Significant Increase In Blood Levels Research Articles

Effect of chromium niacinate and chromium picolinate supplementation on lipid peroxidation, TNF-α, IL-6, CRP, glycated hemoglobin, triglycerides, and cholesterol levels in blood of streptozotocin-treated diabetic rats

Chromium (Cr 3+) supplementation facilitates normal protein, fat, and carbohydrate metabolism, and is widely used by the public in many countries. This study examined the effect of chromium niacinate (Cr-N) or chromium picolinate (Cr-P) supplementation on lipid peroxidation (LP), TNF-α, IL-6, C-reactive protein (CRP), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA 1), cholesterol, and triglycerides (TG) in diabetic rats. Diabetes (D) was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by streptozotocin (STZ) (ip, 65 mg/kg BW). Control buffer, Cr-N, or Cr-P (400 μg Cr/kg BW) was administered by gavages daily for 7 weeks. Blood was collected by heart puncture using light anesthesia. Diabetes caused a significant increase in blood levels of TNF-α, IL-6, glucose, HbA 1, cholesterol, TG, and LP. Compared with D, Cr-N supplementation lowered the blood levels of TNF-α ( P = 0.04), IL-6 ( P = 0.02), CRP ( P = 0.02), LP ( P = 0.01), HbA 1 ( P = 0.02), TG ( P = 0.04), and cholesterol ( P = 0.04). Compared with D, Cr-P supplementation showed a decrease in TNF-α ( P = 0.02), IL-6 ( P = 0.02), and LP ( P = 0.01). Chromium niacinate lowers blood levels of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, CRP), oxidative stress, and lipids levels in diabetic rats, and appears to be a more effective form of Cr 3+ supplementation. This study suggests that Cr 3+ supplementation can lower the risk of vascular inflammation in diabetes.

ASSESSMENT OF THE HAZARDOUS EFFECT OF FUNGICIDE DITHANE ON CLARIAS lazera (CATFISH) INCLUDING HAEMATOLOGICAL, BIOCHEMICAL, AND IMMUNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS

The aim of present work was to study the toxicity of (mancozeb )Dithane fungicide on fish Claras lazera (catfish) and consequently to human beings.The fishes were exposed to Dithane in dose of 0.5 ppm /L (equivalent of 1/10 of LD50)for 30 days. Different Haematological, Biochemical, Bacteriological, and Immunological parameters were assessed. The results showed significant increase in Blood level of Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Cortisol, Urea, Creatinine, Glucose, Insulin as well as Aspartate Amino Transferase (AST) and Alanine Amino Transferease (ALT)in blood. However there was a decrease in blood level of Iron and IgM, accompanied by decrease in Haemoglobin (HB), Macrocytic hypochromic anemia (R.B.Cs) count, Packed cell volume (PCV) which was observed in fish in 7, 15, 30, days after exposure to Dithane. The Haemogram shows reticulocytosis and increase in mean corpuscular volume (MCV). Dithane produces metabolic stress and cell damage with malfunction of haemopoetic system. Microbiological examination revealed a presence of pathogenic bacteria mainly E. coli, Flavabacterium, and Staphylococcus aureus. It was concluded that in catfish reared on low dietary carbohydrate (CHO) diet there was hyperglycemia due to increase in cortisol hormone. However immunological results revealed decrease in the level of IgM in blood; a loss of scales and petichial haemorrhage in parts of skin was observed. Ascitic and erosion due to complication of bacterial infection, was also accorded.

Inflammatory response and angiogenesis after percutaneous transmyocardial laser revascularization

Background. The aim of our study was to investigate the inflammatory response immediately after percutaneous transmyocardial laser revascularization (PTMR) along with the underlying mechanism of angiogenesis. Methods. Patients with angina pectoris underwent coronary angiography and were divided into two groups. Group A (n = 10) included patients with obstructed vessels who received PTMR, whereas group B (n = 5) comprised patients who had normal coronary arteries. Blood levels of neutrophils, procalcitonin, troponin-I, myoglobin, and creatine kinase (CK) mass were evaluated in each patient before angiography and monitored up to 48 hours after the procedure. Six patients were injected with 99mTc-leukoscan approximately 60 to 90 minutes after PTMR. During the 240 to 300 minutes after the radionuclide administration, single photon emission tomography (SPET) was performed and compared with conventional 99mTc-sestamibi-SPET. Results. A significant increase in blood levels of neutrophils and procalcitonin was observed in group A only ( p < 0.005). A slight but significant increase of troponin-I was evident in the same group ( p < 0.05), and a distinct myocardial uptake of 99mTc-Leukoscan-SPET was observed in each patient along homologous regions treated by PTMR. Conclusions. The increased amount of neutrophils (both circulating and inside the treated myocardial areas) along with the raised levels of procalcitonin were the immediate reactions to PTMR. This systemic and intramyocardial inflammatory response is the underlying mechanism that gives rise to angiogenesis.

