Significant Multiple Correlation Research Articles

PENGARUH KOMPETENSI DOSEN, KURIKULUM DAN MOTIVASI TERHADAP PRESTASI BELAJAR MAHASISWA FAKULTAS AGAMA ISLAM STAI LAA ROIBA BOGOR

This study aims to determine the effect of curriculum competence and motivation on the achievement of learning outcomes of Islamic Faculty students. The form of survey research is quantitative, namely research carried out to look for the influence of curriculum, lecturer competency and motivation on the achievement of student learning outcomes in the Faculty of Islam Tarbiyah Department Laa Roiba Islamic High School, Bogor Regency.
 The research method used in this study is the survey method. This study is correlational because research seeks to investigate the relationship between several research variables namely competency variables, curriculum and motivation towards learning achievement. This correlation study will use correlation and regression analysis. In this study there are three independent variables, namely competence (X1), Curriculum (X2), and motivation (X3) on the dependentvariable, namely learning achievement (Y). The three independent variables (X1, X2, and X3) are associated with the dependent variable (Y).
 The results of the study show that there is a positive influence between lecturer competencies (X1) on learning achievement (Y). This is indicated by the correlation coefficient of 0.921 with the significance of the tcount correlation coefficient of 3.967 and the significance of the regression coefficient F count of 51.930 which is very significant at α = 0.05. for curriculum (X2) on learning achievement (Y). There is a positive influence. This is indicated by the correlation coefficient of 0.914 with the significance of the tcount correlation coefficient of 8.547 and the significance of the regression coefficient Fcount of 51.930 which is very significant at α = 0.05, and for motivation (X3) for achievement of learning outcomes (Y). This is indicated by the correlation coefficient of 0.940with the significance of the tcount correlation coefficient of 3.189 and the significance of the regression coefficient F is 51.930 which is very significant at α = 0.05, while the results of the lecturer competency analysis (X1), curriculum (X2), and motivation (X3) are together towards the achievement of learning outcomes (Y) has a significant multiple correlation coefficient with a value of 0.858 with the significance of the multiple regression coefficient F 51.930. In this study shows the importance of variable competence of lecturers, curriculum and motivation in an effort to improve student learning achievement and it can be concluded that as an educator must have competence, understand the curriculum and provide motivation to students, student achievement will increase and vice versa if as an educator do not have good competence, do not understand the curriculum and provide less motivation to students, the achievement of learning outcomes will decrease.

Pengaruh Kompetensi Dosen, Kurikulum dan Motivasi terhadap Prestasi Belajar Mahasiswa Fakultas Agama Islam STAI Laa Roiba Bogor

This study aims to determine the effect of curriculum competence and motivation on the achievement of learning outcomes of Islamic Faculty students. The form of survey research is quantitative, namely research carried out to look for the influence of curriculum, lecturer competency and motivation on the achievement of student learning outcomes in the Faculty of Islam Tarbiyah Department Laa Roiba Islamic High School, Bogor Regency. The research method used in this study is the survey method. This study is correlational because research seeks to investigate the relationship between several research variables namely competency variables, curriculum and motivation towards learning achievement. This correlation study will use correlation and regression analysis. In this study there are three independent variables, namely competence (X1), Curriculum (X2), and motivation (X3) on the dependentvariable, namely learning achievement (Y). The three independent variables (X1, X2, and X3) are associated with the dependent variable (Y).
 The results of the study show that there is a positive influence between lecturer competencies (X1) on learning achievement (Y). This is indicated by the correlation coefficient of 0.921 with the significance of the tcount correlation coefficient of 3.967 and the significance of the regression coefficient F count of 51.930 which is very significant at α = 0.05. for curriculum (X2) on learning achievement (Y). There is a positive influence. This is indicated by the correlation coefficient of 0.914 with the significance of the tcount correlation coefficient of 8.547 and the significance of the regression coefficient Fcount of 51.930 which is very significant at α = 0.05, and for motivation (X3) for achievement of learning outcomes (Y). This is indicated by the correlation coefficient of 0.940with the significance of the tcount correlation coefficient of 3.189 and the significance of the regression coefficient F is 51.930 which is very significant at α = 0.05, while the results of the lecturer competency analysis (X1), curriculum (X2), and motivation (X3) are together towards the achievement of learning outcomes (Y) has a significant multiple correlation coefficient with a value of 0.858 with the significance of the multiple regression coefficient F 51.930. In this study shows the importance of variable competence of lecturers, curriculum and motivation in an effort to improve student learning achievement and it can be concluded that as an educator must have competence, understand the curriculum and provide motivation to students, student achievement will increase and vice versa if as an educator do not have good competence, do not understand the curriculum and provide less motivation to students, the achievement of learning outcomes will decrease.

