among the population, the average observed heterozygosity was 0.173, while the average expected heterozygosity was 0.673. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that 93% of the genetic variability was within the populations, and 7% was among them. The genetic differentiation coefficient (FST = 0.045), indicates a low degree of genetic differentiation and a high degree of inbreeding (FIS = 0.761), as indicated by notably significant positive inbreeding coefficients. Admixed individuals were revealed using STRUCTURE and neighbor-joining phylogenetic trees, demonstrating moderate gene flow between populations and a lack of genetic structure in the regional groups. Thus, both active dispersion and human-mediated dispersion possess the potential to influence the low population genetic structure of tropical bed bug C. hemipterus populations in Iraq, which can have implications toward tropical bed bug and management strategies.

Inflation, Urbanization, and Ruralization in Turkey: How They are Related in the Long-run?

This study examine the short-run and long-run relationship between inflation and urbanization and ruralization rates in Turkey by using a data set for the years between 1960 and 2022 and estimation method of ARDL. Stationarity test findings disclose that urbanization rate is integrated order one while economic growth, inflation, and ruralization rate are integrated order zero. Co-integration test findings gathered from ARDL bound test hint that there is co-integrating relationship among variables of economic growth, inflation, ruralization rate, and urbanization rate. Considering to long-run coefficient estimations, ruralization rate and economic growth have negative and statistically significant coefficients for the first model. In other words one percent increase in ruralization rate induces to a decrease in consumer price index by 17.168 percent. Also one percent rise in economic growth causes to a drop in consumer price index by 0.995 percent. For the second model, we obtained statistically significant positive coefficient estimation for urbanization rate and negative one for economic growth. More spesifically, if urbanization rate goes up by %1 then consumer price index increases by %19.427 whereas %1 increase in economic growth lessens consumer price index by %0.947.

The desorption of n-hexadecane in calcareous soils from a karst area: Insight into endogenous Cd/Pb

To comprehensively reveal the effects of endogenous heavy metals on the desorption and release of n-hexadecane in calcareous soils from a karst area, the present work conducted desorption kinetic experiments and column experiments. This study also focused on the relationship between heavy metals and n-hexadecane desorption under various environmental factors including pH, ionic strength (IS), and rhamnolipid (RL). Results of desorption kinetic experiments demonstrated that the higher desorption content of Pb in the solution with a lower pH level created additional absorption sites for n-hexadecane, thereby inhibiting the desorption of n-hexadecane in soil samples. The co-desorption of Pb and n-hexadecane was observed in the presence of IS/RL. Particularly, a significant positive coefficient between n-hexadecane desorption and IS was observed (r = 0.904, p < 0.01), and Pb desorption positively correlated to RL (r = 0.810, p < 0.01). In contrast, results of column experiments showed that neither Cd nor Pb were released from the soil column. The limited interaction between soil and solution in the column led to the negligible influence of Cd and Pb on the release of n-hexadecane. The increased release efficiency of n-hexadecane with lower pH, reduced IS, or higher RL concentration can be attributed to the soil properties such as ion enrichment, higher soil pH, and weaker mineral compositions. The findings provide valuable insights into petroleum hydrocarbons mobility in karst areas.

Relative Flow Index as a Novel Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Biomarker in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma.

Relative flow indices as novel optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) biomarkers demonstrated reduced optic nerve head and peripapillary large vessel and capillary perfusion in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). Large vessel perfusion correlated with disease severity and progression. To introduce relative flow indices as novel OCTA biomarkers and their pathologic insights in POAG. This is a retrospective case-control study where 57 POAG and 57 control eyes were included. OCTA 4.5×4.5mm optic nerve head (ONH) were analyzed using ImageJ 1.53t to calculate global flow indices (GFIs) and relative flow indices (RFIs) for whole image optic nerve head, isolated radial peripapillary capillary plexus, and isolated large vessel angiograms. Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT), ONH vascular density (VD), except inside disc and large vessel VD, GFIs, and RFIs were lower in POAG than control. There was a positive correlation between RNFLT and both VD and GFIs. Among RFIs, only large vessel RFI (ONHLVRFI) demonstrated a positive correlation with average RNFLT. Linear regression demonstrated a significant positive coefficient for ONHLVRFI with RNFLT as the dependent variable. The area under receiver operating characteristic curve showed diagnostic accuracy ranging fair, good, and excellent for all biomarkers. Inferior RNFLT had the highest area under the curve (0.922) while optic nerve head large vessel density had the lowest (0.523). POAG showed structural loss of RNFL neurovascular unit manifesting as positively correlated reduction of VD and RNFLT. Also, POAG had lower global perfusion of the optic nerve head and peripapillary area, resulting in the positively correlated reduction of GFIs and RNFLT. Although RFIs were lower in POAG, only ONHLVRFI demonstrated a positive correlation and regression with RNFLT, implying that large vessel hypoperfusion was associated with POAG severity and progression.

