Significant Linear Trend Research Articles

Changes in the soil and vegetation cover of the Kochubey biosphere station under global warming in recent years

Objectives: The study and long-term observations of changes in the spatial structure of vegetation cover of pasture landscapes of the Kochubey Biosphere Station (KBS) due to global climate warming. Arid pasture landscapes, due to the peculiarities of their spatial structure (the presence of semi-desert vegetation groupings) are a good indicator of modern climatic changes. To achieve this goal, the spatial structure and the current state of the arid landscapes of the Northwestern Caspian Sea in the territory of the KBS have been studied. The analysis of the biological diversity of species was carried out. Also the characteristics of the common features of seasonal dynamics of landscapes were studied. Moreover, trends of climatic changes in the landscape structure of the territory and trends in anthropogenic transformation of arid landscapes of the region were identified. It has been revealed that the main reasons for the reduction of biodiversity are habitat fragmentation, the introduction of alien species, the settlement of native species outside the range, ecotonization and “islandization” of pasture ecosystems, and the displacement of range boundaries. Since the goal of preserving the components of vegetation biodiversity is to reduce the pressures caused by climate change, adaptation measures should be aimed at reducing the rate of fragmentation and degradation of pasture landscapes. Monitoring observations have shown that over the last 20-century period there have been rhythmically repeating changes in climate and soil and vegetation cover, which indicates high mobility of vegetation. It has been established that the contribution of anthropogenic land degradation to desertification is confirmed by a significant linear trend in interannual fluctuations in indicators of pasture digression in the region. It has been established that the contribution of anthropogenic land degradation to desertification is confirmed by a significant linear trend in interannual fluctuations in indicators of pasture digression in the region. Due to excessive pasture digression, “islands” of anthropogenic desertification are formed here, the lifespan of which is determined by human influence and precipitation fluctuations.

Trends in Toddler Diet Quality in the United States: 1999 to 2018.

Diet quality has improved over time for US adults and youth aged ≥2 years. Trends over time and disparities in the diet quality of toddlers 12 through 23 months old have not been documented. Our objective was to investigate the direction and magnitude of toddler diet quality trends from 1999 to 2018 overall and by household socioeconomic status. This serial cross-sectional analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data was performed with 2541 toddlers from 10 NHANES cycles from 1999 to 2018. Dietary intake was measured by NHANES study staff using proxy-reported 24-hour recalls. Healthy Eating Index-Toddlers-2020 total scores (0-100 points, higher scores indicate healthier diets) and component scores were calculated from the 24-hour dietary recalls using the population ratio method. Multivariable linear regression was used to evaluate the association between time in years (measured as the midpoint of each NHANES cycle) and diet quality. Toddler diet quality improved significantly from 1999 to 2018 (P < .001), from 63.7 points on average in 1999-2000 to 67.7 points in 2017-2018. A significant positive linear trend in total diet quality was observed for all socioeconomic status groups (P < .05). Several dietary component scores improved, as follows: Whole Fruits (P < .001), Whole Grains (P = .016), Fatty Acids (P = .002), Refined Grains (P = .009), and Added Sugars (P < .001). Scores did not significantly change for Total Fruit, Total Vegetables, Greens and Beans, Dairy, Total Protein Foods, Seafood and Plant Proteins, Sodium, or Saturated Fats. From 1999 to 2018, toddler diet quality improved significantly, but mean scores still fell short of dietary guidance.

Exploring the correlation between tree structure characteristics and carbon storage in historic gardens using TLS technology: a case study of Jian Xin Pavilions at Jingyi Park, Fragrant Hills Park

Historic gardens contain a greater number and variety of ancient trees, which are older, have unique forms, and larger volumes. These trees hold significant value in both natural ecosystems and cultural heritage. However, current research on the carbon sequestration value of ancient and non-ancient trees in historical gardens is relatively lacking. Based on the unique morphology and carbon storage estimation needs of ancient trees in historic gardens, this paper proposes a morphology-based point cloud single-tree segmentation method. This method can precisely extract the morphological structures of various tree species and accurately estimate their carbon storage. From the perspective of carbon sequestration, it evaluates the correlation between the structural characteristics and carbon storage of trees in historic gardens, as well as the potential changes in their carbon storage capacity.Using the Jing Yi Park’s Jian Xin Pavilions in Fragrant Hills Park as a case study, this method was applied to extract structural indicators of 116 ancient and non-ancient trees. The total carbon storage was found to be 19,171.13 kg, with an average carbon storage of 165.27 kg per tree. Among these, ancient trees accounted for 13,178.32 kg, or 68.74% of the total carbon storage. The study revealed that the correlation between tree age and carbon storage varied by species, and there were significant positive correlations between carbon storage and tree height, DBH, and canopy volume. Notably, there was a significant linear growth trend between DBH, canopy volume, and carbon storage. By 2030, the total carbon storage is projected to increase to 21,924.96 kg, with an annual average increase of 393.40 kg, representing a growth rate of 14.4%.The results indicate that studying the correlation between structural characteristics and carbon storage of aged trees in historical gardens can shed light on the important role of trees in sustainable carbon sequestration. The precise extraction of tree information through 3D digital technology and the prediction of carbon storage potential not only offer new perspectives for the conservation of cultural heritage in historical gardens, urban microclimate planning and design, and spatial management of carbon sinks and emissions but also have significant value for promoting the scientific management and protection of urban green spaces.