Spiritual leadership and organizational citizenship behavior in iranian higher education

The present study was conducted in higher education of Iran to the relationship between spiritual leadership (SL) and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) in higher education institution Qom, Iran. The results showed that SL score was at average level and OCB score was lower than mid-level. The results showed that there was significant multiple correlation between SL and OCB. Beta coefficients among SL and OCB were significant and no autocorrelation existed and regression model was significant. Important modifications were also observed as regards demographic variables. This paper shows to the importance of analyzing SL and OCB in Iranian higher education. It offers practical help to universities to develop SL and motivation activity so educational employees’ leader emphasis on spiritual needs in the office produces valuable consequences for the individual and organization.

Information needs, accessibility and utilization of library information resources as determinants of psychological well-being of prison inmates in Nigeria

This paper investigated information needs, accessibility and utilization of library information resources as determinants of psychological well-being of prison inmates in Nigeria. Survey research design of the correlation type was adopted. The stratified random sampling was used to select 2875 inmates from the population of 4,823 in 12 prisons with functional libraries. A questionnaire titled Information need, accessibility, utilization and psychological well-being of Prison Inmates was used to collect data on the sampled 2875 inmates out of which 2759 correctly completed questionnaire resulting in a response rate of 95.34%, were used in data analysis. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics of percentages, mean and standard deviation and inferential statistics of correlation analyses. The study found that there was significant multiple correlation among information needs, accessibility to library information resources, utilization of library information resources and psychological well-being of the inmates (r=0.665.p≤ 0.05). Also, there was significant relationship between: psychological well-being and accessibility to library information resources by prison inmates (r=0.438; p≤ 0.05); utilization of library information resources (r= .410; p≤05), and information needs (r=.454; p≤ 05). Result also indicated that information needs, accessibility to library information resources and utilization of library information resources are very critical ingredients in determining the psychological well-being of prison inmates. Consequently, all stakeholders should endeavour to equip prison libraries with relevant and current information resources for improved psychological well-being of prison inmates. article. Keywords: Psychological well-being. Information needs. Accessibility. Utilization. Library Information Resources. Prison inmates. NigeriaLink: http://www2.marilia.unesp.br/revistas/index.php/bjis/article/view/5034

Information needs, accessibility and utilization of library information resources as determinantes of psychological well-being of prison inmates in Nigeria

This paper investigated information needs, accessibility and utilization of library information resources as determinants of psychological well-being of prison inmates in Nigeria. Survey research design of the correlation type was adopted. The stratified random sampling was used to select 2875 inmates from the population of 4,823 in 12 prisons with functional libraries. A questionnaire titled Information need, accessibility, utilization and psychological well-being of Prison Inmates was used to collect data on the sampled 2875 inmates out of which 2759 correctly completed questionnaire resulting in a response rate of 95.34%, were used in data analysis. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics of percentages, mean and standard deviation and inferential statistics of correlation analyses. The study found that there was significant multiple correlation among information needs, accessibility to library information resources, utilization of library information resources and psychological well-being of the inmates (r=0.665.p? 0.05). Also, there was significant relationship between: psychological well-being and accessibility to library information resources by prison inmates (r=0.438; p? 0.05); utilization of library information resources (r= .410; p?05), and information needs (r=.454; p? 05). Result also indicated that information needs, accessibility to library information resources and utilization of library information resources are very critical ingredients in determining the psychological well-being of prison inmates. Consequently, all stakeholders should endeavour to equip prison libraries with relevant and current information resources for improved psychological well-being of prison inmates