The Intersection of Health Literacy and Public Health: A Machine Learning-Enhanced Bibliometric Investigation.

In recent decades, health literacy has garnered increasing attention alongside a variety of public health topics. This study aims to explore trends in this area through a bibliometric analysis. A Random Forest Model was utilized to identify keywords and other metadata that predict average citations in the field. To supplement this machine learning analysis, we have also implemented a bibliometric review of the corpus. Our findings reveal significant positive coefficients for the keywords "COVID-19" and "Male", underscoring the influence of the pandemic and potential gender-related factors in the literature. On the other hand, the keyword "Female" showed a negative coefficient, hinting at possible disparities that warrant further investigation. Additionally, evolving themes such as COVID-19, mental health, and social media were discovered. A significant change was observed in the main publishing journals, while the major contributing authors remained the same. The results hint at the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic and a significant association between gender-related keywords on citation likelihood, as well as changing publication strategies, despite the fact that the main researchers remain those who have been studying health literacy since its creation.

Correlation between Perfusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Features with Histopathological Grading of Glioma

Background: Gliomas are the most common primary neoplasm of the brain. It histopathologically grades I to IV. I and II are low grade while III, IV are high grade. Low-grade gliomas are usually subject to either strict follow-up or surgery. The treatment for high grade gliomas is typically surgery, followed by concomitant radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Conventional MRI has limitations for the grading of gliomas. In addition to conventional MRI techniques, a variety of new techniques such as perfusion-weighted MRI which noninvasively measures cerebral perfusion that can be used for better assessment of glioma. This will be helpful for therapeutic approach and counseling about prognosis of the patient. Methods: This cross sectional observational study was conducted in the Department of Neurosurgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University from IRB clearance to 18 months. The patients who fulfill the selection criteria were enrolled in this study. Written informed consent was taken from the patients and/or the legal guardian/ responsible family members after completely explaining to them the procedure and the purpose of the study. Patient’s data was collected in questionnaire/data collection sheet. The privacy of the patient was strictly maintained and the patient’s information will not be disclosed to any source. The study data will only be used for the purpose of this scientific study. This study was not causing any additional harm to the patients. All the patients were evaluated by a standard conventional contrast-enhanced study with perfusion-weighted image on Siemens 3 Tesla MRI. The histopathological grading of the tumor was done as per the WHO classification of 2007. Then correlation was done between PWI finding and WHO histopathological grading. Results: Measurement of relative cerebral blood volume in glioma patients was done in PW-MRI preoperatively. Out of the 35 tumors evaluated, 17 were found as low rCBV and 18 as high. Histopathological examination of glioma was done postoperatively. Among 35 tumors, 19 are low grade gliomas and 16 are high grade gliomas. For the correlation between relative cerebral blood volume in preoperative PW MRI and histopathological grading of glioma, Spearman’s Rank Correlation Coefficient Test was done. We found a significant positive coefficient value of r = 0.572 with a significant p-value of p = &lt;0.001. A single cutoff relative cerebral blood volume value of 1.7 for low versus high grade glioma was found to be 77.8% sensitive and 88.2% specific. Conclusion: The present study ascertains that histopathological grading of glioma is positively correlated with relative cerebral blood volume in PW MRI. Bang. J Neurosurgery 2022; 12(1): 12-19

최고경영자의 근속년수와 상대적 성과평가

[Purpose] The purpose of this study is to confirm whether CEO tenure is reflected in the selection criteria of the peer firm when companies select the peer firms for CEO’s relative performance evaluation in setting CEO compensation.&#x0D; [Methodology] For empirical analysis, this study used US non-financial listed companies.&#x0D; [Findings] The main results are as follows. First, the performance of the peer firms, which are formed based on the similarities of industry, the firm size, and the CEO’s tenure, is significantly associated with CEO compensation. Second, only the unsystematic performance measured based on the peer firm that reflects the same industry, the size of the firm and the tenure of CEO has a significant positive coefficient value in the verification of the strong form model. These results of the analysis of the CEO’s tenure can also be interpreted as reflecting the tenure of CEO in selecting the peer firms in order to motivate the CEO’s efforts toward maximizing firm value.&#x0D; [Implications] This study provides meaningful contribution to the literature based on finding that companies reflect CEO’s tenure as an additional criterion for selecting peer firms for CEO’s relative performance evaluation.