The impact of glycine and glutamate, as components of glutathione precursors, on the productivity, digestive performanceand blood profile of weaning pigs.

The impact of glycine and glutamate, as components of glutathione (GSH) precursors, was studied as a factor in determining the growth rate of weaning pigs, their digestion of nutrient supplementsand their blood concentration levels. There were 180 crossbred weaning pigs with an average body weight (BW) of 7.94 ± 1.53 kg (five pigs per pen [two barrows and three gilts]; nine pens per treatment) that were randomly assigned to one of four diets. We used a basal diet as the control, TRT1 as the treatment with 0.10% precursor of GSH, TRT2 as the treatment with 0.20% precursor of GSHand TRT3 as the treatment with 0.30% precursor of GSH. The BW of weaning pigs exhibited a linear increase on days 7 (p < 0.001), 21 (p < 0.001)and 42 (p < 0.009) following the supplementation with the GSH precursor. Supplementation with GSH precursor led to a consistent and gradual increase in average daily gain (ADG) on days 8-21, 22-42and overall, as indicated by a significant linear trend (p < 0.05). G: Fwas linearly increased (p < 0.05) on days 22-42and overallwith the increment in the precursor of GSH supplementation. However, GSH precursor supplementation did not have any impact on nutrient digestibility and blood profile in the treatment group. In summary, the administration of GSH precursor improved BW, ADGand G: F ratiowhile not affecting nutrient digestibility or blood profile.

A Comparison of Pediatric Prehospital Opioid Encounters and Social Vulnerability

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVES This study explores the relationship between socioeconomic factors and pediatric opioid-related emergencies requiring naloxone administration in the prehospital setting, an escalating public health concern. METHODS A retrospective analysis of the National Emergency Medical Services Information System (NEMSIS) database was conducted, examining data from pediatric opioid-related EMS activations between January 2018 and December 2021. The Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) was used to gauge each incident's socioeconomic context and assess correlations between SVI scores and the likelihood of opioid-related activations and naloxone interventions. RESULTS A total of 7,789 pediatric opiate-related EMS activations were identified. Lower socioeconomic status (SES) areas (higher SVI scores) exhibited a decreased rate of opioid-related activations compared to lower SVI-scored areas but an increased frequency of naloxone administration. The analysis demonstrated that as socioeconomic status (SES) improves, the likelihood of opioid-related activations increases significantly supported by a significant negative linear trend (Estimate = -0.2971, SE = 0.1172, z = -2.54, p = 0.0112. On the other hand, naloxone administration was more frequently required in lower SES areas, suggesting an increased emergency response in these (Estimate = 0.05806, SE = 0.2403, z = 0.24, p = 0.8091). CONCLUSIONS The analysis highlights a statistically significant correlation between the SES of an area and pediatric opioid-related EMS activations, yet an inverse correlation with the likelihood of naloxone administration. These findings demonstrate that in lower socioeconomic areas, the total number of opiate-related EMS activations is lower; however, naloxone was more likely to be deployed during those activations. This underscores the need for further research to understand the disparities in opioid crisis management across different socioeconomic landscapes.

