Significant Negative Side Effects Research Articles

Can magnetic nanoparticles enhance adoptive cell therapy via driving migration of lymphocytes into tumors?

Therapy of malignant tumors still represents a huge problem for healthcare, since these diseases lead to a high rate of disability and premature death of the population. The main problems of adoptive cell therapy for malignant tumors are a low rate of migration of effector lymphocytes into tumors, as well as their low activity in tumors due to suppressive tumor microenvironment. In addition, it should be noted that systemic intravenous administration of a large number of activated lymphocytes may be accompanied by a pronounced cytokine release syndrome, which leads to significant negative side effects, including high temperature, blood clotting disorders, aggression of immune cells against their own tissues, even neurotoxicity. Functional nanomaterials, such as magnetic nanoparticles with various surface modifications (PEG, PEI, DMSA, citrate, etc.) are highly promising agents for targeted delivery of different anti-tumor substances. Magnet-driven enrichment of effector anti-tumor lymphocytes in tumors would highly increase the effectiveness and enhance safety of adoptive lymphocyte therapy. However, different research groups obtained opposing data about the feasibility and efficiency of such approach. Thus, this review is focused on experimental details of the contradicting studies and aims to elucidate the possible reasons of these controversies and the best practices to efficiently target lymphocytes into tumors.

Is interest rate hiking a recipe for missing several goals of monetary policy—beating inflation, preserving financial stability, and keeping up output growth?

After the corona crisis, and even more so when the war in Ukraine struck, the price levels of all goods in the US and Europe rose surprisingly quickly and persistently. The FED began in March 2022 and the ECB in July 2022 with historically unique interest rate increases to combat the wage-price spiral that had not yet begun. In this article we show that energy, commodities and food were the main drivers of inflation. For this reason, central banks' goal of weakening demand for labor through historically large interest rate hikes seems unwise. We argue that the current measures cannot achieve all of their objectives: slowing inflation, stabilizing financial markets and sustaining growth. If interest rates remain high, but external forces emerge with a lasting effect and keep inflation rates high, especially in smaller emerging countries, it will be difficult to counteract this on a country or regional basis through high interest rate policy and national control of the price- and wage-Phillips curve. Significant negative side effects of interest rate hikes increase the risk of not making the necessary investments and, in particular, weaken the bargaining power of particularly vulnerable employment groups. Other tools are needed to curb inflation and keep it under control, for example more investment in sectors with supply disruptions and a massive expansion of investment in renewable energy.

Pharmacological Investigation of Pithecellobium dulce Stem Bark extract for Anti-Depressant Activity on Mice and Rats

Pithecellobium dulce (PD), commonly known as Jangli-jilebi, is a Manila tamarind belonging to the family Leguminosae. P. dulce (PD) is used to treat various diseases like diarrhea, asthma, leprosy, paralysis, inflammatory, anti-bacterial, spermicidal, anti-convulsant, etc. In this paper, we studied the activity of P. Dulce for depression, which is a debilitating, life-threatening, and common disease affecting different sections of the community. Chemical and synthetic medications used to treat this disease have significant negative side effects, and only 50–60% of patients fully recover. At the same time, the available scientific information about this species is scarce, and there are no reports related to its possible effects on the central nervous system. In this work, the effects of acetone and methanolic extracts of the stem bark of P. dulce (PD) were evaluated in mice and rats utilizing behavioral assays sensitive to clinically effective anti-depressant compounds. In both the forced swim test and the tail suspension test, the extracts (100 and 200 mg/kg) administered orally were able to shorten the immobility duration of mice and rats in a dose-dependent manner. According to the current study's findings, PD extract may have antidepressant potential and be useful in treating those who suffer from depressive disorders. These findings proved that PD has specifically anti-depressive in vivo effects.

