Significant Increase In Activity Research Articles

Development of a method for detecting and classifying hydrocarbon-contaminated soils via laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy and machine learning algorithms.

In recent years, there has been a significant increase in oil exploration and exploitation activities, resulting in spills that pose a severe threat to the environment and public health. The present work aims to develop a method to detect and classify hydrocarbon-contaminated soils that is useful for analyzing contaminated sites. The method combines machine learning algorithms with data obtained via the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technique. The first stage involved optimizing the experimental parameters of the LIBS technique from eleven soil samples contaminated with different hydrocarbons and one sample used for control purposes. To classify the samples effectively, a robust and interpretable method was required. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was chosen for its ability to identify the linear combination of features that best separates classes while maintaining simplicity and interpretability. To address overfitting risks and reduce dimensionality, principal component analysis (PCA) was applied before LDA. This preprocessing step optimized the classification of samples contaminated with eleven different hydrocarbon sources and distinguished them from the control class. The results revealed accuracies greater than 90%. The model was also used to discriminate subsets of classes that shared similarities, which could be revealed from the analysis of the entire class set. The approach also successfully classified related classes, such as gasoline and different oils, achieving 100% accuracy in all cases. This enhanced capacity to identify and differentiate hydrocarbons with LIBS and machine learning marks a significant advancement in environmental monitoring.

Multimodal Adaptations to Expiratory Musculature-Targeted Resistance Training: A Preliminary Study in Healthy Young Adults.

Exercise-induced adaptations, including neuroplasticity, are well studied for physical exercise that targets skeletal muscles. However, little is known about the neuroplastic potential of targeted speech and swallowing exercises. The current study aimed to gather preliminary data on molecular and functional changes associated with the neuroplastic effects of 4-week expiratory musculature-targeted resistance training in healthy young adults. Five healthy young adult men aged between 19 and 35 years, M (SD) = 28.8 (2.68) years, underwent 4 weeks of expiratory muscle strength training (EMST). We measured changes in maximum expiratory pressure (MEP), serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels at baseline and posttraining conditions. Furthermore, functional and structural magnetic resonance images were obtained to investigate the neuroplastic effects of EMST. We analyzed the effects of training using a linear mixed model for each outcome, with fixed effects for baseline and posttraining. MEP and serum BDNF levels significantly increased posttraining. However, this effect was not observed for IGF-1. A significant increase in functional activation in eight regions was also observed posttraining. However, we did not observe significant changes in the white matter microstructure. Preliminary data from our study suggest targeted resistance training of expiratory muscles results in molecular and neuroplastic adaptations similar to exercise that targets skeletal muscles. Additionally, these results suggest that EMST could be a potential intervention to modulate (or prime) neurotrophic signaling pathways linked to functional strength gains and neuroplasticity.

Development of Karonda Juice Supplemented Whey Beverage with Enhanced Antioxidant Activity

This study assessed the antioxidant activity, sensory characteristics, and storage stability of whey-based beverages supplemented with karonda juice. Beverages prepared with varying concentrations of Karonda juice (6, 8, 10, 12, 14%) showed a significant increase in antioxidant activity with increasing juice concentration, while variations in sugar content showed no significant effect. The beverage prepared using 10% sugar supplemented with 14% karonda juice showed highest acceptability by sensory evaluation. The antioxidant capacity of the supplemented beverages was significantly higher than that of paneer whey, with ABTS and DPPH assay values increasing to 5.65±0.03 and 3.99±0.04, respectively. The product ​​remained acceptable for up to three weeks based on seonsory assessment. These findings suggest that karonda juice has the potential to enhance both the antioxidant capacity and sensory appeal of whey-based beverages, while maintaining an acceptable shelf life of three weeks under refrigerated conditions.

