Significant Moderating Effect Research Articles

Dynamics of inclusive entrepreneurial ecosystems and their effect on entrepreneurial intentions among transgenders: role of psychological capital and entrepreneurial education

Purpose Neglected communities, such as transgender individuals in developing nations like Pakistan, face substantial barriers to economic participation due to diverse economic and social conditions. This study aims to explore the role of inclusive entrepreneurial ecosystems in enhancing entrepreneurial intentions among these communities, emphasizing the mediating role of psychological capital and the moderating effect of entrepreneurial education. Design/methodology/approach Using social cognitive theory and the theory of planned behavior, the research adopts a questionnaire survey methodology with a sample size of 308 to gather data from transgender individuals engaged in or interested in entrepreneurship. The analysis was conducted using AMOS and SPSS software. Findings The results show that inclusive entrepreneurial ecosystems directly enhance psychological capital but do not significantly affect entrepreneurial intentions unless psychological capital acts as a mediator. Entrepreneurial education does not illustrate a significant moderating effect on the connection between inclusive entrepreneurial ecosystems and entrepreneurial intentions. Originality/value These findings highlight the significance of psychological resources in transforming environmental supports into entrepreneurial action, proposing significant insights for policymakers and educators to foster more inclusive entrepreneurial ecosystems aligned with sustainable development goals. This study contributes to the discussion on entrepreneurship among underserved populations and demonstrates the vital role of personalized educational and environmental supports in developing economic participation.

Mental health and social trust: Age and religiosity as moderators among young people in Croatia and Slovenia

This study explored the moderating effects of age and religiosity on the relationship between social trust and mental health among young people aged 16–29 in Croatia (N = 1,177) and Slovenia (N = 1,227). Mental health was evaluated using two distinct measures: the Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT) and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-9). Social trust was assessed as trust in close family members and generalised trust. Religiosity was measured by religious service attendance, the importance of God in daily life, and support received from religious organisations. The findings indicate that age moderates the relationship between trust in close family members and BAT in both countries, and the relationship between trust in close family and DASS in Croatia. In terms of religiosity, all three dimensions significantly moderated the relationship between generalised trust and DASS in Croatia, while only one of them did so when BAT was used as the dependent variable. No significant moderation effects of religiosity were found in Slovenia. In summary, the results suggest that the negative psychological impact of low social trust can be mitigated through various mechanisms. The moderating effect of age implies that psychosocial maturation during adolescence may buffer the impact of low trust in close family on mental health. Religiosity, on the other hand, may act as an emotional substitute for generalised trust, especially in highly religious contexts. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of the chosen mental health indicator, as moderating effects varied depending on whether BAT or DASS-9 was applied.

Project Management Green Commitment in PMI, Saudi Arabia: How Green Intellectual Capital, Green HRM, Green Training and Innovativeness Influence Project Performance

The study examined the influence of top management green commitment (TMGC) on green intellectual capital (GIC) and its subsequent impact on green human resource management (GHRM) and project performance. Additionally, the study explored the moderating effects of green innovativeness and green training on project management performance within the Saudi Project Management Institute (PMI). Utilizing a cross-sectional design, data were collected from 478 project managers through structured survey questionnaires. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to analyze the relationships among the variables. The results demonstrated a significant positive impact of top management's green commitment to green intellectual capital, which positively influenced green human resource management and project performance. Green innovativeness was identified as the most influential moderator, highlighting its critical role in enhancing project performance. However, the interaction between green innovativeness and green human resource management revealed a negative yet significant moderating effect, suggesting potential complexities in aligning innovation with HR strategies. The research emphasizes the essential role of green practices in improving project management performance, offering novel insights within the Saudi context. These findings address a gap in the existing literature and advocate for the wider adoption and refinement of green strategies in project management practices.