Efficacy Of Systemic Or Perineural Dexamethasone As An Adjunct To Ultrasound Guided Supraclavicular Block

Background: Regional anaesthesia (RA) techniques have traditionally been utilized for surgical anaesthesia and post-operative pain control. Post-operative analgesia from an epidural or a peripheral nerve block can benefit the patients with better recovery and more satisfaction. Innumerable additives have been tried in nerve blocks with variable results. We wished to evaluate the use of addition of dexamethasone with local anaesthetics and compare the efficacy with simultaneous administration of systemic dexamethasone in brachial plexus blocks. Methods: Ninety-seven patients posted for upper limb surgeries were divided randomly into three groups to receive ultrasound guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block with bupivacaine saline combination(A) or dexamethasone bupivacaine combination(B) or a systemic dexamethasone(C) with bupivacaine alone in the plexus site. The onset and duration of sensory and motor blocks were noted.ANOVA, Chi square tests and intent to analyses were done according to the need and a p value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The variables like mean age, weight, duration of surgery were similar between the groups. The onset and duration of sensory and motor blocks were similar with addition of dexamethasone either in plexus(perineural) or systemic. Onset (A, B, C -17 vs 12 vs 12 in minutes) duration of sensory anaesthesia (414 vs 857 vs 838 minutes) But patients in both the dexamethasone groups showed significant shortening of action in onset and prolonged duration than saline group. (p <0.001), There were no significant side effects.Conclusion: Systemic dexamethasone had a similar effect on the onset and duration of both the sensory and motor actions in supraclavicular brachial plexus blocks as perineural dexamethasone. Dexamethasone usage, both systemic and perineural, reduces cumulative postoperative analgesic usage in the first 24 hours. Either of the two techniques outperformed the control group, which received only normal saline. There were no significant negative side effects.

Machine learning models effectively distinguish attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder using event-related potentials

Accurate diagnosis of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a significant challenge. Misdiagnosis has significant negative medical side effects. Due to the complex nature of this disorder, there is no computational expert system for diagnosis. Recently, automatic diagnosis of ADHD by machine learning analysis of brain signals has received an increased attention. This paper aimed to achieve an accurate model to discriminate between ADHD patients and healthy controls by pattern discovery. Event-Related Potentials (ERP) data were collected from ADHD patients and healthy controls. After pre-processing, ERP signals were decomposed and features were calculated for different frequency bands. The classification was carried out based on each feature using seven machine learning algorithms. Important features were then selected and combined. To find specific patterns for each model, the classification was repeated using the proposed patterns. Results indicated that the combination of complementary features can significantly improve the performance of the predictive models. The newly developed features, defined based on band power, were able to provide the best classification using the Generalized Linear Model, Logistic Regression, and Deep Learning with the average accuracy and Receiver operating characteristic curve > %99.85 and > 0.999, respectively. High and low frequencies (Beta, Delta) performed better than the mid, frequencies in the discrimination of ADHD from control. Altogether, this study developed a machine learning expert system that minimises misdiagnosis of ADHD and is beneficial for the evaluation of treatment efficacy.Graphical abstract

Systemic antiviral immunization by virus-mimicking nanoparticles-decorated erythrocytes

New vaccine technologies are urgently needed to produce safe and effective vaccines in a more timely manner to prevent future infectious disease pandemics. Here, we describe erythrocyte-mediated systemic antiviral immunization, a versatile vaccination strategy that boosts antiviral immune responses by using erythrocytes decorated with virus-mimetic nanoparticles carrying a viral antigen and a Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonist. As a proof of concept, polydopamine nanoparticles were synthesized via a simple in situ polymerization in which the nanoparticles were conjugated with the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S1 subunit and the TLR7/8 agonist R848. The resulting SARS-CoV-2 virus-mimetic nanoparticles were attached to erythrocytes via catechol groups on the nanoparticle. Erythrocytes naturally home to the spleen and interact with the immune system. Injection of the nanoparticle-decorated erythrocytes into mice resulted in greater maturation and activation of antigen-presenting cells, humoral and cellular immune responses in the spleen, production of S1-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies, and systemic antiviral T cell responses than a control group treated with the nanoparticles alone, with no significant negative side effects. These results show that erythrocyte-mediated systemic antiviral immunization using viral antigen- and TLR agonist-presenting polydopamine nanoparticles-a generalizable method applicable to many viral infections-is effective new approach to developing vaccines against severe infectious diseases.

Toward a circular economy: The role of digitalization

Toward a circular economy: The role of digitalization

Combining mitigation strategies to increase co-benefits for biodiversity and food security

World agriculture needs to find the right balance to cope with the trilemma between feeding a growing population, reducing its impact on biodiversity and minimizing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In this paper, we evaluate a broad range of scenarios that achieve 4.3 GtCO2,eq/year GHG mitigation in the Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land-Use (AFOLU) sector by 2100. Scenarios include varying mixes of three GHG mitigation policies: second-generation biofuel production, dietary change and reforestation of pasture. We find that focusing mitigation on a single policy can lead to positive results for a single indicator of food security or biodiversity conservation, but with significant negative side effects on others. A balanced portfolio of all three mitigation policies, while not optimal for any single criterion, minimizes trade-offs by avoiding large negative effects on food security and biodiversity conservation. At the regional scale, the trade-off seen globally between biodiversity and food security is nuanced by different regional contexts.