New data on phagocytes and phagocytosis in the compound ascidianBotryllus schlosseri(Tunicata, Ascidiacea)

Abstract In the compound ascidian Botryllus schlosseri, phagocytes change their morphology and frequency during the colonial blastogenic cycle. In the regression phase, characterized by intense phagocytosis, zooids of the old generation are progressively resorbed, the frequency of hyaline amoebocytes falls abruptly, and the frequency of macrophage‐like cells increases significantly. Moreover, the hyaline amoebocytes engulf foreign materials, withdraw their cytoplasmic projections, and change their shape from flat and fusiform to spherical or ovoidal: all these processes suggest that hyaline amoebocytes represent the precursors of macrophage‐like cells. During regression, a significant increase in blood levels of hydrogen peroxide and acid phosphatase is observed, in agreement with data obtained in in vitro experiments showing an increase in reactive oxygen metabolite production, nitrite ion release, and acid phosphatase secretion associated with phagocytosis.

Erectile Dysfunction Due to Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease: The Development of an Animal Model

An animal model was developed to study the pathophysiology of erectile dysfunction due to atherosclerotic vascular disease. Thirty one New Zealand white male rabbits were divided into control (n = 5) and treatment groups (n = 26). The control group was placed on a regular diet while the treatment group underwent balloon de-endothelialization of the aorto-iliac arteries and received 1.6% cholesterol and 4% triglyceride diet for eight weeks. After eight weeks in the control animals (n = 5), blood levels of cholesterol, triglycerides and low density lipoproteins, radiologic studies as well as hemodynamic parameters of erectile function were all normal. In the surviving treatment animals (n = 21) after the same time period, a significant increase in blood levels of cholesterol, triglyceride and low density lipoprotein were observed. In addition, 62% of these animals developed hypertension which was not observed in the control group. Angiographically, 10 animals (48%) demonstrated severe atherosclerotic lesions (75% to 100% occlusion of common or internal iliac arteries on one side and over 50% occlusion of the opposite side), five (24%) had moderate lesions (50 to 75% luminal occlusion of right and left common iliac or internal iliac arteries) and 6 revealed minimal lesions (less than 50% occlusion of the right and left common iliac or internal iliac arteries). Of the 15 animals with 50% or greater luminal occlusion of the iliohypogastric arteries, erectile dysfunction was found in 93% of cases. Due to the development of erectile dysfunction in 33% of animals with minimal occlusive lesions, it appears that factors, other than large vessel luminal occlusion, may exist in this animal model which adversely influence erectile function. This model may therefore be of further benefit in the study of other factors associated with atherosclerosis and impotence, such as the possible concomitant hypercholesterolemic and atherosclerotic-induced alterations in the local reactivity of corpus cavernosum smooth muscle and lacunar space endothelial cells.

Effects of Rhubarb Tannins on Uremic Toxins

The effects of each of several tannins purified from Rhei Rhizoma on serum constituents were investigated in rats with adenine-induced renal failure. Blood levels of urea nitrogen, methylguanidine (MG), and guanidinosuccinic acid (GSA) were significantly decreased in rats given (-)-epicatechin 3-O-gallate at a dose of 2.5, 5 or 10 mg/kg body weight/day for 24 days. The creatinine (Cr) level was also significantly decreased in rats given 5 and 10 mg of this compound. A significant decrease in urea nitrogen, MG, and GSA was found in rats given 6.25 mg of procyanidin B-2 3,3'-di-O-gallate. However, unlike the former two components the administration of 12.5 mg of procyanidin C-1 3,3',3''-tri-O-gallate produced a considerable or significant increase in bLood levels of urea nitrogen, Cr, MG, and GSA. RG-tannin had a weaker overall effect on serum constituents except for GSA in comparison with the corresponding effect of (-)-epicatechin 3-O-gallate and 6.25 mg of procyanidin B-2 3,3'-di-O-gallate. Rhatannin tended to increase the serum nitrogen constituents.

Absorption of cortisol from the colon in ulcerative colitis.

SummaryRectal Cortisol has been used in treatment of chronic ulcerative colitis with good results. Following administration of 200 mg of the steroid dissolved in 100 cc of normal saline, there was no significant increase in blood levels of cortisol. This was confirmed by absence in the plasma cortisol fraction of any appreciable radioactivity following instillation of cortisol-4-C14. By implication, our data suggest that the good clinical results obtained were probably the result of a local effect of the cortisol on the rectal mucosa.