Enhancing Patient Management Effectiveness: The Roles of Transformational Leadership, Safety Culture, Employee Satisfaction, and Service Digitalization in the Digital Healthcare Era

The effectiveness of patient management in hospitals is influenced by transformational leadership, patient safety culture, and employee satisfaction. In the digital era, technology plays a crucial role in improving managerial efficiency. This study examines the relationship between these factors and patient management effectiveness, with service digitalization as a moderating variable. This study aims to analyze the influence of transformational leadership, patient safety culture, and employee satisfaction on patient management effectiveness while exploring the role of service digitalization as a moderator. An explanatory approach with a quantitative research design was used. Data were collected through a Likert-scale questionnaire from 207 employees of Dian Husada Hospital Mojokerto and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings show that employee satisfaction positively affects patient management effectiveness, while patient safety culture has a negative influence. Transformational leadership positively impacts employee satisfaction but does not directly affect patient management effectiveness. Meanwhile, service digitalization does not show a significant moderating effect. These results suggest that hospitals should focus on improving employee satisfaction and managing safety culture effectively. Strengthening transformational leadership is essential to creating a supportive work environment, while optimizing service digitalization can enhance employee performance. This study fills a gap in the literature on factors influencing patient management effectiveness and the role of digitalization in hospital settings. However, its cross-sectional design and limited hospital sample restrict generalizability. Future studies should use longitudinal approaches with broader samples for better external validity.

The Influence of Self‐Efficacy, Trust, Perceived Costs and Healthcare‐Environment on Compliance With the Data Protection and Privacy Act by Health Workers in Uganda

ABSTRACTDespite existing regulations, compliance with Uganda's Data Protection and Privacy Act (DPPA) remains challenging, as studies focus only on technical and organizational aspects, neglecting behavioral and contextual factors. Furthermore, the limited number of health workers, low awareness of the DPPA, high costs of compliance, and a lack of trust within hospitals exacerbate these challenges. This study investigates the influence of self‐efficacy, trust, perceived costs, and the healthcare‐environment on DPPA compliance among healthcare workers in Uganda. It also explores the moderating effects of gender and work experience on the relationship between self‐efficacy and compliance. Using quantitative methods, data were collected from 309 healthcare workers across three hospitals through a self‐administered questionnaire. Regression analysis revealed that perceived costs (β = 0.240, p < 0.0001) were the strongest predictor of compliance, followed by trust (β = 0.193, p < 0.0001), healthcare environment (β = 0.178, p < 0.0001) and self‐efficacy (β = 0.121, p = 0.022) was positively associated with compliance. Gender (β = 0.119, p = 0.024) significantly moderated the self‐efficacy‐compliance relationship, with women exhibiting higher adherence to protocols, while work experience did not exhibit a significant moderating effect. The findings suggest that healthcare institutions in Uganda should invest in gender‐specific training programs to enhance self‐efficacy, build organizational trust, and reduce perceived compliance costs. Establishing supportive healthcare environments with clear policies and dedicated privacy officers is critical for promoting DPPA compliance. This study is among the first quantitative and empirical study to assess self‐efficacy, trust, costs of compliance and healthcare‐environment on DPPA compliance in Ugandan health context using social cognitive theory, theory of planned behavior, rational choice theory and institutional theory, a multi‐theoretical approach offering valuable insights for healthcare policy and management in resource‐constrained settings.

Development of Relationship Model Between the Understanding of the Nature of Physics and Students’ Preference of Physics in Oman

The purpose of this study was to develop the relationship model between understanding the nature of physics (NOP), and students' preference of physics (SPP) in the Sultanate of Oman. The study also aimed to determine if Achievement motivation (Am) mediates the relationship between Independent Variables (understanding of the nature of physics (NOP), and students' preference of physics (SPP). A total of 523 teachers from both genders have been selected as a sample for this study using a random stratified technique from all governorates of the Sultanate of Oman. The study instrument was adapted from literature reviews related to this study. A single questionnaire was used to collect data consisting of the study variables (NOP, SPP, and Am). The gathered data was analyzed by using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The findings revealed that significant relationships existed between the NOP, and SPP. Meanwhile, the gender and specialization of respondents were found to have a significant moderating effect on the relationship between NOP and SPP. In contrast, the teaching experience was found not to have a significant moderating effect on the relationship between NOP and SPP. The relationship between NOP and SPP was successfully modeled and represented as The Relationship Model of Nature of Physics, and Students' Preference of Physics in Physics Education. The Model provides significant and valuable contributions to theoretical, methodological, educational practice, and knowledge in the field of physics education research in the Sultanate of Oman. The implications of this study suggest that the model can be used to determine the quality of understanding the nature of physics based on the teachers' achievement motivation in the students' preference of physics.