Phaseolus acutifolius Recombinant Lectin Exerts Differential Proapoptotic Activity on EGFR+ and EGFR− Colon Cancer Cells and Provokes T Cell-Assisted Antitumor Responses in Mice

Background: rTBL-1, a recombinant lectin from Phaseolus acutifolius, exhibit proapoptotic activity on colon cancer cells and inhibitory properties on colon tumorigenesis in vivo. Apoptosis has been associated with a phospho-EGFR/phospho-p38/phospho-p53 mechanistic axis. Immunogenicity data have been observed in treated animals, but its possible involvement in the antitumor response remained unexplored. Objective: We investigated whether the cytotoxic activity of rTBL-1 depends on EGFR and its capacity to produce antitumor responses on syngeneic colon cancer in mice, with and without T cells, in order to explore its possible involvement in the process. Results: rTBL-1 exhibited cytotoxic effects in a concentration-dependent manner in both EGFR+ (MC-38) and EGFR− (CT-26) colon cancer cells with LC50 values of 23.50 and 30.01 µg/mL, respectively (p = 0.063). Apoptotic effects were slower and longer-lasting in MC-38 than in CT-26 cells. Significant increases in caspase-3 proteolytic activation and PARP1 cleavage were detected in both cell types, despite PARP1 rheostasis in CT-26 cells. Intralesional treatment with rTBL-1 inhibited the growth of established tumors in immunocompetent BALB/c mice in 27.81% (p = 0.0008) with a benefit in survival (p = 0.022), but not in immunodeficient BALB/c nude mice. Conclusions: rTBL-1 induces apoptosis in colon cancer cells by EGFR independent mechanisms, although its presence could be related to deeper responses. Unresponsiveness in nude mice indicated that rTBL-1 antitumor effect is the synergistic result of apoptosis induction and T cell-mediated cytotoxicity in the tumor. Future studies will focus on the immunogenic effects triggered by the antitumor activity of rTBL-1 in colon cancer.

Applying Differentiated Instruction to Enhance Student Engagement and Learning Outcomes in Integrated Social Studies in Junior High School

This research is classroom action research that aims to improve the learning outcomes of Integrated Social Sciences through the application of differentiated learning in grade VII students of UPT SMPN Satap Pulo Bembe No. 29 Selayar Islands. The subject of this study is a student of grade VII UPT SMPN Satap Pulo Bembe No. 29 with a total of 12 students consisting of 7 male students and 5 female students. This research was carried out in two cycles, namely cycle I which was carried out 3 meetings (the first and second meetings for the learning process and the third meeting for Integrated Social Studies learning outcome assessment activities) and cycle II was also carried out 3 meetings. The two cycles were carried out for 2 months plus summarizing all existing research results. The results of the study show that the application of differentiated learning has succeeded in significantly improving student learning outcomes. In the first cycle, 50% of students have not reached the completion score, but in the second cycle, the number of students who did not complete the score decreased drastically to only 8%, while the number of students who achieved the completion score increased to 92%. This shows that differentiated learning is effective in overcoming academic gaps between students and improving their achievement of learning outcomes. In addition to improving learning outcomes, differentiated learning has also been proven to be effective in increasing student activity. In the first cycle, the average student activity only reached 68%, showing that even though some students are already active, there are still many who lack participation. After the implementation of a more optimal differentiated learning strategy in cycle II, student activity increased significantly to 87%. This shows that the differentiated learning approach not only helps students in understanding the material, but also increases their engagement in the learning process. The application of differentiated learning in cycle II resulted in a significant increase in learning outcomes and student activity, which shows the success of this strategy in meeting the diverse learning needs of students.

Construction of novel magnetic systems for cancer immunotherapy via cancer-immunity cycle circuits.