Overlap between empathy, teamwork and integrative approach to patient care

Background: Empathy, teamwork and an integrative approach to patient care share common denominators such as interpersonal skills and understanding patients' concerns. Thus, a significant overlap among measures of empathy, teamwork and integrative approach to patient care is expected.Aim: This study examined the magnitude of overlap (shared variance) among three measures of empathy, teamwork and an integrative approach to patient care.Methods: Three-hundred seventy-three medical students completed the Jefferson Scale of Empathy (JSE), the Jefferson Scale of Attitudes toward Physician–Nurse Collaboration (JSAPNC) and Integrative Patient Care (IPC).Results: Significant overlaps were found among the three measures (p < 0.01), ranging from 13% (r = 0.36), between JSAPNC and IPC, to 18% (r = 0.42), between JSE and JSAPNC, and 30% (r = 0.55) between JSE and IPC for the total sample. Pattern of findings was similar for men and women. In a multiple regression model, a significant multiple correlation (R = 0.60, p < 0.01) was obtained in correlating scores on the JSE with the JSAPNC, and IPC scores, controlling for gender effect (men = 0 and women = 1).Conclusions: The significant links between empathy, teamwork and IPC support the common denominator assumption. The findings that IPC shares common variance with empathy and teamwork have implications for medical education curriculum, suggesting that implementation of integrative patient care can improve empathic engagement in patient care and orientation toward teamwork.

The Effect of Central Bank of Nigeria ( CBN ) Money Supply Management on Commercial Bank Loans and Advances ( CBLA ) and Output

Monetary policy is one of the macroeconomic instruments with which monetary authority in a country employs in the management of money supply and the economy thereof to attain the fundamental objectives of price stability and maintenance of balance of payment. The monetary policy strives to explain the correlation between macro economic variables and the monetary variable and this form the focal point of this study. The study also set out to ascertain the impact of CBN money supply on the growth of Nigeria economy, ascertain the extent of correlation that exists between money supply and output. Scholars in the field opined that contractionary monetary policy negatively influences total consumption, CBLA and output. Within this framework, money supply, CLBA and output variables are analyzed for the period of 18 years (1994-2012) using Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) tool. The findings shows that change in money supply (M2) has significant effect on variables such as CBLA and output in Nigerian economy within the period under review, Also there is a significant strong multiple correlation among Real GDP, Money supply and Commercial Banks' loans and Advances (R= 95.1%). The coefficient of Determination (R2) reveals that 90.5% of variations in RGDP were explained by our selected explanatory variables (Money supply and Commercial Banks' loans and Advances).

The Effect of Central Bank of Nigeria (Cbn) Money Supply Management on Commercial Bank Loans and Advances (Cbla) and Output

Monetary policy is one of the macroeconomic instruments with which monetary authority in a country employs in the management of money supply and the economy thereof to attain the fundamental objectives of price stability and maintenance of balance of payment. The monetary policy strives to explain the correlation between macro economic variables and the monetary variable and this form the focal point of this study. The study also set out to ascertain the impact of CBN money supply on the growth of Nigeria economy, ascertain the extent of correlation that exists between money supply and output. Scholars in the field opined that contractionary monetary policy negatively influences total consumption, CBLA and output. Within this framework, money supply, CLBA and output variables are analyzed for the period of 18 years (1994-2012) using Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) tool. The findings shows that change in money supply (M2) has significant effect on variables such as CBLA and output in Nigerian economy within the period under review, Also there is a significant strong multiple correlation among Real GDP, Money supply and Commercial Banks' loans and Advances (R= 95.1%). The coefficient of Determination (R2) reveals that 90.5% of variations in RGDP were explained by our selected explanatory variables (Money supply and Commercial Banks' loans and Advances).

