Significant Motivating Factor Research Articles

Innovative design of sports and health complexes as a promotional factor of intensifying women’s physical activity

Background and purposeThe study purpose was to find out how the interior design of sports and health complexes affects the females’ motivation for physical activity. The authors proceeded from the initial hypothesis that a well-planned, modern-looking and attractive interior design of sports and health complexes can significantly affect the number of female visitors and their physical activity. Material and MethodsTo confirm the initial hypothesis, the authors used following research methods: comparison of modern interiors of sports and health complexes with the interiors of the Soviet period; interviewing employees of sports and health complexes; cluster analysis and survey of female visitors. To ensure the reliability of the survey results, the sample size was determined taking into account the general amount population of Ukraine, thus the sample size comprised 508 respondents from 5 Ukrainian cities – Vinnytsia (98), Lviv (115), Lutsk (102), Ternopil (88), Odesa (105).To confirm or refute the initial hypothesis the authors calculated the value of the criterion χ2 (Chi-square) using the standard program for processing scientific research results (SPSS) based on crosstabulations.ResultsIt has been found out that most of females consider the good planned interior design (aesthetic appeal and comfort) to be a determining factor in choosing a sports and health complex. The impact of this factor depends on the age – the older is a woman, the higher is the influence. The results’ correctness was confirmed based on the use of variance analysis method. With the help of the input data recodifications, the authors calculated the variances to determine the degree of frequency fluctuation for the questions related specifically to the sports and health complexes interiors design.ConclusionsAttractive modern design and comfortable conditions in sports and health complexes proved to be significant motivational factors in increasing the motor activity of the adult females. The authors came to the conclusion, that improving the aesthetic image of the sports and health facilities’ interior can motivate more women, especially older ones, to engage in physical activity. Thus, the issue of increase the Ukrainian females’ physical activity level depends greatly on productive cooperation between sports and health complexes management and professional designers.

KAKO PODRŽATI P2P POSLOVANJE U EKONOMIJI DIJELJENJA: RAZUMJETI GENERACIJSKE RAZLIKE U MOTIVACIJI KUPACA U POTICANJU POTRAŽNJE ZA NEISKORIŠTENOM IMOVINOM

This study explores the potential of generational segmentation as a strategy for enhancing the efficiency of peer-to-peer (P2P) platforms within the sharing economy. It focuses on how marketing messages can be tailored to stimulate demand across different generations (Generation X, Y, and Z) for idle assets within this economy. A mixed approach combining quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis was used. Data collection was conducted in two phases. The first phase, involved the collection of qualitative data. For this purpose, exploratory research using the focus group method was used. The second phase involved quantitative data collection using an online questionnaire. To obtain responses from respondents of different generations, snowball sampling was used. Descriptive statistics, Kruskal-Wallis test, PCA and Welch ANOVA were used for data analysis. This research identified two significant motivational factors (opportunistic/user and social) and discovered generational differences in these motivations. These findings suggest that P2P platforms can leverage generational segmentation to refine their marketing communications, thereby gaining a competitive advantage and supporting business growth. It delves into the implications of these results for customer acquisition and retention strategies within the sharing economy, offering insights that could bolster the performance of P2P businesses. By harnessing the power of generational segmentation, P2P platforms can enhance their marketing effectiveness, stimulate the growth of the sharing economy, and contribute to sustainability.

The Search for the Primitive Church and the End of the CMS Mission of Help to Travancore, ca. 1830-1840

This article demonstrates that the rhetoric of returning to the primitive church was a significant motivating factor in evangelical Protestant missions in the early nineteenth century. This language is apparent across denominational agencies and geographical locations. I will demonstrate that it was a particularly strong motivating factor in the Church Missionary Society’s ”Mission of Help” to the Syrian Christians of Travancore. Yet a combination of ecclesiastical and political factors served to thwart this mission endeavor and raises abiding questions regarding the usefulness of such language in mission motivation.