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is enriched with immunosuppressive factors that inhibit the recruitment and activation of dendritic cells (DCs), thereby reducing the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy. To address this challenge, we propose an innovative strategy involving the sequential administration of MCM magnetic nanoparticles carrying PROTAC drugs (MCM/ARV) and M-BMDCs in the TEM. This approach not only replenishes DCs in the TEM, but also increases antigen uptake through the attraction between the magnetic particles and promotes DC activation and antigen presentation, thus continuously enhancing the tumor immune cycle. MCM nanoparticles (magnetic nanoclusters coated with calcium-doped manganese carbonate) efficiently load the tumor-targeting drug PROTAC (ARV-825), enhancing its bioavailability, leading to specific degradation of BRD4 in tumor cells, and releasing a large number of tumor-associated antigens. These antigens were captured by MCM nanoparticles to construct magnetized tumor vaccines. Magnetic M-BMDCs introduced at the tumor site are attracted to these magnetized vaccines, resulting in a significant increase in antigen uptake and activation of DCs, significantly enhancing the tumor immune cycle. This co-administration strategy of magnetized vaccines and magnetized BMDCs provides a unique combination therapy for reversing immunosuppressive TEM and enhancing the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy.

CHANGES IN MUSCLE OXYGENATION & MOTOR UNIT ACTIVATION IN RESISTANCE EXERCISE IN OBESE WOMEN

https://youtu.be/-g6-C7YD-cg BACKGROUND The study of motor unit activation during exercise provides information on the function of the neuromuscular system and changes in muscle oxygenation for metabolic functions during exercise. The aim of this study was to examine the changes in muscle oxygenation and motor unit activation during resistance exercise and the correlation between these changes in normoweight and obese women. METHODS/ DESIGN A total of 25 women participated who were divided, based on body fat percentage (BF), into normoweight (BF: 25.4±3.41, age: 20.7±0.89 years, n=13) and obese (BF: 40.47±6.07, age: 20.5±0.97 years, n=12) and performed in the single leg extension exercise 3 sets of 10 repetitions at 60% of 1RM with a 3′ rest between sets. During the performance of the exercise, electromyographic (EMG) activity of the vastus lateralis muscle was recorded and through decomposition of the EMG signal, the amplitude of the motor unit action potential (MUAP), the firing rate (FR) was determined. Also, the change in oxygenation of the vastus lateralis muscle was recorded by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and the slope of the change in oxygenated (O2Hb) and deoxygenated (HHb) hemoglobin during the performance of the sets was calculated. RESULTS There was a significant increase (p<0.05) in EMGrms activity and FR of the motor units during the performance of the sets with no difference (p<0.05) in the change between the two groups. The slope of increase in HHb and decrease in O2Hb was higher (p<0.05) in normoweight women. There was no significant correlation between the rate of change of the EMGrms signal (r = 0.08-0.30) and FR (r = 0.04-0.28) with the rate of change of O2Hb and HHb in each set either in the whole sample or in each group separately. COΝCLUSIONS In conclusion, normoweight and obese women show similar changes in neuromuscular activation during resistance exercise but different metabolic function with greater deoxygenation in normoweight women. The lack of correlation between the change in neuromuscular activation and muscle oxygenation is likely due to the increased use of anaerobic energy production mechanisms during the performance of this exercise program.

Strategi Pengawas dalam Meningkatkan Etos Kerja Guru dan Tenaga Kependidikan

The quality of education in schools is greatly influenced by the role of professional supervisors, who are responsible for implementing educational guidance in order to create quality educational processes and outcomes. As teachers with additional duties as supervisors, as regulated in Permendiknas Number 13 of 2007, supervisors play an important role in supervision aimed at building and improving the quality of education. This study aims to measure the impact of guidance by supervisors on the work ethic of teachers and employees/administrators at MTsN 14 Ciamis, with a focus on three main aspects: the influence on improving teacher work ethic, the influence on employees/administrators, and the overall influence on the work ethic of both. Data were collected through observation, field notes, and reviews, and analyzed using qualitative descriptive methods with investigator triangulation to ensure the validity of the data. The results showed a significant increase in relevant activities of teachers and employees/administrators, with openness in sharing opinions increasing from 70.47% to 86.55% in the third cycle. Conversely, less relevant activities decreased, with scores dropping from 32.87% in the first cycle to 9.25% in the third cycle. Positive responses to coaching activities also increased, from 66.93% in the first cycle to 82.31% in the third cycle.