Quality of Work Life Factors for Mental Health Therapists Providing Neurofeedback

The current study investigates factors connected to Quality of Work Life (QWL) for mental health therapists providing neurofeedback (NFB) based on previous NFB conceptual framework and QWL findings (Larson, In Press; Larson, Cothran, Drandorff, Morgan, & Ryan, 2012; Larson, Ryan, & Baerentzen, 2010). One hundred and ninety-eight NFB therapists completed online surveys gathering demographics and ratings of practice behaviors and characteristics. SPSS version 20 was utilized for descriptive statistics, frequencies, means, standard deviations, ranges, Pearson Product-Moment Correlation analyses, independent samples t-tests, and a regular simultaneous regression analysis. Results of this study found that QWL separately correlated with calmness, observant, realistic, and optimistic scores, and therapists with high levels of technique and commitment reported significantly higher QWL scores compared to therapists with moderate levels of technique and commitment. The current findings indicated that 40% of the variance in the QWL can be determined by variance in a significant multiple correlation of confidence, monthly NFB sessions, years of NFB experience, and burnout.

A Greedy Correlation Measure Based Attribute Clustering Algorithm for Gene Selection

This paper proposes an attribute clustering algorithm for grouping attributes into clusters so as to obtain meaningful modes from microarray data. First the problem of attribute clustering is analyzed and neighborhood mutual information is introduced to solve it. Furthermore, an attribute clustering algorithm is presented for grouping attributes into clusters through optimizing a criterion function which is derived from an information measure that reflects the correlation between attributes. Then, by applying this method to gene expression data, meaningful clusters are discovered which assists to capture aspects of gene association patterns. Thus, significant genes containing useful information for gene classification and identification are selected. In the following, the proposed algorithm is employed to six gene expression data sets and a comparison is made with several well known gene selection methods. Experiments show that the greedy correlation measure based attribute clustering algorithm, noted as GCMACA, is more capable of discovering meaningful clusters of genes. Through selecting a subset of genes which have a high significant multiple correlation value with others within clusters, informative genes can be acquired and gene expression of different categories can be identified as well.

2240 – Simple and multiple relationships between assertiveness, sensation seeking, alexithymia and addiction potential in university students

Alexithymia components (difficulty identifying feelings, externality oriented thinking and difficulty describing) and addiction potential in university students. Two hundred and fifty students were selected by cluster sampling from Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran. The scales used for this descriptive study were the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), the Assertiveness Self-Report Inventory (ASRI), the Arnett inventory of sensation seeking, and the Iranian Addiction Potential Scale (IAPS). Data were analyzed with statistical analyzer software SPSS-ver. 16. There were simple and multiple relationships between assertiveness, sensation seeking, Alexithymia, difficulty identifying feelings, externality oriented thinking and difficulty describing and addiction potential. Multiple regression analysis (stepwise method) showed that sensation seeking, difficulty identifying feelings and assertiveness had significant multiple correlations with addiction potential (F=24.25, p< 0.001). The variables of externality oriented thinking and difficulty describing feelings were eliminated by the regression analysis. Variables such as sensation seeking, difficulty identifying feelings and assertiveness predicted addiction potential among university students. The most important implication of this research was to pay attention scientifically to these variables as the fundamental factors of this difficulty, rather than just emphasizing the cessation of drug or alcohol using.