Has the Digital Economy Enhanced the Income Distribution Effect Among Industries? Evidence from China

A powerful correlation exists among the advancement of the economy of digital, sustainable economic advancement, and income distribution. The advancement of the digital economy provides a significant motivating factor for sustainable economic development, while sustainable economic development provides a strong guarantee for income distribution, and the improvement of income distribution is also conducive to sustainable economic development. What is the connection between the digital economy and income distribution? This is the focus of this paper and also an important way to clarify the association between the advancement of the digital economy, sustainable economic development, and income distribution. This paper aims to explore whether the advancement of the digital economy has enhanced the effect of income distribution among industries and examine the role of production efficiency and human capital. Through the use of the multidimensional fixed-effect model, this study finds that the development of the digital economy is favorable to enhancing the income distribution effect among industries, and this income distribution enhancement effect is more prominent in large-scale non-state-owned enterprises. In addition, we also find that digital transformation can dramatically improve the total factor productivity of enterprises, thus enhancing the income distribution impact among industries. The promotion of digital transformation can also improve the quality of human capital in enterprises, strengthen the income distribution impact between industries, and reduce the income disparity among industries. The industry income gap measurement method and the industry perspective of income distribution adopted in this paper contribute to the existing literature and will contribute to the development of income distribution equity in the era of the digital economy and also provide a new vision for sustainable economic development from the perspective of income distribution.

Attitudes and Motivation of Tourists Visiting Greece Toward the Mediterranean Diet

ABSTRACT Mediterranean Diet is globally recognized as a healthy eating model that relates to the cultural heritage of countries in the Mediterranean basin. The purpose of this study is to provide evidence of the relationship between attitudes, culinary motivation, and the intention to experience the Mediterranean Diet while visiting Greece. By implementing a quantitative, cross-sectional methodology, an online questionnaire was developed based on existing literature. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, inferential statistics, and regression analysis. To this end, data derived from a sample of 1,692 tourists revealed varying attitudes toward local food and gastronomy, along with heterogeneous culinary motives which influenced their intention to experience the Mediterranean Diet. Tourists who chose their destination based on food options and displayed a heightened interest and knowledge of food and gastronomy were more likely to experience the Mediterranean Diet during their stay. Health concerns and cultural experience emerged as the most significant motivational factors. Several actions are recommended to promote the Mediterranean Diet as a lever for culinary tourism.

Influence of Novel Al-Ni Electrodes on Roughness and Machining Time in Inconel 625 EDM Machining: A Comprehensive RSM Performance Analysis

In the context of Inconel 625 machining, this study explores the effects of novel Al-Ni nano electrodes on surface roughness and machining time. Thorough performance study was undertaken to clarify the complex connections between the machining settings, electrode composition, and final surface quality. Important insights were obtained via methodical experimentation and data analysis, which helps optimize the machining procedures for improved productivity and surface quality when milling Inconel 625. This research presents an experimental investigation of the effects of the Electric Discharge Machining (EDM) input parameters, namely current, pulse-on time, and pulse-off time, on the surface roughness and machining time output parameters. Inconel 625 was the material of choice for the work piece. Electric discharge machining oil was used as the dielectric fluid and aluminium nanocomposite as the tool electrode. Response surface methodology (RSM) approach was employed in the experimentation. ANOVA was used to optimize the parameters and obtain the lowest possible surface roughness (SR) and machining time. The findings show that pulse-off time is the most significant motivating factor for SR. The current is the main determining factor for machining time. The Central Composite Design approach was used for optimization.

상사는 부하의 피드백 추구행동을 어떻게 볼까?: 피드백 추구행동이 유능함 인식과 성과평가에 미치는 영향에서 주체 지향성의 조절역할

The answer to how a subordinate's feedback seeking behavior will be deemed by supervisor
 is a significant motivational factor that influence employees' feedback seeking. It is also
 essential for organizations to organize policies that encourage feedback seeking behavior.
 Based on the theories of similarity-attraction, social categorization, and social identity, this
 study argues whether supervisor's agentic orientation is high or low, feed seeking behavior
 will positively or negatively influence perception of subordinate's competence. Furthermore,
 this study suggests the interaction effect of feedback seeking behavior and agentic orientation
 will influence performance evaluation via perceived competence. To test the hypotheses,
 path analysis using Mplus 8 was conducted based on data from 210 pairs of supervisorsemployees
 in military settings. The result revealed that the relationship between feedback seeking
 behavior and perceived competence was moderated by agentic orientation. Specifically, when
 supervisors had high agentic orientation, there was a significant positive relationship between
 two variables. However, when supervisors had low agentic orientation, there was no significant
 relationship. Perceived competence mediated the interaction effect of feedback seeking behavior
 and agentic orientation. This study contributes to the literature by examining how feedback
 seeking behavior is interpreted from a supervisor's perspective, going beyond the traditional
 employee-focused perspective. Additionally, it offers practical implications for organizational
 managers in terms of human resource management.