Cryptolepine-transferrin nanosystem preparation and the anticancer effects on human malignant glioblastoma U87MG cells.

In this study, the synthesis and characterization of the human transferrin (hTf)-cryptolepine complex nanostructure were performed. The interaction of hTf in the forms of native and nanostructures with cryptolepine was evaluated through various spectroscopic methods, molecular docking, and molecular dynamic (MD) simulation studies. Finally, the anticancer mechanisms of the prepared complex nanostructure on the Human malignant glioblastoma U87MG cell line and normal astrocytes were assessed using cell viability, RT-PCR, and ELISA assays. The data showed that hTf and hTf-cryptolepine complex nanostructures exhibited particle sizes of 149.37 ± 28.98 and 161.85 ± 33.44 nm, and average zeta potential values of -11.85 ± 1.98 and -23.87 ± 2.202 mV, respectively. It was also found that the drug release behavior from the hTf-cryptolepine complex nanostructures displayed a pH-sensitive pattern, demonstrating a strong correlation with the Higuchi model and a moderate correlation with the Korsmeyer-Peppas model. Spectroscopy and MD simulation studies revealed that the interaction of hTf and cryptolepine did not induce significant changes in the structure of the protein. Moreover, binding parameters were determined to be greater for hTf-cryptolepine complex nanostructures compared to the hTf-cryptolepine complex. Cellular assays showed that the calculated IC50 concentrations of cryptolepine, hTf-cryptolepine complex, and hTf-cryptolepine complex nanostructures in Human malignant glioblastoma U87MG cells were 16.1, 14.31, and 4.60 μM, respectively. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that Human malignant glioblastoma U87MG cells treated with hTf-cryptolepine complex nanostructures had a more significant increase in caspase-3 expression and activity compared to free cryptolepine or the hTf-cryptolepine complex. In conclusion, this paper may hold great promise for the introduction of bionanotherapeutics, which require further evaluation in future studies.

Enrichment of antioxidant peptides by interfacial modification of oat polypeptides induced by zinc ions.

The pursuit of methods to enhance the purity of food-sourced bioactive peptides continues to pose significant challenges. This study introduces an innovative approach to enrich antioxidant peptides by using zinc ion coordination to augment the foaming capabilities of oat peptides. The resulting antioxidant peptide fraction (AF) accounted for 18% of the oat globulin hydrolysates, with a significant increase (22-47%) in scavenging activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), OH, and O2- radicals. Proteomics identified 479 peptide segments within AF, and the HipHop analysis further identified 340 antioxidant peptides. Notably, the larger peptides (7-23 amino acids) were the primary contributors to the antioxidant activity, featuring key pharmacophores, i.e., charge centers, hydrophobic centers, and hydrogen bond acceptors. The AF and its key monomers (DDTKTWPEDL, YSTDPANPTKSA, NKREQQSGNNIF, and QVGQSPQYQEG) exhibited potent inhibitory effects on tyrosinase (IC50, 18.60-46.20μg/mL) and provided strong inhibition against lipid oxidation, indicating great potential for applications in health supplements and food preservation.

Capturing changes in social functioning and positive affect using ecological momentary assessment during a 12-month trial of xanomeline and trospium chloride in schizophrenia.

Experiential negative symptoms (NS) are determinants of disability in schizophrenia (SCZ). Xanomeline/Trospium Chloride (X/T), an M1/M4 muscarinic receptor agonist, is an approved monotherapy for treatment of schizophrenia, including NS. We used remote ecological momentary assessments (EMA) to track changes in indicators of NS during 12months of outpatient treatment with X/T. After discontinuing previous medications, 566 outpatients with SCZ received open-label X/T monotherapy for up to 12months. Participants completed 3 EMA surveys 7days a week, one week a month. Surveys queried whether participants were home vs. away and alone vs with someone, as well as productive and unproductive activities, and moods. Hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) examined temporal changes and the relationships between the indicators of NS. 500 participants answered one or more EMA surveys and 350 met 33% adherence criteria, answering a total of 40,464 surveys, with overall adherence among these participants at 66%. During treatment with X/T, there were significant decreases in surveys at home (p<.001), alone (p<.001), and engaging in unproductive activities (p<.001). There were significant increases in productive activities both home (p<.001) and away (p<.001) and in positive affect (PA) (p<.001). Improvements in PA converged with reduced unproductive activities, particularly when others were present (p<.001). Behavioral indicators of NS improved early and were sustained with X/T treatment. Improvements were multidimensional, shifting toward more time with others, away from home, and engaged in productive activities. These improvements were associated with increases in PA, consistent with previous EMA studies of NS.