Relationship Between Information Literacy and Creativity: A Study of Students at the Isfahan University of Medical Sciences

Introduction:In an era of huge volume of publications and information products, information literacy has become a very important survival tool. Information literacy is an instrument for individual empowerment that leads one to search for the truth and the desired information for decision making with independence. While creativity is the foundation of sciences and innovation, one of the main functions of universities is expanding the frontiers of knowledge and productions of scientific information. Therefore creativity is more vital and necessary for these kinds of institutions than other organizations. In this regard, this paper investigates the relationship between information literacy and creativity of students at the Isfahan University of Medical Sciences.Method:This is a correlation-descriptive study. Statistical population was third year students of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (1054 individuals) in 2011. Sample size was 250 individuals selected by stratified random Sampling. The instruments for data collection were two questionnaires, an investigator made questionnaire for information literacy and a creativity questionnaire. For questionnaires validity used content validity and for their reliability used Cronbach Alpha Coefficient (r1= 0.95, r2=0.85). SPSS 18 statistical software and descriptive and inferential statistics tests (Frequency distribution tab, Pearson Correlation, T test, Tukey test and ANOVA) were used to analyze data.Results:The results indicate that mean of information literacy was higher than average and mean of creativity was lower than average. There is a significant multiple correlation between 5 dimensions of information literacy (Ability to determine extent and nature of information, effective and efficient access, critical assessment, ability of purposeful application, ability of understanding legal and economic issues) and creativity in level of (p≤ 0.05). Also mean difference of ability of purposeful application based on gender was significant in level of (p≤ 0.05). It means the ability of purposeful application in male students was more than female students.Conclusion:We are living in the information age and one of the variables that are associated with creativity is information literacy. The results indicated that the students who are more creative are more information literate and can reach higher goals. Therefore we can contemplate that increasing information literacy in the universities and other scientific education centers plays an important role in teaching and training a creative workforce.

Warming of Atlantic Water in two west Spitsbergen fjords over the last century (1912–2009)

The recently observed warming of west Spitsbergen fjords has led to anomalous sea-ice conditions and has implications for the marine ecosystem. We investigated long-term trends of maximum temperature of AtlanticWater (AW) in two west Spitsbergen fjords. The data set is composed of more than 400 oceanographic stations for Isfjorden and Grønfjorden (78.1°N), spanning from 1876 to 2009. Trends throughout the last century (1912-2009) indicate an increase of 1.9°C and 2.1°C in the maximum temperature during autumn for Isfjorden and Grønfjorden, respectively. A recent warming event in the beginning of the 21st century is found to be more than 1°C higher than the second warmest period in the time series. Mean sea-level pressure (MSLP) data from ERA-40 and ERA-Interim data sets produced by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts and mean temperature in the core of the West Spitsbergen Current (WSC) at the Sørkapp Section along 76.3°N were used to explain the variability of the maximum temperature. A correlation analysis confirmed previous findings, showing that variability in the oceanography of the fjords can be explained mainly by two external factors: AW temperature variability in the WSC and regional patterns of the wind stress field. To take both processes into consideration, a multiple regression model accounting for temperature in the WSC core and MSLP over the area was developed. The predicted time series shows a reasonable agreement with observed maxima temperature in Isfjorden for the period 1977-2009 (N=24), with a statistically significant multiple correlation coefficient of 0.60 (R²=0.36) at P&lt;0.05.Keywords Temperature; West Spitsbergen Current; Atlantic Water; ERA reanalysis; warming; Svalbard(Published: 6 May 2013)Citation: Polar Research 2013, 32, 11206, http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/polar.v32i0.11206

The Relationship Between Burnout, Interpersonal Commitment, Client Adherence, and Quality of Work Life Among Neurofeedback Practitioners

This study identified neurofeedback (NFB) practitioner self-perceptions related to quality of work life. We also identified practitioner self-perceptions of common clinician factors related to NFB. To guide this current study, we utilized our previous conceptual framework research on practitioner perspectives of NFB (Larson, Ryan, & Baerentzen, 2010). One hundred forty-eight NFB practitioners completed online surveys gathering demographic information and ratings of practice behaviors and characteristics. For data set analyses, we utilized descriptive statistics, frequencies, means, standard deviations, ranges, Cronbach's alpha analysis, Pearson product–moment correlation analysis, and a regular simultaneous regression analysis. Our results indicated that 74% of the variance in quality of work life can be determined by variance in a significant multiple correlation of burnout, interpersonal skills commitment, and client adherence. We found monthly sessions correlated with financial gain or loss (FGL). We a...