Unveiling the Role of Emotional Intelligence in the Relationship between Work-Life Balance and Performance. Insights from SMEs’ Smart Workers

The rise of smartworking has profoundly reshaped employees’ workflows by delineating the opportunity for a better work-life balance. Nevertheless, scholars underlined the risk for remote workers to experience stress and burnout due to the blurring of boundaries between work and personal life. In this context, relying on a manager able to understand and motivate is relevant for enhancing employees’ individual performance and contributing to a business’ survival. This is particularly crucial in small and medium-sized firms (SMEs), where employees’ performance can significantly impact business stability. Therefore, this study explores the role of emotional intelligence in SMEs by investigating its moderating effect between work-life balance and individual performance. A quantitative methodology was adopted, and a Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling was performed. A convenience sampling together with a snowball sampling technique was employed to collect data among employees. A total of 114 valid surveys from Italian SMEs were collected through an online questionnaire. The results confirm that smartworking affects work-life balance and work-life balance positively impacts individual performance. More interestingly, it emerges a positive and significant moderating effect of emotional intelligent leadership. This can open up to the valorization of emotional intelligence within firms as a strategic skill, both in public and private organizations, for handling employees’ emotions, thereby fostering their individual performance.

Intergenerational impacts of racial discrimination on child executive functioning problems.

The proposed study sought to investigate whether maternal experiences of racial discrimination and gendered racial stress are associated with offspring executive functioning. Total 266 Black mother-child pairs in the United States were assessed from pregnancy through child age of 4 years. We hypothesized that children whose mothers reported higher rates of perceived gendered racial stress during pregnancy and racial discrimination throughout their lifetime would have lower scores on executive functioning assessments. Furthermore, we hypothesized that low maternal education and income would act as risk moderators whereas social support would act as a protective moderator in the associations between maternal experiences of discrimination (EOD) and child executive functioning. Main effect findings support our hypothesis of an intergenerational association between maternal EOD and gendered racial stress and lower child executive functioning scores. Income was a significant moderator. As hypothesized, the association between mothers reports of lifetime discrimination and lower child executive functioning scores was stronger at lower levels of income. In contrast, however, the association between maternal prenatal reports of gendered racial stress and lower child executive functioning scores was stronger at higher levels of maternal education and income. Social support did not have a significant moderating effect on any of the association.

Disentangling the effects of nonrenewable energy consumption on CO2 emissions in Canada: The moderating role of construction and manufacturing

The role of industrial sectors, including construction (CONS) and manufacturing (MFG), in mitigating carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions is often overlooked. The response of these indicators in environmental sustainability is gaining critical attention among scholars and policymakers. Therefore, this research aims to address this issue by investigating the impact of nonrenewable energy consumption (NREC) under the moderating effects of CONS and MFG on Canada's CO2 emissions from 1980 to 2021, utilizing both traditional autoregressive distributed lags (ARDLs) and dynamic ARDL simulation methods. The findings reveal that NREC, CONS, and economic growth (GDP) are significant drivers of emissions in both the short and long run. Meanwhile, MFG reduces emissions in the long run with no significant short-run impact. Further analysis using Generalized Kernel-based regularized least squares (gKRLS) and frequency domain causality (FDC) tests confirmed these results. Moreover, examining the moderating role of CONS and MFG exhibits significant long-run positive moderating effects on the NREC-CO2 relationship, with MFG having a more substantial impact than CONS. However, both sectors show insignificant adverse moderating effects in the short run. Robustness analysis using quantile regression (QREG) and simultaneous quantile regression (SQREG) demonstrates that GDP and MFG consistently mitigate CO2 emissions across all quantiles, with stronger effects at higher emissions levels. These results underscore the importance of targeted renewable energy policies that balance economic growth with environmental sustainability.