ЦИФРОВІ БАЗИ ДАНИХ ДЛЯ ОСВІТИ І ПРО ОСВІТУ: ДОСВІД ДАНІЇ

The article analyzes the content and specifics of Denmark's open educational electronic databases with the aim of adapting the existing Danish experience to the processes of digitization of the educational sphere in Ukraine. It was noted that these processes cover the sphere of the state policy of digitization of the educational realm (organizational, methodical, management, monitoring, accumulative mechanisms), education management (data storage to reflect the history of changes, monitoring of existing services and education quality control systems, accumulation of statistical data and their prognostic analysis), methodical support of the process of forming the digital competence of the educational process’ subjects (building information profiles, developing digital didactic subsystems, increasing the level of competitiveness of educational institutions as providers), the scientific sphere (digitalization of the open scientific environment, building a space of academic integrity, cooperation between scientists and stakeholders). The common characteristics of the National Electronic Research and Information System URIS and the Danish educational database MED were analyzed. A vision model of the MED database (subjects of educational activity and the content of their activity) was built. The structure of monitoring the quality of education in Denmark, based on open electronic databases, is presented; it includes evaluation of the professional activity of teachers, compliance of educational programs with the social order, effectiveness of state/regional types of certification of graduates, standardization and unification of the evaluation system, mandatory regional analysis of statistical data. It was noted that the identified problems and shortcomings of computer testing of school graduates in the context of assessing the quality of their activities became a significant motivating factor for the creation of the MED database. The conclusion was formulated that the open electronic database makes it possible to build statistically substantiated correlations between the existing social characteristics of teachers and students of all levels and types of schools. The main advantages of the created open MED database were noted: compliance with the global requirements for the assessment of the "added value of the teacher", high frequency of data collection, prognostic nature of conclusions regarding the formation of the state's educational policy.

Farmers Preference and Utilization of Power Weeder

This study is dedicated to exploring farmers’ perceptions of power weeders, a contemporary agricultural tool widely employed in diverse farming operations. It delves into the factors influencing farmers’ preferences for these machines and the tangible benefits they derive from incorporating them into their agricultural practices. To comprehensively capture farmers’ perspectives, the research employs qualitative data collection methods, such as in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. Through these methods, the study aims to glean the subjective experiences and opinions of farmers, providing a rich and nuanced understanding of their attitudes towards power weeders. The collected data undergoes rigorous analysis utilizing diverse statistical tools, including simple percentage analysis, weighted average rank tests, and factor analysis. The findings of the study highlight several compelling reasons behind farmers’ inclination towards power weeders. Notably, the tool’s versatility emerges as a key factor, allowing it to be utilized across different crop types. Farmers express a strong preference for the ease of operation, low fuel consumption, and user-friendly features associated with power weeders. Additionally, government subsidies are identified as a significant motivating factor driving the widespread adoption of these tools among farmers. Moreover, the study sheds light on the array of benefits farmers experience through the utilization of power weeders. These advantages encompass the tool’s ease of manoeuvrability, its role as a versatile land transport mechanism, potential enhancements in overall productivity, and its suitability for a wide range of crops. In essence, the research provides a comprehensive exploration of farmers’ positive perceptions and the tangible advantages that drive their preference for integrating power weeders into modern agricultural practices.

Effective motivation, effective personnel management in rehabilitation centers of Kazakhstan

This article discusses effective personnel management in rehabilitation centers in Kazakhstan. In modern business, with its inherent volatile competitive environment, the implementation of effective activities is impossible without effective personnel management. As a result of sociological research, the degree of satisfaction with the incentive system for medical personnel of the Rehabilitation Center Kokshe was revealed. From these data it can be seen that for the employees of the rehabilitation center, the most significant motivational factors are economic methods, and among the preferred motivational methods are socio-psychological ones. To substantiate the importance of applying socio-psychological methods in the system of medical personnel management and the formation of a personnel management model, methodological approaches of classical theories of motivation were considered: a questionnaire according to A. Maslow's theory and F. Herzberg 's tests. The effectiveness of the organization's activities is determined by the ratio of the results achieved and the resources expended on this and is made up of the efficiency of using various factors, one of which is motivated work. The success of healthcare institutions, including rehabilitation centers, depends on the extent to which medical workers realize their professional potential. We have proposed a more advanced and effective management approach – the KPI method for motivating medical personnel in Kazakhstan, which allows us to organically combine material and non-material incentives with the motivational impact of all healthcare workers. The presented calculations showed that the introduction of personnel assessment according to the KPI system for all medical services will provide a multiplier effect and improve the competitiveness of rehabilitation centers and healthcare in general.