Corporate Sectoral Investments and Economic Growth in Nigeria: Evidence from the Capital Market

This study aims at articulating an empirical basis for prioritizing corporate sectoral investments in the Nigerian capital market and also, evaluating the extent to which market capitalization of the Nigeria stock exchange reflects the net sectoral investments of corporate organizations quoted therein. Covering the period 1984 to 2009 (26yrs), the study population consists of all the thirty (30) classified sectors of the market, while the study sample is made up of the eighteen (18) sectors with operational activities over the period of study. Multiple correlation and stepwise regression techniques are utilised and the relevant hypotheses tested at 0.05 level of significance. The F-test and F-change test statistics are employed. The results establish a significant multiple correlation between the Nigerian Stock Market Capitalization and Corporate net sectoral investments, while net corporate investments in four sectors of capital market activity – petroleum marketing, building materials, packaging and banking are found to significantly contribute to variations in Nigeria’s GDP. It is recommended that these four sectors should continually enhance their capitalizations to facilitate further investments and also, engage in product diversification. Further, the banking sector is recommended to adopt sectoral contributions to the GDP as one of the plausible criteria for lending decisions, while the resolution of an optimal portfolio for sectoral investments in the Nigerian Capital Market is recommended as an issue arising from this study for further research.

Assertiveness and Organizational Trust as predictors of mental and Physical Health in a Romanian Oil Company

In this paper a model validation was designed on assertiveness and organizational trust with the criteria mental health and physical health. The participants were 128 employees, aged between 25 and 52 years old (m= 37.18; S.D.=6.52), male and female, oil company from Romania, Bucharest. The instrument was CAPES (Aniţei & Chraif, 2010). Applying linear regression model stepwise, β standardized coefficients highlight that assertiveness, organizational trust and their subscales are predictors for mental and physical health (p<0.05). Therefore, a high level of assertiveness has a strong positive statistically significant correlation with work overloaded (r=0.37; p<0.05) and a strong negative statistically significant multiple correlation with mental and physical health.

Statistical analysis of groundwater chemistry of the Tarim River lower reaches, Northwest China

This study applied a comprehensive quantitative approach including statistical, principal component and gray relation analyses to assess the groundwater chemistry based on monitored data from 840 samples collected from the lower reaches of Tarim River from 2000 to 2009. The main findings were: (1) there were six types of groundwater chemistry in the lower reaches of Tarim River where Cl·SO4–Na·Mg was the dominant type accounting for 73.57% in all samples. There were linear relationships among chemical parameters, where TDS had significant multiple correlations with Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+ and Cl−, respectively. (2) Three principal components (PC1, PC2 and PC3) were extracted. They included comprehensive measurements for salinization, alkalinity and pH, respectively. Most parameters showed decreasing trends during the period of 2000–2009, as well as the scores on PC1, because the concentrations of various chemical substances were diluted due to the uplift of the groundwater table in the lower reaches and the implementation of the ecological water delivery project in 2000. (3) HCO3 − was the most sensitive chemical parameter affected by the groundwater table followed by TA, Mg2+, TH, SO 4 2− , K+, TDS and TS. PC2 was the most sensitive principal component to the change of the groundwater table followed by PC1 and PC3.

Estimation of nutrients and organic matter in Korean swine slurry using multiple regression analysis of physical and chemical properties

Swine waste land application has increased due to organic fertilization, but excess application in an arable system can cause environmental risk. Therefore, in situ characterizations of such resources are important prior to application. To explore this, 41 swine slurry samples were collected from Korea, and wide differences were observed in the physico-biochemical properties. However, significant (P<0.001) multiple property correlations (R2) were obtained between nutrients with specific gravity (SG), electrical conductivity (EC), total solids (TS) and pH. The different combinations of hydrometer, EC meter, drying oven and pH meter were found useful to estimate Mn, Fe, Ca, K, Al, Na, N and 5-day biochemical oxygen demands (BOD5) at improved R2 values of 0.83, 0.82, 0.77, 0.75, 0.67, 0.47, 0.88 and 0.70, respectively. The results from this study suggest that multiple property regressions can facilitate the prediction of micronutrients and organic matter much better than a single property regression for livestock waste.