The Effect of ESG Ratings Information on Share Prices

With various encouragement from the world community since the Paris Agreement, companies continue to be encouraged to implement sustainable activities. For this reason, the government through the Financial Services Authority has required public companies to report sustainability activities, also known as ESG (Environment, Social and Governance). The latest development is that public companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) are also being assessed regarding ESG activities, which is being carried out by an independent party, namely Morningstar Sustainalitycs. The assessment submitted to the public is related to the score or value of the ESG activities carried out by the company, including whether there is a decrease or increase in value from the previous assessment. This research aims to see whether ESG value information also influences investors' assessments of companies, which is proxied by the company's share price. This research was concluded that there was an influence of information on the decline of ESG risk value provided by the IDX on company share prices using the linear regression statistical method. However the information regarding the ESG Risk clasiffication did not have significant moderating effect on the share price. It is hoped that the implications of this research will increase investor awareness of ESG activities, which will ultimately encourage companies to implement ESG activities seriously.

Exploring Motor–Cognitive Interference Effects and the Influence of Self-Reported Physical Activity on Dual-Task Walking in Parkinson’s Disease and Healthy Older Adults

Introduction: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by motor and cognitive impairments that often manifest as distinct motor subtypes: Postural Instability Gait Difficulty (PIGD) and Tremor-Dominant (TD). Motor–cognitive interference, especially under dual-task (DT) walking conditions, may vary by subtype, providing insights into specific impairments. This study explored DT interference effects in PD subtypes, focusing on the potential impact of self-reported physical activity, which may help mitigate subtype-specific impairments and improve motor–cognitive function. Methods: PD patients classified as PIGD or TD and healthy controls completed single-task (ST) and DT walking assessments involving different cognitive tasks (Serial Subtraction, Auditory Stroop, and Clock Task). Physical activity levels were evaluated using the CHAMPS questionnaire, analyzing the self-reported frequency and duration of weekly exercise-related activities. Results: Interference effects were significantly different between PD patients and controls, with the PIGD group showing greater motor impairment under high cognitive load, primarily affecting gait, than the TD and control groups. Performance differences between groups diminished as cognitive load increased. Self-reported physical activity does not significantly moderate motor performance under DT conditions, suggesting that activity levels in this sample are insufficient to offset motor–cognitive interference. However, like group affiliation, physical activity directly influences motor performance during DT conditions, indicating that both factors independently impact motor–cognitive function in PD. Discussion: These findings suggest that DT assessments help differentiate PD motor subtypes, as group differences were minimal in ST conditions. While physical activity is associated with general improvements in motor ST and DT performance in PD and controls, the lack of a significant moderating effect from self-reported exercise-related physical activity indicates that current activity levels may not be high enough to counter motor–cognitive interference. More intensive or DT-specific exercise may be required to reduce interference effects. Future research should examine the role of structured physical activity programs, potentially incorporating DT training, to evaluate their impact on motor–cognitive interference in PD.

How SMEs’ supply chain specific investment impacts supply chain financing performance: insights from signaling theory

Purpose This study aims to investigate how small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs’) supply chain specific investment (SCSIs) affects supply chain financing performance (SCFP) in the innovative industrial finance model, and further analyze the internal mechanisms and important contextual factors. Design/methodology/approach Based on signaling theory, this study constructs a mediating and moderating model to examine the influencing mechanisms of SMEs’ SCSIs on SCFP, including the mediating effect of opportunism and the moderating effect of digital technology deployment (DTD). A multiple regression analysis is conducted to verify the theoretical hypotheses, using questionnaire data collected from 288 SMEs in China. Findings The empirical findings indicate that both SMEs’ supply chain asset-specific and relationship-specific investments can significantly promote SCFP. Also, SMEs’ SCSIs can improve SCFP by reducing the occurrence of opportunism perceived by supply chain partners. The breadth of DTD positively moderates the relationship between the two types of SCSIs and SCFP, while the depth of DTD has no significant moderating effect on the relationship between SCSIs and SCFP. Originality/value This study has discussed the important and novel issue of how financially distressed SMEs can send effective signals to financial institutions by increasing their SCSIs in supply chain finance mode. By revealing the influencing mechanisms of SMEs’ SCSIs on SCFP, this study contributes to expanding the research on the antecedents of SCFP from the dimension of interorganizational transactions. This study also enriches the perspectives of signaling theory by exploring the interaction between signal sender and signal intermediary.