Epidemiology of recurrent myocardial infarction in the reperfusion era

Abstract Introduction During the past decades, the incidence, management, and outcomes of myocardial infarction (MI) have improved considerably.(1-4) However, the characteristics and outcomes of patients who experience a recurrent MI are sparsely described. Purpose This study aimed to analyse the epidemiology and temporal trends of recurrent MI during the reperfusion era. Methods A nationwide registry-based cohort study was conducted, including all hospital admissions for recurrent MI in Denmark during 2000 to 2020. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse changes in patient characteristics and management. Survival analyses, taking competing risks into account when relevant, and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for sex, age, comorbidities, and pre-recurrent MI pharmaceutical treatment were used to analyse the outcomes of interest: all-cause mortality, hospitalisation for heart failure (HHF), and additional recurrent MI. Results A total of n=55,722 admissions for recurrent MI between 2000 and 2020 were included. Median age at admission was 73 years, 68.0% were male, and 32.9% were patients with a 3rd or more recurrent MI. Between 2000-02 (n=9,490) and 2018-20 (n=5,520), patients admitted with a recurrent MI had an increased prevalence of comorbidities such as diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and cancer (Condensed Table 1). Likewise, the use of guideline directed management at the time of recurrent MI increased during the study period: percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) from 12.8% to 47.2%, coronary angiography (CAG) from 21.8% to 68.0%, statins from 30.5% to 74.2%, and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) receptor inhibitors from 8.2% to 41.8%. Statistically significant linear calendar time trends were observed for all three outcomes (Figure 1). Between 2000-02 and 2018-20 (Figure 2), the absolute 1-year risk of mortality declined from 31.6% to 16.0% (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 0.46 [95% CI: 0.43-0.50]). The absolute 1-year risk of an additional recurrent MI declined from 13.9% to 6.2% (aHR: 0.38 [0.34-0.43]). The absolute 1-year risk of HHF increased from 8.8% in 2000-02 to 10.5% in 2009-11 (aHR: 1.09 [0.99-1.21]), before declining to 7.4% in the final calendar year period (aHR: 0.75 [0.66-0.84]). Interpretation and conclusion Despite remarkable advances in the management and outcomes of patients experiencing recurrent MI during the reperfusion era, this remains a vulnerable, high-risk population. Special attention is warranted regarding the optimization of guideline directed care and prevention of heart failure following a recurrent MI.Figure 1Figure 2 &amp; Condensed Table 1

Declining invasive and rising insitu melanoma incidence trends in Iceland: A nationwide cohort study.

Melanoma is increasing worldwide, with incidence rates of invasive melanoma and melanoma insitu (MIS) varying by country. To provide updated invasive melanoma and MIS incidence and mortality trends in Iceland and explore differences among sex and rurality. In this whole-population study using the Icelandic Cancer Registry, patients diagnosed with invasive melanoma or MIS between 1957 and 2021 were included. Sex-specific world standardized incidence (WSR) and mortality rates were assessed by rurality. Joinpoint analysis was used to calculate trends using annual per cent change (APC). Invasive melanoma incidence rates increased from 0.66 to 7.0 (men) and 1.6 to 11.0 (women) per 100,000 person-years, and from 0.2 to 4.0 and 0.9 to 9.5 per 100,000 person-years for MIS in men and women, respectively, with a statistically significant linear trend (p = 0.001). WSR peaked in both men and women (10.7, 17.9 per 100,000 person-years) between 2002 and 2006 and has since been trending down. Between 1991 and 2005, the rise in invasive melanoma occurred more frequently in urban regions. Between 2003 and 2005, joinpoint analysis demonstrated a downtrend in invasive melanoma in men and women (-0.29, -0.73; p < 0.05). For MIS, the WSR peaked at 12.4 per 100,000 person-years in women between 1997 and 2001 before down-trending to 4.2. In recent years (2017-2021), the WSR has been steadily increasing in women with an APC of 1.43. Melanoma-specific mortality has decreased since 2012 (-0.07; p < 0.05). Declining invasive melanoma incidence and mortality rates in conjunction with the recent rise in MIS may reflect the impact of Iceland's sun safety and anti-sunbed educational campaigns, federal regulation of sunbeds and earlier melanoma detection in urban areas.

Association between dietary fatty acids and depressive symptoms in Chinese haemodialysis patients: a cross-sectional study.