Mitigation of Equine Recurrent Uveitis through topical Suppressor of Cytokine signaling-1 (SOCS1) mimetic peptide: Open Label Safety and Efficacy Pilot study

Abstract Recurrent Uveitis (RU), is a relapsing/remitting disease that accounts for more than 10% of severe visual handicaps in US patients per year, despite treatments that often include steroids. Even when effective, prolonged steroid use is accompanied by significant negative side effects. As such, there is a critical need for the development of novel therapeutic strategies to treat RU. Notably, equine recurrent uveitis (ERU) is the only spontaneous model of human recurrent uveitis, and is also a leading cause of equine blindness. RU is driven by aberrant inflammation from the immune system. Notably, the body naturally generates a family of intracellular proteins, known as suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS), which prevent excessive inflammatory responses. We have previously shown that topical application of an eye drop, containing a cell-penetrating peptide that mimics SOCS1 (SOCS1-KIR), could mitigate experimental uveitis in mice. In order to evaluate the ability to translate our preclinical findings we conducted a first in equine, open label study in which we evaluated the safety and efficacy of topical SOCS1 peptide administration in ERU patients. We found that topical SOCS1-KIR administration was well tolerated in equine patients. Moreover, topical administration of SOCS1-KIR peptide twice a day was associated with reductions in ocular discomfort, hyperemia, and aqueous flare. Additionally, biochemical analyses of SOCS1-KIR revealed an enrichment strategy that could potentially be utilized to optimize ocular peptide dosing. Together, these results prove justification for conducting larger additional treatment studies in horses, and exploring SOCS1-KIR use in humans.

Distinct effects of cocaine and cocaine + cannabis on neurocognitive functioning and abstinence: A six-month follow-up study

Background and AimsCannabis use is frequent among individuals with cocaine use disorder. Despite recent non-controlled studies advocating a therapeutic role of smoked cannabis, there is a paucity of evidence-based data on potential therapeutic and cognitive side-effects of this association. MethodsWe examined 63 cocaine-addicted subjects who used cannabis more than 50 times in lifetime (COC + CAN), 24 cocaine-addicted patients who use cannabis less than 50 times (COC), and 36 controls (CON). Participants were evaluated with an extensive battery of neurocognitive tests after two weeks of supervised detoxification in an inpatient treatment program. Patients were followed up in one, three, and six months after discharge. ResultsBoth groups of patients performed worse than CON on working memory, processing speed, inhibitory control, mental flexibility, and decision making. COC + CAN performed worse than COC on speed processing, inhibitory control and sustained attention, while COC performed worse than COC + CAN on mental flexibility. Concomitant cannabis use did not decrease relapses to cocaine use after one, three and six months. Among COC + CAN, earlier cocaine and cannabis use, and impaired executive functioning were predictive of relapse on cocaine after six months. ConclusionOur results did not support the recommendation of smoked cannabis as a safe therapeutic approach for cocaine-addicted patients due to significant negative cognitive side-effects and absence of efficacy. Further studies investigating frontal brain morphology, neuromaturation, and prescription of the non-psychoactive constituent of cannabis sativa cannabidiol among cocaine-addicted patients who use cannabis are warranted.

Chemotherapy‐induced loss of bone and muscle mass in a mouse model of breast cancer bone metastases and cachexia