Corporate social responsibility and the financial performance of global banks: the moderating role of corporate tax

ABSTRACT This study examines the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure and the financial performance of global banks. This study investigates the moderating role of corporate tax on the nexus between CSR and the financial performance of banks. The sample consists of 233 banks available at Refinitiv Eikon database, and the sample period is between 2013 and 2018. This study tests the hypothesis using the year fixed-effect panel regression model. The findings show that CSR disclosures significantly and positively impact financial performance. Social and governance disclosure poses a positive relation. However, environmental disclosure shows a negative impact. Moreover, this study finds a significant and positive moderating effect of corporate tax between CSR and banks' performance. This study presents valuable insight into stakeholders about banks' CSR disclosure and the country's taxation benefits. Besides, the findings will be helpful for the regulators in implementing the CSR policy and making strategic decisions.

LONELINESS AND IMPROVISATIONAL BEHAVIOR OF HOTEL EMPLOYEES IN CHINA: THE ROLE OF WORK ENGAGEMENT AND INCLUSIVE LEADERSHIP

Negative emotional reactions have a significant negative effect on hotel employee performance, and negative emotional reactions are associated with employee improvisation. Therefore, the relationship between workplace loneliness and improvisational behavior among Chinese hotel employees was investigated, as well as the mediating and moderating effects of work engagement and inclusive leadership on the relationship between workplace loneliness and improvisational behavior. In this study, data were collected from 10 hotels in Yunnan Province, China, through electronic questionnaire channels using a convenience sampling method, and 514 questionnaires were returned (95.89 % validity rate). The results showed that workplace loneliness and improvisational behaviors among Chinese hotel employees were significantly negative. Work engagement had a mediating effect between workplace loneliness and improvisational behaviors. Inclusive leadership had a significant positive moderating effect between workplace loneliness and improvisational behaviors. Inclusive leadership had a significant positive moderating effect between workplace loneliness and work engagement, and inclusive leadership had a significant positive moderating effect.

The relationship between nightmares and depression in adolescents: the effect of age and anxiety.

Nightmares and depression are prevalent issues among adolescents. This study explores the relationship between nightmares and depression, focusing on the mediating role of anxiety and the moderating effect of age. A total of 210 adolescents aged 13 to 24 were surveyed using the Nightmare Distress Questionnaire (NDQ-CV), Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). They also underwent niacin skin flushing response (NSFR) testing to explore physiological correlations. A moderated mediation model was applied to assess the relationships between nightmares, anxiety, and depression. Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between nightmares and NSFR. Nightmares did not directly lead to depression, but anxiety served as a full mediator in this relationship. Age had no significant moderating effect. Additionally, a significant negative correlation between nightmares and NSFR was observed. Nightmares contribute to anxiety, which can lead to depression in adolescents, suggesting that clinicians can identify and intervene with nightmares in adolescents to minimize the onset of psychological disorders. The study also highlights a possible connection between nightmares and NSFR, suggesting further research is needed to understand the physiological mechanisms.

Exploring the Devastating Impact of Workplace Bullying on Employee Morale and Efficiency

This research investigates the effect of workplace bullying on organizational pride and productivity in the higher education sector in Pakistan. The aim of this paper is to uncover the significant moderating effects of workplace bullying on employees’ morale and productivity among the Pakistani employees in the higher education institution of Punjab. Based on a sample of 450 workers, the study uses standardized questionnaires to assess the relationship between bullying behaviors; professional undermining; social exclusion; and overwork on one hand and the level of psychological/physiological stress on the other, with the support of a five point Likert scale. The study reveals a clear and strong positive correlation between workplace bullying and stress which indeed influences negative behavior among employees such as job satisfaction and commitment and productivity levels. Lastly, structural equation modeling (SEM) confirms or supports the proposed relationships, with a focus on an organizational, social and personal perspective to bullying. In the closing, the researcher emphasizes the urgency for organizations to establish preventive measures against Workplace bullying, besides effectively managing stress in an effort to enrich Organizational health and productivity.