Depression is highly prevalent in haemodialysis patients, and diet might play an important role. Therefore, we conducted this cross-sectional study to determine the association between dietary fatty acids (FA) consumption and the prevalence of depression in maintenance haemodialysis (MHD) patients. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated FFQ between December 2021 and January 2022. The daily intake of dietary FA was categorised into three groups, and the lowest tertile was used as the reference category. Depression was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) models were applied to assess the relationship between dietary FA intake and the prevalence of depression. As a result, after adjustment for potential confounders, a higher intake of total FA [odds ratio (OR)T3 vs. T1 = 1·59, 95 % confidence interval (CI) = 1·04, 2·46] and saturated fatty acids (SFA)(ORT3 vs. T1 = 1·83, 95 % CI = 1·19, 2·84) was associated with a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms. Significant positive linear trends were also observed (P < 0·05) except for SFA intake. Similarly, the prevalence of depression in MHD patients increasedby 20% (OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.01-1.43)foreach standard deviation increment in SFA intake. RCS analysis indicated an inverse U-shaped correlation between SFA and depression (P nonlinear > 0·05). Additionally, the sensitivity analysis produced similar results. Furthermore, no statistically significant association was observed in the subgroup analysis with significant interaction. In conclusion, higher total dietary FA and SFA were positively associated with depressive symptoms among MHD patients. These findings inform future research exploring potential mechanism underlying the association between dietary FA and depressive symptoms in MHD patients.

Middle-range scores from the patient determined disease steps scale reflect varying levels of walking dysfunction in multiple sclerosis

BackgroundMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a leading cause of neurological disability among young and middle-aged adults worldwide, and disability is measured using a variety of approaches, including patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) such as the Patient Determined Disease Steps (PDDS) scale. There is limited evidence for the validity of inferences from the middle-range of scores on the PDDS (i.e., 3 “gait disability” – 6 “bilateral support”), but that range of scores seemingly represents moderate disability characterized by varying levels of walking dysfunction.PurposeThe current study examined whether the middle-range of scores from the PDDS reflect varying levels of walking dysfunction among people with MS.MethodParticipants (N = 374) completed the Patient Determined Disease Steps (PDDS) scale, Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale-12 (MSWS-12), timed 25-foot walk (T25FW), six-minute walk (6 MW), Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS), and Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale-29 (MSIS-29), and underwent a neurological exam for generating an Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score as part of screening and baseline data collection for a clinical trial of exercise training in MS. We undertook a series of linear trend analyses that examined differences in the outcomes of EDSS, T25FW, 6 MW, MSWS-12, MFIS subscales, and MSIS-29 subscales across the 4 levels of PDDS scores (i.e., 3–6).ResultsThere were statistically significant and strong linear trends for EDSS (F1,370 = 306.1, p < .0001, η2 = 0.48), T25FW (F1,370 = 161.0, p < .0001, η2 = 0.32), 6 MW (F1,370 = 178.9, p < .0001, η2 = 0.34), and MSWS-12 (F1,370 = 97.0, p < .0001, η2 = 0.24). There was a strong correlation between PDDS and EDSS scores (rs = 0.695, 95% CI = 0.643, 0.748). Both PDDS and EDSS scores had strong correlations with walking outcomes, yet weaker correlations with measures of fatigue and QOL.ConclusionThe PDDS could serve as a simple, inexpensive, and rapidly administered PROM for remote screening and early detection of walking dysfunction for initial eligibility into clinical trials and practice for managing mobility-specific disability in MS.RegistrationThe study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov on March 19, 2018 (NCT03468868).

Characteristics and Drivers of Soil Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus Ecological Stoichiometry at the Heavy Degradation Stage of the Alpine Meadow

An in-depth understanding of the soil nutrient status and balance relationship can help the effective recovery and management of alpine degraded meadows. In order to study the balance relationship among soil carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus nutrients during the heavy degradation stage of meadows, field sampling and investigation, indoor analysis, and mathematical statistics were used to explore the characteristics and driving factors of changes in soil carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus content, storage, and ecological stoichiometry during the heavy degradation stage of alpine meadows in the Sanjiangyuan region. The results showed that in the heavy degradation stage, miscellaneous grass plants occupied absolute dominance, soil C∶N∶P was approximately 32.83∶3.87∶0.67, and there was certain nitrogen limitation. The coefficients of variation of soil carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus content were in the following order： organic carbon （1.09） &gt; total nitrogen （0.63） &gt; total phosphorus （0.29）. The organic carbon content and the carbon and nitrogen ratio showed a significant linear decreasing trend with the increase in the grassland degradation index （GDI）, while the total phosphorus content and organic carbon storage showed a significant non-linear change, in which the total phosphorus content showed a significant gentle U-shaped distribution, and the organic carbon storage decreased more gently at the beginning of the heavy degradation stage and then decreased sharply when the GDI was 57.9. The results of Mantel correlation analysis showed that the soil carbon to nitrogen ratio, carbon to phosphorus ratio, and nitrogen to phosphorus ratio showed significant correlation with organic carbon content and storage and total nitrogen storage. The results of structural equation modeling indicated that soil water content had direct effects as well as indirect through vegetation factors, soil carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus ecological stoichiometry ratios, and soil water content and vegetation factors （height, cover, and biomass） were key environmental factors affecting soil ecological stoichiometry. The research results can provide scientific basis and practical guidance for the restoration of heavily degraded grassland in alpine meadows.