Chemotherapy used to treat malignancy can lead to loss of skeletal muscle mass and reduced force production, and can reduce bone volume in mice. We have shown that bone-muscle crosstalk is a key nexus in skeletal muscle function and bone homeostasis in osteolytic breast cancer bone metastases. Because chemotherapy has significant negative side effects on bone mass, and because bone loss can drive skeletal muscle weakness, we have examined the effects of chemotherapy on the musculoskeletal system in mice with breast cancer bone metastases. Six-week-old Female athymic nude mice were inoculated with 105 MDA-MB231 human breast cancer cells into the left ventricle and bone metastases were confirmed by X-ray. Mice were injected with carboplatin at a dose of 60mg/kg once per week starting 4 days after tumor inoculation. Skeletal muscle was collected for biochemical analysis and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) whole muscle contractility was measured. The femur and tibia bone parameters were assessed by microCT and tumor burden in bone was determined by histology. Healthy mice treated with carboplatin lose whole body weight and have reduced individual muscle weights (gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior (TA), and EDL), reduced trabecular bone volume (BV/TV), and reduced EDL function. Mice with MDA-MB-231 bone metastases treated with carboplatin lose body weight, and have reduced EDL function as healthy mice treated with carboplatin. Mice with MDA-MB-231 bone metastases plus carboplatin do have reduced proximal tibia BV/TV compared to carboplatin alone, but carboplatin does reduce tumor burden in bone. Our data shows that carboplatin treatment, aimed at reducing tumor burden, contributes to cachexia and trabecular bone loss. The muscle atrophy and weakness may occur through bone-muscle crosstalk and would lead to a feed-forward cycle of musculoskeletal degradation. Despite anti-tumor effects of chemotherapy, musculoskeletal impairment is still significant in mice with bone metastases.

Using Neurofeedback to Improve ADHD Symptoms in School-Aged Children

The diagnosis and treatment of the behaviors associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) predominantly involves pharmacological interventions. Many children experience significant negative side effects (e.g., appetite suppression, insomnia, headaches, stomachaches, irritability, and impaired height) from the initial and continued use of stimulant medication. Consequently, many parents are motivated to consider alternative treatments for ADHD such as neurofeedback. This paper presents an archival review of the improvements in auditory and visual attention and response control after 40 sessions of artifact-corrected neurofeedback for 51 children ages 6 to 17 with ADHD. Initially, the majority of these clients were identified as having severe to extreme auditory and visual attention impairments. The IVA-2 CPT was administered prior to treatment and after 20 and 40 treatment sessions were completed. After 20 sessions of neurofeedback significant improvements of both auditory and visual attention and response control were found with small to large size effects. The clients continued to improve after an additional 20 sessions, with medium to large size effects after 40 sessions. At completion of treatment the mean of eight of the nine attention and response control scores fell within the “normal” range.

VEN-α, an engineered mammalian milk protein, demonstrates potent proinflammatory cytokine neutralization implicated in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Abstract Inflammatory Bowel Disease, which is comprised of Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are chronic and debilitating diseases. Traditional therapies, which consist of anti-inflammatories and immunomodulators, are palliative at best and do not alter the progressive course of the disease. Advances in the understanding IBD pathology have led to new therapeutic strategies that are centered around targeted biologics to significantly alter disease progression. Although these targeted biologics demonstrate significant improvements in the quality of life for patients, systemic administration can have significant negative side effects such as risk of infection and malignancies. Ventria Bioscience utilizes a nonanimal-based expression system known as ExpressTec to express at commercially viable levels a recombinant human milk protein that has potent anti-inflammatory activity. This protein, known as VEN-α, exhibits a protective effect when T84 monolayers are exposed to proinflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha and Interferon-gamma in the presence of VEN-α in vitro. Further, when orally delivered once daily to mice subjected to DSS treatment ad libitum, VEN-α improves clinical and histopathological outcomes that is comparable to cyclosporin. Oral delivery of VEN-α may reduce unwanted effects associated with systemic administration and at the same time concentrate the active biologic at the site of pathology. Future studies planned will focus on further detailing efficacy in other models of IBD and understanding the pharmacokinetic profile of this orally delivered biologic. However, collectively the data to date suggests the orally delivered VEN-α has potential as a novel targeted biologic in the treatment of IBD.

Roadside drug testing: Incoherent policy or uncertainty by design?

Roadside drug testing regimes being implemented around Australia have been presented as essential for road safety but are compromised by significant policy incoherence. Prosecution based upon driving impairment has been replaced with prosecution based upon mere detection of a specified substance. The conflation of road safety and prohibition as the jurisprudential rationale for penalty by legislators is producing significant negative side effects for the criminal justice system and for the social legitimacy of the roadside testing process generally. Genuine impairment testing for drivers is important but it is not being achieved by the current procedures in place around Australia.

Acid suppressants for managing gastro-oesophageal reflux and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in infants: a national survey

ObjectivesTo evaluate the diagnosis and management of reflux and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) in infants aged <1 year presenting to general practitioners (GPs).Design, setting and participantsA nationally representative, prospective, cross-sectional...