Gauging the Motivation Level of Health Personnel of a Tertiary Care Hospital in District Dehradun

Background- Healthcare providers serve as the backbone of the healthcare delivery system, and motivating them is crucial for its enhancement, which is often a challenging task. Understanding the motivational factors that keep employees engaged is a pressing concern for leaders and senior personnel. Aims & Objectives: This study aimed to assess the motivation levels of healthcare personnel working in a tertiary healthcare institution in Dehradun, Uttarakhand. It sought to explore the various factors influencing employee motivation in the healthcare sector. Methodology: A cross-sectional study involved 150 healthcare personnel, and data analysis was conducted using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software and Microsoft Excel. Frequency percentages and mean standard deviations were used for categorical and continuous data, respectively. The Chi-Square test and Fischer Exact test were employed to assess relationships between categorical variables. Results: Among the study groups, technicians displayed the highest motivation levels, while doctors exhibited lower motivational indices. Across doctors, nurses, and technicians, "rewards" ranked as the top motivating factor. Health personnel identified monetary support, incentives, promotion, resource improvement, appreciation, feedback, communication, job security, training, teamwork, and effective management as significant motivational factors. Conclusion: Satisfied healthcare workers not only inspire their colleagues but also foster a positive work environment, enhancing the overall functioning of the institution. Employee motivation directly impacts the performance of healthcare organizations. Recognizing non-financial motivators, such as appreciation, teamwork, professional growth, and training, alongside financial incentives, is essential to maintaining a motivated and efficient healthcare workforce.

Nepalese farmers’ perceptions of nitrogen inputs and attitudes to soil management: Implications for soil health and environmentally sustainable farming

Across Nepal, there is a decline in soil health. Thus, soils in Nepal requires effective management to ensure its sustainability. The success of these strategies is contingent upon understanding farmers' perceptions, opinions, and attitudes towards maintaining soil health. This paper investigates the current soil management practices, farmers' perceptions of soil nutrient use in relation to soil fertility, yield, and environmental impact, attitudes to soil management, and how these differ by personal and economic characteristics. The result is based on a survey of 300 Nepalese farmers. The findings are that there is a prevalence of practices such as puddling, deep tillage, and broadcasting without incorporation. Over 60% of farmers do not consciously consider the weather or environmental impact in soil management decisions. Financial returns are a significant motivating factor for changing current soil and crop management practices for many farmers. Further, the results highlight a perception amongst a larger proportion of farmers that compared to synthetic fertiliser; manure enhances soil fertility, increases crop yield, and does less harm to biodiversity. The potential for overuse and environmental pollution from misperception around manure are supported by the findings in this paper. The regression results indicate that farmers who perceive different nitrogen inputs as increasing yield, the quality of the harvest, or harming the soil, and those who manage their soil depending on the weather with considerations for the environment tend to use less nitrogen inputs. The paper highlights aspects of farming practices, opinions, and attitudes that can be improved to maintain healthy soils.

Motivational Factors of Generation Z for Attending the Conferences: Business or Pleasure – why not Bleasure?

Student conferences are a significant segment of student life, providing additional education and professional development. They contribute to the increasingly necessary networking, dissemination of ideas, knowledge, skills and competencies. An important consideration in organizing student conferences to attract participants is to explore participants’ motivations for attending conferences. As student conferences are becoming increasingly important, this paper explores Generation Z’s motives for attending student conferences. The aim of this paper is to investigate or determine Generation Z’s motives for attending student conferences. To this end, the following hypotheses indicate that destination and conference program represent significant motivational factors for Generation Z to attend student conferences. The research was conducted with Generation Z students in Croatia and surrounding countries, with a sample of 206 respondents. The research results confirm this, as Generation Z emphasizes the program and content of the conference as the most important motives for attending conferences (although the student conference program differs from the program of scientific and professional conferences), as well as the attractiveness of the destination. The specificity of this generation lies in the fact that they are technologically literate and strive for new experiences, for something they cannot find on YouTube. The contribution of this paper is that it helps conference organizers to adapt to Generation Z, as it offers them some new insights into Generation Z’s motivating factors for attending conferences.