Peripheral Blood ABCG1 Gene DNA Methylation: Mediating the Relationship between Dietary Intake of Methyl Donor Nutrients and Stroke Risk

Dysregulation of methyl donor nutrients interferes with DNA methylation and is associated with neurological diseases. ABCG1 gene regulates cholesterol to HDL-C, maintains lipid homeostasis, and has been linked to both methyl nutrition and neurological risks. The aim was to investigate whether there is an effect of ABCG1 DNA methylation on the relationship between intake of methyl donor nutrients and the risk of stroke occurrence. We hypothesize that the intake of methyl donor nutrients may influence stroke occurrence by modulating the methylation status of ABCG1. This study utilized a case-control design and selected 52 stroke patients along with 52 healthy controls from Northwest China. Dietary information was collected using a FFQ, and methylation levels were measured at 29 CpG sites of the ABCG1 gene. A significant linear trend was found between dietary intake of the methyl donor nutrient choline and CpG_19.20 methylation of the ABCG1 gene (β = -0.037, P = 0.033). Additionally, a significant association was observed between CpG_19.20 methylation and the risk of stroke (OR 2.325, 95% CI 1.210 - 4.466). Mediation analysis revealed that choline intake indirectly influenced stroke occurrence through its effect on CpG_19.20 methylation levels in the ABCG1 gene (β = -0.015, SE = 0.013, 95% CI = [-0.053, -0.001]). We found that DNA methylation at specific CpG sites of the peripheral blood ABCG1 gene mediates the association between dietary methyl donor nutrient intake and stroke risk in an adult population from Northwest China. New insights are provided on the prevention and treatment of stroke.

Association between pre-diagnosis and post-diagnosis Alternate Mediterranean Diet and ovarian cancer survival: evidence from a prospective cohort study

BackgroundThere is currently a lack of comprehensive evidence regarding the correlation between Alternate Mediterranean Diet (AMED) and the survival of patients with ovarian cancer (OC). This prospective cohort study first assessed the association of AMED, not only pre-diagnosis and post-diagnosis but also the change from pre-diagnosis to post-diagnosis with OC survival.MethodsA total of 560 OC patients were included in the study, and their dietary intake was assessed using a reliable 111-item food frequency questionnaire. The overall survival (OS) of the patients was monitored through active follow-up and review of medical records until February 16th, 2023. Cox proportional hazard regression models were utilized to compute the hazard ratios (HRs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsOut of the total 560 patients with OC, 211 (37.68%) succumbed during a median follow-up period of 44.40 months (interquartile range: 26.97–61.37). Comparative analysis indicated a significant association between the highest tertiles of pre-diagnosis (HR = 0.59; 95% CI 0.38–0.90; Ptrend < 0.05) and post-diagnosis (HR = 0.61; 95% CI 0.41–0.91; Ptrend < 0.05) AMED intake and improved OS as opposed to the lowest tertile. Additionally, a significant linear trend was observed for AMED and OC survival. Notably, decreased intake (more than 5% change) and significantly increased intake (more than 15% change) of AMED from pre-diagnosis to post-diagnosis were linked to worse and better OS, respectively, when compared to the stable intake group (change within 5%). Furthermore, patients displaying consistently higher AMED intake both before and after diagnosis experienced enhanced OS in comparison to those with consistently low AMED intake (HRHigh-High vs. Low-Low = 0.47; 95% CI 0.31–0.70).ConclusionHigh pre-diagnosis and post-diagnosis AMED was associated with an improved OS in patients with OC, suggesting that maintaining a consistently high intake of AMED could potentially benefit the prognosis of OC.

Changes in unhealthy food consumption among vulnerable elementary-aged children in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic: a serial cross-sectional analysis.