Assessing the Alkaline Phosphatase Levels as A Bone Biomarker in Gingival Crevicular Fluid during Semi-Rapid Expansion

In orthodontics, the expansion of the maxilla is done to treat transverse maxillary deficiency in childhood. The cause of maxillary constriction may be genetic or environmental leading to crowding of teeth, cross bite and development of malocclusions. This expansion leads to increased maxillary dimensions. Objectives: To detect changes in alkaline phosphatase level as a bone biomarker in crevicular fluid during the phases of semi-rapid palatal expansion. Methods: Fifteen growing patients with an age range from 8-13 years were selected who needed maxillary semi-rapid palatal expansion as a part of orthodontic treatment. This quasi-experimental study was based on a non-probability purposive sampling technique conducted from August 2023 to July 2024. The samples were collected by inserting paper points in the gingival sulcus. The Periodontal status was evaluated before starting the sampling. The probing depths were recorded at different levels throughout the study until the completion of the retention period. The alkaline phosphatase levels in the gingival crevicular fluid were measured at buccal and palatal sites before, during and in the retention period after treatment. The alkaline phosphatase values were compared using the ANOVA test at different points in time with p&lt;0.05 considered as statistically significant. Results: The ANOVA test showed a statistically significant increase in enzyme activity at different sites throughout maxillary semi-rapid palatal expansion treatment. Conclusions: It was concluded that the enzyme alkaline phosphatase as a biomarker is an indicator of active bone metabolism in growing children while going through the maxillary semi-rapid palatal expansion treatment.

XOR-Derived ROS in Tie2-Lineage Cells Including Endothelial Cells Promotes Aortic Aneurysm Progression in Marfan Syndrome.

Marfan syndrome (MFS) is an inherited disorder caused by mutations in the FBN1 gene encoding fibrillin-1, a matrix component of extracellular microfibrils. The main cause of morbidity and mortality in MFS is thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection, but the underlying mechanisms remain undetermined. To elucidate the role of endothelial XOR (xanthine oxidoreductase)-derived reactive oxygen species in aortic aneurysm progression, we inhibited in vivo function of XOR either by endothelial cell (EC)-specific disruption of the Xdh gene or by systemic administration of an XOR inhibitor febuxostat in MFS mice harboring the Fbn1 missense mutation p.(Cys1041Gly). We assessed the aberrant activation of mechanosensitive signaling in the ascending aorta of Fbn1C1041G/+ mice. Further analysis of human aortic ECs investigated the mechanisms by which mechanical stress upregulates XOR expression. We found a significant increase in reactive oxygen species generation in the ascending aorta of patients with MFS and Fbn1C1041G/+ mice, which was associated with a significant increase in protein expression and enzymatic activity of XOR protein in aortic ECs. Genetic disruption of Xdh in ECs or treatment with febuxostat significantly suppressed aortic aneurysm progression and improved perivascular infiltration of macrophages. Mechanistically, mechanosensitive signaling involving FAK (focal adhesion kinase)-p38 MAPK (p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase) and Egr-1 (early growth response-1) was aberrantly activated in the ascending aorta of Fbn1C1041G/+ mice, and mechanical stress on human aortic ECs upregulated XOR expression through Egr-1 upregulation. Consistently, EC-specific knockout of XOR or systemic administration of febuxostat in Fbn1C1041G/+ mice suppressed reactive oxygen species generation, FAK-p38 MAPK activation, and Egr-1 upregulation. Aberrant activation of mechanosensitive signaling in vascular ECs triggered endothelial XOR activation and reactive oxygen species generation, which contributes to the progression of aortic aneurysms in MFS. These findings highlight a drug repositioning approach using a uric acid-lowering drug febuxostat as a potential therapy for MFS.