Efficacy of a biobehavioral intervention for hot flashes: a randomized controlled pilot study.

The need for effective nonhormonal treatments for hot flash management without unwanted side effects continues. The primary aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the effect of combining a nonhormonal pharmacologic agent with a behavioral treatment for hot flash reduction. Seventy-one postmenopausal women were randomized to one of four groups: venlafaxine 75 mg + hypnosis (VH) versus venlafaxine 75 mg + sham hypnosis (VSH) versus a placebo pill + hypnosis (PH) versus placebo pill + sham hypnosis (PSH). Women recorded hot flash severity and frequency in a daily diary, in real time. The intrapatient difference in hot flash score (frequency × severity) at 8 weeks was analyzed using a General Estimating Equation model, using VSH as the referent arm, controlling for baseline hot flashes. The active arms including PH or VH were not statistically significantly different than VSH (P = 0.34, P = 0.05, respectively). Women in each active arm reported hot flash reductions of about 50%, with the PSH group reporting a 25% reduction. Women receiving the PSH reported statistically significantly smaller reductions in hot flash score than women in the referent VSH arm (P = 0.001). There were no significant negative side effects during the course of the study. Hypnosis alone reduced hot flashes equal to venlafaxine alone, but the combination of hypnosis and venlafaxine did not reduce hot flashes more than either treatment alone. More research is needed to clarify whether combining hypnosis with a different antidepressant would provide synergistic benefits.

Follow-up of Thalidomide treatment in patients with Hereditary Haemorrhagic Telangiectasia.

Patients with a hereditary vascular disorder called Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome (Hereditary Haemorrhagic Telangiectasia, HHT) haemorrhage easily due to weak-walled vessels. Haemorrhage in lungs or brain can be fatal but patients suffer most from chronic and prolonged nosebleeds (epistaxis), the frequency and intensity of which increases with age. Several years ago, it was discovered serendipitously that the drug Thalidomide had beneficial effects on the disease symptoms in several of a small group of HHT patients: epistaxis and the incidence of anaemia were reduced and patients required fewer blood transfusions. In addition, they reported a better quality of life. However, Thalidomide has significant negative side effects, including neuropathy and fatigue. We followed up all HHT patients in the Netherlands who had been taking Thalidomide at the time the original study was completed to find out (i) how many had continued taking Thalidomide and for how long (ii) the nature and severity of any side-effects and (iii) whether side-effects had influenced their decision to continue taking Thalidomide. Only a minority of patients had continued taking the drug despite its beneficial effects on their symptoms and that the side effects were the primary reason to stop. Despite symptom reduction, alternative treatments are still necessary for epistaxis in HHT patients and a large-scale clinical trial is not justified although incidental use in the most severely affected patients can be considered.

Abstract 1685: In vivo efficacy of PSMA ADC in combination with enzalutamide in castration-resistant prostate cancer

Abstract Despite multiple new treatment options for patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), the overall survival benefit still remains relatively short. Therefore, it is possible that combining these and other new agents can potentially broaden individual therapeutic windows by achieving greater efficacy and improved safety profiles. Prostate-specific membrane antigen antibody-drug conjugate (PSMA ADC), a fully human anti-PSMA antibody linked to monomethylauristatin E (MMAE), is currently in phase 2 development for the treatment of CRPC. We have previously demonstrated significant efficacy of PSMA ADC in advanced prostate cancer patient-derived xenografts and moreover have also shown synergy between PSMA ADC and enzalutamide (ENZ) in vitro. The objective of the current studies was to evaluate the efficacy of PSMA ADC in combination with ENZ to inhibit CRPC patient-derived xenografts (PDX) in a preclinical setting. First, we performed a pilot study to determine a sub-optimal dose for PSMA ADC, using LuCaP 96CR, a model of CRPC with high PSMA expression that previously showed significant regressions in response to PSMA ADC. Animals bearing subcutaneous LuCaP 96CR were treated with a single dose of PSMA ADC (1, 2, or 5 mg/kg, IP) or a non-PSMA targeted ADC (5 mg/kg) and followed for up to 10 weeks. PSMA ADC demonstrated dose-dependent efficacy, and based on the results, a single dose of PSMA ADC (2 mg/kg) was selected for combination treatment with ENZ (50 mg/kg; 5x/week, oral gavage). The effects of the PSMA ADC+ENZ combination were compared to PSMA ADC alone, ENZ alone, and placebo control. At six weeks after the beginning of treatment the changes in tumor volume were: fold increases of enrollment tumor volume in control (4.9 ± 0.40); ENZ (2.83 ± 0.37); and PSMA ADC (1.6 ± 0.43); and decrease in tumor volume in the combination group (0.28 ± 0.10). In the control and ENZ groups all tumors were progressing at 6 weeks, while in the PSMA ADC group there were 4 tumors that had decreased tumor volume, and all 11 animals in the PSMA ADC + ENZ groups had regressing tumors. The tumor growth inhibition was also reflected by changes in serum PSA. Most interestingly, a 12-week follow up and survival analysis show that all three treatments resulted in significant survival benefits but the combination therapy effects were the most pronounced resulting in ENZ vs PSMA ADC+ENZ HR = 0.09 with P = 0.0415 and with no deaths observed in the combination group. No significant negative side effects were associated with the combination treatment. Additional post-treatment analyses are underway. In summary, our results clearly indicate that the combination of PSMA ADC+ENZ possesses strong antitumor activity in the LuCaP 96CR model that is much more pronounced than the inhibitory effects of either agent alone. These results provide a strong rationale for clinical testing of PSMA ADC in combination with androgen-directed treatment strategies. Citation Format: Vincent A. DiPippo, Holly M. Nguyen, Lisha G. Brown, William C. Olson, Robert L. Vessella, Eva Corey. In vivo efficacy of PSMA ADC in combination with enzalutamide in castration-resistant prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1685. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1685