Several studies suggest that during the early pandemic, amidst socioeconomic instability, children from underserved families were more likely to resort to consuming cheaper, lower-quality foods with longer shelf lives. This study investigated the change in unhealthy food consumption across different phases (pre, early, mid) of the COVID-19 pandemic, and whether the strength of association between unhealthy food consumption and household socioeconomic disadvantage (HSED) varied across phases of the pandemic. This study utilized serial cross-sectional data collected from low-income families enrolled in a school-based food co-op, Brighter Bites. Secondary data analysis included 5,384 surveys from families who had complete data: 3422 pre-pandemic, 944 from the early pandemic, and 1,018 mid-pandemic. Outcome measures included sugary food intake and convenience/fast food intake, each of which was operationalized as a scale using pre-validated items from the surveys. HSED was operationalized as a composite of parent employment, parent education, food insecurity, and participation in government programs; responses were categorized into low, medium, and high HSED groups for analysis. We examined the interaction between HSED and time period to explore how HSED and its association with dietary measures changed over the course of the pandemic. A significant linear negative trend, i.e., a decrease in consumption from pre-to-mid-pandemic period was seen in sugary food intake (p < 0.001), but not in convenience food intake. In data pooled across time-periods, both sugary food and convenience/fast food consumption were inversely associated with HSED, and low unhealthy food consumption was observed among high-disadvantage groups. No significant interaction between time period and HSED was observed on either scale. However, the post-regression estimates from the adjusted interaction model showed a significant association between convenience/fast food consumption and HSED in pre- and mid-pandemic periods. The study highlights the nuances of socioeconomic dynamics on the diet behaviors of children from low-income families during a natural disaster.

Folate intake and the risk of endometrial cancer: A dose-response meta-analysis.

The relationship between folate intake and risk of endometrial cancer (EC) is debatable. The goal of this study was to examine the relationship between folate consumption and EC and then conduct a dose-response analysis in accordance with this. Up until February 1, 2024, we conducted a thorough search using PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. Stata 14 software was used to analyze the findings of the article. The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024505943), and the meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Nine case-control studies and 6 cohort studies were included, comprising 379,570 participants and 8660 EC cases. The highest level of folate consumption was associated with a 10% reduction in the occurrence of EC (relative risk [RR] = 0.90, 95% confidence intervals [CIs]: 0.78-1.05, I2 = 63.2%) compared to the lowest level of intake. The association exhibited a statistically significant linear trend (P = .231), with a combined RR of 0.974 (95% CI: 0.968-0.981) for each daily intake of 50 µg folate. Folate intake may reduce the risk of EC.

Examination of Vitreolenticular Interface in Relation to Different Phacoemulsification Parameters in Early and Late Postoperative Period.

Background: The surgical parameters of phacoemulsification can significantly impact the behavior of the anterior hyaloid membrane (AHM). Methods: In this prospective study, anterior segment optical coherence tomography was used to examine the attachment or detachment of the AHM of 82 eyes after uneventful phacoemulsification preoperatively and postoperatively over 1 year. The impacts of the capsulorhexis' size, number of hydrodissections, nuclear sclerosis grade, cumulative dissipated energy (CDE), ultrasonic time, total surgical time, weakness of zonular fibers, presence of lens materials in Berger's space (LM-BS), and fluid usage were investigated in relation to the behavior of the AHM. Results: A significant linear trend regarding anterior vitreous detachment (AVD) was observed in the presence of zonular weakness and high CDE at all postoperative times (p ≤ 0.024 and p ≤ 0.005, respectively). Similarly, AVD was observed at 1-month, 3-month, and 1-year follow-ups in cases of high nuclear sclerosis grades (p ≤ 0.044) and high fluid usage (p ≤ 0.021). A significant correlation was observed in the group of LM-BS as the zonular weakness value increased (OR: 0.085; 95% CI: 0.017 to 0.420; p = 0.002), and the fluid usage was also significantly higher (OR: 1.049; 95% CI: 1.003-1.096; p = 0.037). Conclusions: Zonular weakness, high CDE, a hard nucleus, and high fluid usage are risk factors for postoperative AVD.

Effects of Bacillus subtilis-fermented soybean meal replacing fish meal on antioxidant activity, immunity, endoplasmic reticulum stress and hepatopancreas histology in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