Empirical research on business ethics of SMEs in the V4 countries

Abstract The aim of this study is to evaluate the level of select ethical issues in Visegrad Four (V4) countries (Czech republic, Slovakia, Poland, and Hungary) and quantify the differences in the attitudes of entrepreneurs in the field of business ethics in these countries. Empirical research was conducted in June 2022 in the V4 countries. Data collection was carried out by the renowned external company MNFORCE using "Computer Assisted Web Interviewing" (CAWI Research Method), according to the questionnaire created by the research team. The total number of respondents was 1,398, of which 347 were from the Czech Republic, 322 from Slovakia, 381 from Poland, and 348 from Hungary. Statistical hypotheses were verified using descriptive statistics, chi-square, and Z-scores at a α = 5% significance level. The preliminary results of this study can be evaluated as follows: The ethical level of entrepreneurs in V4 countries is high because the dominant group showed a positive attitude towards the defined issues in the field of business ethics. The attitudes of these entrepreneurs showed that they not only perceived the importance of business ethics, but also implemented and promoted these practices in managerial decision-making. Moreover, they feel good when they behave ethically, which is a significant motivating factor. In this study, it was found that Hungarian SMEs presented the highest level of business ethics. In contrast, the Czech Republic presented the lowest level of perception and enforcement of business ethics.

GROWTH MINDSET TEACHING MODEL IN PRIMARY YEARS PROGRAMME (PYP) CONTEXT FOR SUPPORTING SELF-DEVELOPMENT IN LEARNING LANGUAGE

Teaching growth mindset is considered as a significant motivational factor that positively affects language learners. Students who possess a growth mindset will be more minded to have mastery- oriented objectives which inspire them to persevere through adversity. As a result, language teachers who foster a growth attitude in the classroom can support students' language progress as well as academic success. The creation of a growth mindset teaching methodology to promote self-development in Thai language acquisition. The study attempts to address the research objectives as follows: 1) identify the characteristics of a growth mindset; and 2) develop a growth mindset teaching model for the PYP setting to encourage self-development in learning Thai. The initial stage of the investigation included content analysis by the researcher. The findings demonstrated the five main circumstances in which learners' mindsets significantly influence their ability to build a growth mindset. These findings were also used to design the pre-test, post-test, and satisfaction questionnaires for the research. The findings showed that students applied the five key areas where mindset makes a big difference were ranked highest to lowest mean scores such as making an effort, looking to others' success as putting in effort, having success of others as a role model, facing the challenge, overcoming an obstacle, and receiving criticism in improving and learning Thai language. According to the majority of students who responded to questionnaires, they now have more self-confidence to tackle problems like studying Thai and others. The results showed that using a growth mindset teaching approach for teaching Thai language can successfully leverage self-development for Thai language learners.

Cross-sectional determinants of lactose-free food awareness and purchase among adult consumers.

This research was conducted to evaluate the knowledge and purchasing behaviour of consumers regarding lactose-free foods. Study data were collected from 1882 individuals with the help of a questionnaire form. Attitudes towards animal welfare, healthy nutrition and gastrointestinal symptoms were also evaluated. The majority (86.6%) of the participants reported that they had heard of the concept of lactose-free foods before, but more than half (67.0%) did not report buying them because of their higher costs compared to regular products and lack of sufficient information. Not causing gas/bloating (32.5%) and being healthier (28.3%) were shown to be the most significant motivational factors in purchasing lactose-free foods (P < 0.05). The factors affecting purchase of lactose-free products were education, employment status, history of having a food intolerance test and animal welfare perception together with higher scores from the gastrointestinal symptom rating scale, and attitude scale for healthy nutrition (P < 0.05). Body mass index was not found to be an effective factor determining purchase intention. The results provide a general overview of consumers, however, further studies on other demographic groups are needed.

Online Patient Reviews of Breast Reconstruction: RealSelf Analysis.

The breast reconstruction category from RealSelf.com was analyzed using a web crawler-based application built from Python and Selenium. Reviews were collected from May 2009 to November 2021. Information including RealSelf's inherent "worth it" ranking system, review text, the number of submitted photographs, and the number of readers who found the review helpful was captured. The content of the review was then independently reviewed by the authors and was categorized with key factors that determined positive or negative reviews. A total of 3451 breast reconstruction reviews were collected. After the authors analyzed each review, 3225 (94.33%) were identified as positive reviews. The most common factors associated with positive reviews were physician demeanor (n = 2600, 31.7%), aesthetic outcome (n = 1955, 23.8%), or staff (n = 1543, 18.8%), while negative reviews were associated with unfavorable aesthetic outcome (n = 94, 28.9%), physician demeanor (n = 82, 25.2%), or postoperative complications (n = 75, 23.1%). Although there are surveys that analyze patient satisfaction for breast reconstruction, there has not been a study that analyzed a large online review database. Predominating factors in both positive and negative reviews were physician demeanor and aesthetic outcome.