Does Resveratrol Impact Oxidative Stress Markers in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer Receiving Home Enteral Nutrition?

Objectives: Resveratrol (RES) is well documented for its multiple health benefits, with a notable impact on cancer prevention and therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of RES supplementation on oxidative stress in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) receiving home enteral nutrition (HEN). Methods: This randomized, single-center, open-label study involved 72 adult patients, with 40 completing the intervention. Participants in the intervention group received 400 mg of liposomal RES daily for 12 weeks alongside HEN, while the control group received HEN only. Body composition and oxidative stress markers—including total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and reduced glutathione (GSH)—were measured at baseline and after 12 weeks. Results: Significant increases in TAC and SOD activity were observed in both groups. GPx activity increased significantly only in the RES group. MDA levels rose in both groups but were more pronounced in the RES group. GSH levels showed no significant changes. Phase angle (PhA) increased significantly in the RES group, while no significant change was observed in the control group. Conclusions: RES supplementation may enhance antioxidant defenses, as evidenced by increased GPx activity and improvements in TAC and SOD levels, supporting oxidative balance in patients with HNC receiving HEN. The higher MDA levels in the RES group may reflect RES’s dual antioxidant and pro-oxidant activities. Additionally, the observed increase in PhA suggests potential cellular health benefits. These findings highlight the potential of RES as a complementary antioxidant intervention in clinical oncology, warranting further investigation to clarify its therapeutic effects on oxidative stress and cellular health in cancer care.

A Bibliometric and Systematic Review of the Use of Recycled Composite Materials with an Emphasis on the Mechanical Performance of Structures

The paper provides a bibliometric and systematic review of the utilization of recycled composite materials, focusing on their mechanical performance in structural applications. Analyzing 1525 publications from the Web of Science database using VOSviewer, the study identifies trends, key topics, and collaboration networks. Findings show that recycled fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs) maintain up to 93% of their virgin tensile strength under optimal pyrolysis conditions, while mechanical recycling can reduce tensile properties by up to 29%. Advances in hybrid composites and recycling technologies have facilitated sustainable applications in the construction, transportation, and energy sectors. China is a dominant contributor to research on recycled composites, with the USA making strong contributions as well. Other countries, including England, India, and Germany, have active research communities, while nations such as Saudi Arabia, the Republic of Korea, and Spain demonstrate growing global participation in this field. The bibliometric analysis highlights a significant increase in global research activity, with key trends focusing on additive manufacturing, circular economy practices, and sustainability. Despite these advancements, challenges persist, including high operational costs and variability in recycled material quality. This review underscores the need for standardized protocols and improved lifecycle assessments to accelerate the adoption of recycled composites in engineering practices.

Feasibility, Acceptability, and Outcomes of Project Rally: Pilot Study of a YMCA-Based Pickleball Program for Cancer Survivors

Background: Physical activity helps cancer survivors ameliorate physiological and psychosocial effects of disease and treatments. However, few cancer survivors meet physical activity recommendations, with many facing barriers such as limited interest, enjoyment, and social support. It is critical to develop enjoyable and supportive physical activity programs to improve well-being among the growing population of cancer survivors. Pickleball is increasingly popular due to its unique combination of physical activity, friendly competition, and social interaction, making it a promising strategy to increase and sustain physical activity in cancer survivorship. Objective: We examined feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary outcomes in a single-arm pilot study of Project Rally, a YMCA-based pickleball program for adult cancer survivors. Results: Twenty-one cancer survivors and seven family or friend partners enrolled in Project Rally with a targeted program duration of 3–7 months. All programming and study assessments occurred at a single YMCA with coaching and supervision from a YMCA exercise trainer and certified pickleball coach. Feasibility and acceptability were strong and met a priori targets for recruitment, retention, intervention adherence, and ratings of program aspects. Participants demonstrated significant increases in physical activity and improvements in aspects of fitness, physical functioning, and social support. Conclusion: These results will inform further development of the Project Rally program to increase physical activity and improve cancer survivorship outcomes, including efforts to expand the program’s scale and reach more survivors via community-based delivery.