IntroductionScreening excellent bacterial strains for fermentation is the key to improving the nutritional value and bioavailability of soybean meal (SBM). This study investigated the application of Bacillus subtilis-fermented soybean meal (FSBM) on the feed of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei).MethodsFSBM was used to replace 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% fish meal, and the feeding trial was lasted for 8 weeks (initial weight: 0.9 g). Results and discussionThe amino acid profile in the whole shrimp body was tested. FSBM substitution only significantly reduced the content lysine in whole shrimp body, but increased the content of arginine. Fatty acid data showed that the content of n-6 PUFAs in whole shrimp was significantly increased by FSBM substitution. In muscle, FSBM substitution significantly reduced the content of MUFAs, but increased the content of PUFAs including C18:3n-3, C18:2n-6 and C20:4n-6. No hepatopancreas structure modifications appeared in the 25% group compared with the control group. Subsequently, we investigated the response patterns of different organs to FSBM substitution from antioxidant, endoplasmic reticulum stress and immunity. A high proportion of FSBM significantly reduced the content of GSH in hemolymph and hepatopancreas, while increased the mRNA expression of cat. FSBM substitution did not affect the activities of antioxidant enzymes in the intestine. However, the mRNA expression level of hsp70 in the intestine was significantly reduced by FSBM. In terms of immunity, the mRNA expression levels of lgbp and penaeidin in the hepatopancreas showed a significant linear increase trend. In muscle, high proportion of FSBM significantly increased the mRNA expression of imd. FSBM substitution did not significantly affect the expression of immune genes in the intestine. In terms of endoplasmic reticulum stress, FSBM substitution significantly increased the mRNA expression of eif2α in the hepatopancreas. In muscle, FSBM substitution inhibited the mRNA expression of bip. In the intestine, FSBM replacing 75% of fish meal significantly increased the mRNA expression of bip and ire1. In summary, this study indicated that when the fish meal content account for 40% in diets (dry weight), the screened Bacillus subtilis-FSBM can replace 25% of fish meal protein without reducing the antioxidant and immune abilities of shrimp.

Evidence for differences in patterns of temporal trends in meta-analyses of diagnostic accuracy studies in the Cochrane database of systematic reviews

ObjectivesTemporal trends in comparative meta-analyses of interventions are well-recognized in the medical literature. For studies of diagnostic test accuracy (DTA), evidence of temporal trends is growing and the importance of assessing and reporting them has been highlighted in recent guidelines on postmarket surveillance in several jurisdictions. In this study, we evaluate the prevalence and patterns of time trends using a larger and more up-to-date set of DTA systematic reviews than has previously been examined, from the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Study Design and SettingCumulative meta-analysis was conducted on bivariate random effects meta-analysis estimates of sensitivity and specificity, after ranking studies by publication date. Trends for all studies were assessed graphically using plots of summary estimates by study rank, and using receiver operating characteristic plots of sensitivity vs specificity. Linear trends were also described using weighted linear regression with autocorrelated errors of summary estimates against study rank. Various patterns of nonlinear trends were characterized descriptively. ResultsThe analysis included 46 reviews (92 meta-analyses) conducted between 2017 and 2022. The total number of studies within all reviews was 1486, with a median (IQR) 7134 (2782–16,406) participants per review. Reviews had a median (IQR) time span of 19 (15-25) publication years. Time trends in at least 1 DTA measure were observed in 40 (87%) reviews, and statistically significant linear trends in 32 (70%) reviews. Nonlinear time trends were observed in 14 (30%) reviews. There was no evidence for a trend in either DTA measure in 6 (13%) reviews. ConclusionThe study contributes evidence on the variety in patterns of linear and nonlinear temporal DTA trends which has not previously been described. We recommended researchers check statistical assumptions of trend analysis methods, eg, using graphical methods. Further research into potential reasons for time trends could contribute to the robustness of future meta-analyses.

Exploring the inverse relationship between serum total bilirubin and systemic immune-inflammation index: insights from NHANES data (2009–2018)

BackgroundBilirubin is known for its multifaceted attributes, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antiapoptotic properties. The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) is a recent marker that reflects the balance between inflammation and immune response. Despite the wealth of information available on bilirubin’s diverse functionalities, the potential correlation between the total bilirubin (TB) levels and SII has not been investigated so far.MethodsLeveraging data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey spanning 2009–2018, the TB levels were categorized using tertiles. Employing the chi-squared test with Rao and Scott’s second-order correction and Spearman’s rank correlation analysis, the association between TB and SII was examined. The potential nonlinearities between TB and SII were evaluated using restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis. Weighted linear regression, adjusted for covariates, was used to explore the correlation between TB and SII, with further subgroup analyses.ResultsA total of 16,858 participants were included, and the findings revealed significant SII variations across TB tertiles (p < 0.001). The third tertile (Q3) exhibited the lowest SII level at 495.73 (295.00) 1000 cells/µL. Spearman rank correlation disclosed the negative association between TB and SII. RCS analysis exposed the lack of statistically significant variations in the nonlinear relationship (p > 0.05), thereby providing support for a linear relationship. Weighted linear regression analysis underscored the negative correlation between TB and SII (β 95% CI − 3.9 [− 5.0 to − 2.9], p < 0.001). The increase in the TB levels is associated with a significant linear trend toward decreasing SII. After controlling for relative covariates, this negative correlation increased (p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis confirmed the significant negative TB–SII association.ConclusionA notable negative correlation between TB and SII implies the potential protective effects of bilirubin in inflammation-related diseases.