Designing multidrug-resistance modulators circumventing the reverse pH gradient in tumours.

Multidrug-resistant tumours often exhibit a reverse pH gradient (acid outside), as they have an acid extracellular pH (pHe) and a neutral alkaline intracellular pH (pHi). This study was designed to test the hypothesis that the ability of lipophilic drugs to mediate multidrug resistance (MDR) reversal by interacting with the membrane phospholipids may be correlated with pH in resistant tumours. The permeation properties of five MDR modulators were therefore studied at 37 degrees C by quantifying their ability to induce the leakage of Sulfan blue through unilamellar anionic liposomes, over the range pH 6.5-7.7, and in the absence of any membrane potential (pHe = pHi). The dye leakage induced by two calcium blockers (diltiazem and verapamil) and two antiparasitic agents (thioacridine derivative and mepacrine) was found to significantly increase with the pH of the medium (P < 0.001), whereas that induced by a non-ionic detergent (Triton X-100) showed almost no pH-dependent variations. This process was a cooperative one (0.8 < Hill coefficient < 8.5) and the permeation doses inducing 50% dye leakage (PD50) ranged from 1.6 to 36.0 mM. The permeation ability of the MDR modulators (log(1/PD50)) significantly increased with their octanol-buffer distributions (logD) (slope = 0.35+/-0.06; y intercept = 1.65 +/- 0.14; P < 0.0001) and significantly decreased with their net electric charge (z) (slope = -0.48+/-0.07; y intercept = 2.85+/-0.08; P < 0.0001). A highly significant multiple correlation was found to exist between the variations of log(1/PD50) with those of logD and z (dlog(1/PD50)/dlogD = 0.21 +/- 0.05; dlog(1/PD50)/dz = -0.34+/-0.07; y intercept = 2.27+/-0.17; P < 0.000001). The results provide evidence that in resistant tumours (acid pHe and neutral alkaline pHi), the MDR reversal might be enhanced by favourable drug-membrane interactions if the modulators are designed in the form of highly lipophilic (logP approximately equals 4) mono-basic drugs with a near neutral pKa (pKa approximately equals 7-8).

Fatores que afetam artrópodes associados a cinco acessos de ginseng-brasileiro (Pfaffia glomerata) em Montes Claros, Estado de Minas Gerais

The objective of this study was to identify arthropods associated with five accessions ('NDS', 'COVB', 'NAT', 'ROST' and 'GSD1') of Pfaffia glomerata and the effect of weather, canopy height, foliar face, trichomes, and naturals enemies over the entomofauna. The arthropods Aphis gossypii, Diabrotica speciosa, and Tetranychus ludeni had the highest population densities. Among naturals enemies, there were predator mites associated with the broad mite Polyphagotarsonemus latus, and the spiders associated with defoliator beetles, aphids and leafhoppers. Significant positive multiple and linear correlations were observed between the population of A. gossypii and the density of Crematogaster sp., and negative correlation was observed with the density of Cycloneda sanguinea and air temperature. Higher population density of mites T. ludeni, T. urticae and P. latus was observed in the period of low relative humidity. Higher density of A. gossypii was observed in accessions 'ROST' and 'NAT', while higher density of T. ludeni was observed in the accession 'ROST'. Accession 'GSD1' was the most damaged by defoliator beetles. Aphids and mites preferred to feed on the abaxial face of apical leaves, while D. speciosa preferred the adaxial face of the medium third of the canopy. Trichomes (100 % non-glandular) did not affect the arthropods