Abstract 12717: Understanding and Addressing the Unique Challenges of Heart Failure Management in Older Adults

Introduction: The heart failure (HF) population is aging. As patients age, certain aspects of HF care become more and less challenging. The aim of this qualitative study is to understand which aspects of HF care are the most challenging for older adults and identify potential solutions and coping strategies. Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews with 41 patients ≥75 years old with HF. The oldest was 93 years old and the youngest was 75 with an average age of 82. Interviews were conducted in both the inpatient (n=23) and outpatient/clinic (n=18) settings. Patients were asked a series of 3 questions focused on care challenges, effective strategies and coping mechanisms. Interviews were recorded and transcribed. Recordings were listened to while reviewing the transcripts, then analyzed and coded for thematic analysis. Results: Older patients with HF identified: “salt/fluid restrictions,” “exercise limitations,” “medication compliance” and “transportation for visits” as key challenges of HF management. Effective strategies identified included: “family support,” “pill boxes and logbooks to help me remember” and “the socialization of cardiac rehab.” Successful coping strategies included: “family,” “religion” and “motivation to maintain independence.” Discussion: Older patients with HF face many of the same challenges as younger patients but also face additional hardships with transportation, cognitive limitations and social isolation ( Figure 1 ). These challenges are worse for older adults without family support. A desire to remain independent is a significant motivating factor for older adults with HF. Understanding these challenges and motivations can inform care plans better tailored to the care of older adults with HF.

The effect of orthodontic treatment on facial attractiveness: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Facial and smile attractiveness are significant motivating factor for patients to seek orthodontic treatment. Although there is a general belief that orthodontic treatment improves facial appearance, this has yet not been systematically evaluated. The objective of this study was to assess the current evidence on the effect of orthodontic treatment on facial attractiveness. Systematic and unrestricted search of nine databases were performed up to January 2022. Studies evaluating facial attractiveness before and after orthodontic treatment. Extracted data included study design and setting, sample size and demographics, malocclusion type, treatment modality, and method for outcome assessment. Risk of bias was assessed with the ROBINS-I tool for non-randomized studies and with RoB-2 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Random-effects meta-analyses of mean differences and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were performed. Twenty studies were included in data synthesis; three randomized controlled clinical trials and 17 non-randomized clinical studies of retrospective or prospective design. One of the RCTs was found to have low risk of bias, one presented some concerns and the third showed a high risk of bias. All non-randomized studies showed either unclear or high risk of bias. Data syntheses showed that orthodontic treatment improved facial attractiveness ratings by 9% when compared with untreated controls (MD: 9.05/95% CI: 4.71; 13.39). A combination of orthodontics and orthognathic surgery also showed a positive effect of 5.5% (MD: 5.51/95% CI: 1.55; 9.47) when compared with orthodontic treatment alone. There was no difference in effect between extraction and non-extraction treatments (MD: -0.89/ 95% CI: -8.72; 6.94) or between different types of Class II correctors (MD: 2.21/95% CI: -16.51; 20.93). With the exception of two RCTs, included studies were of unclear or low quality. Orthodontic treatment has a clinically weak effect on facial attractiveness when compared to no treatment. The same is true when a combined orthodontic/surgical treatment is compared to orthodontics alone. PROSPERO #: CRD42020169904.

Determinants of adaptability and its impact on the change readiness of civil servants

PurposeUnderpinned by Social Cognitive Theory (SCT), this study aimed to examine the mediating role of employees' adaptability in the relationship between the five managerial climate factors (i.e., trust, supportiveness, openness, clarity of goals and participative) and change readiness in public sector organisations.Design/methodology/approachAdopting the quantitative approach, data were collected from 379 administrative and diplomatic officers. Analysis was done using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM).FindingsThe results showed that trust and clarity of goals are significant motivational factors that accelerate employees' adaptability. Adaptability, in turn, was found to mediate the effect of trust and clarity of goals on employees' change readiness.Originality/valueThis study contributes to theory and practice by examining employees' adaptability as an intervening variable in the relationship between managerial climate factors and change readiness with specific reference to the public administration context.