Association between Coffee Consumption and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: An Exploratory Case-Control Study.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a leading cause of infertility, with an estimated worldwide prevalence between 5% and 15%. We conducted a case-control study with 121 PCOS patients and 155 controls to assess the association between coffee intake and the presence of having a diagnosis of PCOS in women in Murcia, Spain. The PCOS diagnosis was determined following Rotterdam criteria (the presence of two of the following three conditions: hyperandrogenism, oligo-anovulation, and/or polycystic ovarian morphology). Coffee consumption was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using multiple logistic regression. Coffee consumption was categorized into never, less than one cup per day, one cup per day, and two or more cups per day. We found a significant inverse linear trend: the higher the coffee consumption, the lower the probability of having PCOS in multivariable analysis (p-trend = 0.034). Women who presented with PCOS were less likely to drink one cup of coffee compared to those who had never drunk coffee (OR = 0.313, 95% CI: 0.141-0.69). The consumption of at least one cup of coffee per day may be associated with a decrease in PCOS symptoms.

O-075 Particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) exposure prior to oocyte collection is associated with decreased live birth rates in subsequent frozen embryo transfers

Abstract Study question Does exposure to particulate matter air pollution prior to oocyte collection (OPU) or frozen embryo transfer (FET) impact FET live birth rates? Summary answer Increasing PM10 and PM2.5 exposure prior to OPU is associated with decreased odds of live birth in subsequent FET, independent of the conditions at FET. What is known already Ambient air pollution is increasing, and exposure is associated with adverse reproductive health outcomes, including infertility, miscarriage, preterm birth and low birth weight. Animal studies have shown that air pollutants can impair spermatogenesis, oogenesis, ovarian reserve and embryogenesis. These findings are corroborated by human epidemiological studies. The impact of ambient air pollution on IVF outcomes is uncertain. Additionally, whether pollutants exert a greater impact during oocyte development or early pregnancy is uncertain. Therefore, studies of FETs offer an opportunity to delineate different phases of reproduction that may be adversely affected by pollution. Study design, size, duration A retrospective analysis of 3,657 FETs in a single Australian centre from January 2013 – December 2021. All FETs during the study period were included; data were collected from the clinic database. Air pollutant concentrations for each day during the study were obtained from the Governmental monitoring body, including SO2, CO, O3, NO2, PM10 and PM2.5. Evaluation of FETs allowed separation of environmental effects during oocyte development and during early pregnancy. Participants/materials, setting, methods Quartiles were created for pollutants averaged over 24 hours, 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 3 months prior to OPU and prior to FET. Multi-pollutant models were created to account for co-exposures and were adjusted for variables at the time of OPU and FET. Bonferroni correction was made to account for the 4 timepoints tested on each outcome. Linear trends were assessed for each model, and pairwise comparisons against the first quartile were performed. Main results and the role of chance Overall, air quality was excellent, with pollutant levels within published safe limits on &amp;gt; 99% of days during the study period. Increasing PM10 exposure in the 2 weeks prior to OPU was associated with decreased odds of livebirth (linear trend p = 0.009); the odds of livebirth decreased by 38% when PM10 concentrations were in the highest quartile compared with the lowest (OR 0.62, p = 0.010). Increasing PM2.5 exposure in the 3 months prior to OPU was also associated with decreased odds of livebirth (linear trend p = 0.011). No significant linear trends were observed between livebirths and other pollutants. The summer seasonal association with livebirth that we have previously demonstrated consistently held in the multi-pollutant models. No significant linear trends were observed between air pollutants and biochemical pregnancy, clinical pregnancy, miscarriage, gestation at birth or embryological outcomes. Limitations, reasons for caution The retrospective design is a limitation. Whilst corrections were made for multiple pollutant co-exposures, other environmental conditions, patient factors and repeated cycles, we were unable to account for all potential covariates. To reduce the risk of type 1 error due to the multiple timeframes, we utilised a Bonferroni correction. Wider implications of the findings Even when PM2.5 and PM10 exposures are within so-called “safe” ranges, increasing exposure in the weeks and months prior to OPU are associated with decreasing livebirth rates, independent of the conditions at the time of FET. Trial registration number 2022/ET000980