ASSESSMENT OF THE GENERAL PSYCHOLOGICAL AND FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS CAUSED BY VIBRATIONS AT DRIVERS OF HEAVY MOTOR VEHICLES

In this paper we presented a research that estimates general psychological and functional characteristics of motor vehicle drivers, with the goal of determining the adverse effects of noise and vibration on the drivers. The study was conducted on a sample of 56 participants, professional drivers of motor vehicles, randomly chosen from companies of various types operating in transport of passengers and goods. For the evaluation of the results,we used descriptive and correlational analysis. The results showed that there were significant negative side effects caused by the nature of work of drivers, especially those under the influence of noise and vibration, which are even more significant in older participants and those with more years of service and those who spend more time driving during the interval of 24 hours , as well as those who drive heavier vehicles.

The implementation of musculoskeletal injury-prevention exercise programmes in team ball sports: a systematic review employing the RE-AIM framework.

Team ball sports such as soccer, basketball and volleyball have high participation levels worldwide. Musculoskeletal injuries are common in team ball sports and are associated with significant treatment costs, participation loss and long-term negative side effects. The results of recent randomized controlled trials provide support for the protective effect of injury-prevention exercise programmes (IPEPs) in team ball sports, but also highlight that achieving adequate compliance can be challenging. A key process in enhancing the ultimate impact of team ball sport IPEPs is identifying the specific implementation components that influence the adoption, execution and maintenance of these interventions. Despite this, no systematic review focussing on the specific implementation components of team ball sport IPEPs has been conducted. Our objective was to assess the reporting of specific implementation components in the published literature on team ball sport IPEPs using the Reach Efficacy Adoption Implementation Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework. Six electronic databases were systematically searched from inception to December 2012 for papers reporting team ball sport IPEP trials. All eligible papers were independently evaluated by two raters before reaching consensus on the reporting of individual RE-AIM items, using the RE-AIM Model Dimension Items Checklist (RE-AIM MDIC). A total of 60 papers, reporting 52 unique intervention trials, met eligibility criteria. Before consensus, the level of agreement across all trials between reviewers using the RE-AIM MDIC ranged from 81 to 91%. The RE-AIM MDIC dimension of 'efficacy' had the highest level of reporting, with the five individual items in this dimension reported in 19-100% of eligible trials (mean 58%). The RE-AIM MDIC dimension 'maintenance-setting level' had the lowest level of reporting, with none of the four individual items in this dimension reported. For other dimensions, the mean level of reporting and range across items were 'reach' 34% (12-60%); 'adoption-setting level' 1% (0-2%); 'adoption-delivery agent level' 7% (4-10%); 'implementation' 36% (13-63%) and 'maintenance individual level' 1% (0-4%). Information on the specific implementation components of team ball sport IPEPs in published studies is scarce. In particular, major reporting gaps exist regarding the adoption and maintenance of these programmes. The RE-AIM MDIC can be successfully applied to reviewing literature in this context.