The relationship between health literacy and general well-being: mediating roles of importance of health and self-awareness and moderating role of health status in Turkish adults

ABSTRACT Objective While health literacy is known to impact general well-being positively, the underlying mechanisms of this relationship are not fully understood. The current study examined the associations between health literacy and general well-being in adults, focusing on the mediating roles of the perceived importance of health and self-awareness behaviours and the moderating influence of health status. Method This study collected data via an online survey from a total of 2,101 Turkish-speaking adults, 1,482 females (70.5%) and 619 males (29.95%), aged between 17 and 60, with a mean age of 25.58 (SD = 9.66). Data collection was conducted during January and February 2023. Participants completed self-reported measures assessing health literacy, the importance of health, self-awareness, well-being, and health status. Results Mediation analysis indicated that health literacy is linked to general well-being through the importance of health [effect = 0.13, 95% [0.05, 0.11]) and self-awareness [effect = 0.06, 95% [0.05, 0.11]). Moderation analysis revealed a significant moderating effect of health status on the relationship between self-awareness and general well-being, with a significant relationship only evident among those reporting good health (B = 0.051, p < 0.05). Conclusions Enhancing health literacy is essential for improving general well-being by promoting individuals’ understanding of health and fostering self-awareness. Understanding how health literacy and changes in health status impact well-being can inform the development of targeted interventions aimed at promoting both well-being and health outcomes.

Examining Spiritual Well-Being as a Protective Factor Against Suicidality in Black Women Dealing with Everyday Discrimination

Research has shown that experiences of systemic oppression, racism, and discrimination are associated with increased psychological distress among Black women and that this might present as thoughts of suicide and suicidal behavior. The current study aims to contribute to the growing literature on suicidality among Black women by examining spiritual well-being as a protective factor that moderates the relationship between everyday discrimination and suicidality. A moderation analysis indicated a significant moderation effect of spiritual well-being on the relationship between everyday discrimination and suicidality in Black women, indicating that at high levels of spiritual well-being, the relationship between everyday discrimination and suicidality becomes weak. The current study aims to provide clinical implications relevant to culturally specific intervention plans for suicide risk among clients who are Black women.

Momentary physical activity, subjective age, and the moderating role of pain

Subjective age, that is felt age compared to chronological age, is an important predictor of health and well-being in later life. It can fluctuate from day to day and from one moment to another. Previous cross-sectional and macro-longitudinal studies have shown that feeling younger is related to physical fitness and exercise. Yet, there is limited knowledge on the effects of physical activity on subjective age in daily life and moderators of this association. We thus aim to investigate the association of momentary physical activity with momentary subjective age, expecting that more activity is related to feeling younger. We further expect that concurrent pain experience attenuates this relationship. N = 54 participants aged 50–62 years (Mage = 56.1 years, 75% female) wore chest-sensors measuring their physical activity (step count, movement acceleration) for one week and reported on their subjective age five times per day. Multilevel regression analyses revealed between and within-person variation in momentary subjective age (ICC = 0.74), pain (ICC = 0.63) and physical activity (ICC Moac30 = 0.078, steps30 = 0.053). Pain emerged as a consistent predictor of momentary subjective age (b = 4.64, p = 0.000), whereas results were mixed for the physical activity measures. No significant moderating effect of pain was observed on the relationship between physical activity and subjective age. Our study shows the importance of pain experiences for momentary subjective age, whereas the role of momentary physical activity needs further exploration.

Connecting Language Abilities and Social Competence in Children: A Meta-Analytic Review.

Research examining relations between language skills and social competence has yielded mixed findings. Three meta-analyses investigated links between language skills (overall, receptive, and expressive) and social competence in 2- to 12-year-old children. Data from 130 studies representing 62,120 children (M age at language assessment = 4.70 years; 52% male), predominantly from North America and Europe, and identifying as White (33%), Black (17%), Hispanic (14%), Asian (2%), Mixed (4%), Indigenous (1%), and Other/Unspecified (29%) were analyzed. Analyses indicated significant medium-sized associations between social competence and: overall language (r = 0.27), receptive language (r = 0.23), and expressive language (r = 0.20). Exploratory analyses indicated significant moderating effects of study design, publication status, social type, and geographic region. Results and implications are discussed.