АКТИВНОСТЬ ФЕРМЕНТОВ АЗОТНОГО ЦИКЛА АГРОЧЕРНОЗЕМОВ В УСЛОВИЯХ ПЕРЕХОДА НА МИНИМАЛЬНЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ ОБРАБОТКИ

The purpose of research is to reveal the effect of plowless soil loosening on the nature of the transformation of the fractional composition of easily hydrolysable nitrogen compounds. Observations were carried out at the stationary site of LLC “OPKh “Dary Malinovki” of the Sukhobuzimsky District in the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe. The object of research was ordinary chernozem, medium-humus, medium-thick, heavy loamy on red-brown clay. During the growing season, soil samples were taken three times from layers 0–10, 10–20 cm by randomization. The following variants of experience were studied: 1) dump (st); 2) minimal (disking); 3) flat-cut cultivation. In 2017, the land was cultivated according to the type of early fallow, and in 2018, spring wheat of the Novosibirskaya-31 variety was sown at the experimental station, and in 2019, barley of the Acha variety was sown. The level of protease activity of the soil of the studied variants was assessed as high. The value of proteolytic activity was maximum on the soil cultivated with a mouldboard plow. Surface tillage with disc implements determined a significant decrease in protease activity in the 0–10 cm layer by the end of the life cycle of spring wheat. On the other hand, loosening with a flat cutter contributed to a significant increase in protease activity in the 0–10 cm layer. The use of flat-cut cultivation was accompanied by an increase in urease activity, mainly in the subseed layer. The use of disk tools significantly weakened the level of urea hydrolysis and shifted its maximum by a layer of 10–20 cm.

Dietary Administration of Karonda (Carissa carandas) on the Growth, Digestive Enzymes, Skin Mucosal Immunity, and Pigmentation in Siamese Fighting Fish (Betta splendens)

Karonda (Carissa carandas) fruit contains natural colorants; however, no research has investigated its effects on fish growth and coloration. Thus, this study examined the impacts of C. carandas fruit powder (CCFP) on growth, skin mucosal immunity, digestive enzymes, and pigmentation in Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens). Flavonoids (15.97 ± 0.48 mg quercetin equivalent/g CCFP), phenolics (43.52 ± 1.73 mg gallic acid equivalent/g CCFP), terpenoids (350.00 ± 15.66 mg linalool equivalent/g CCFP), tannins (40.97 ± 0.15 mg tannic acid equivalent/g CCFP), carotenoids (5.53 ± 0.73 µg/g CCFP), and β-carotene (0.67 ± 0.05 µg/g CCFP) were estimated in CCFP. In the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay, CCFP showed antioxidant activity with an IC50 of 256.12 ± 7.68 μg/ml. Fish (0.42 ± 0.02 g weight and 3.20 ± 0.07 cm length) were fed diets containing CCFP at 0 (control), 3, 6, and 9 g/kg for 8 weeks. The results showed that CCFP administration significantly enhanced final weight, length, weight gain, specific growth rate, and average daily gain (p &lt; 0.05). No changes in feed conversion ratio, survival, and condition factor were observed (p &gt; 0.05). Dietary CCFP significantly increased skin mucus lysozyme, alkaline phosphatase, IgM, myeloperoxidase, total protein, antioxidant capacity, catalase, and superoxide dismutase. Fish treated with CCFP showed significant increases in intestinal protease, lipase, and amylase activity, as well as skin, muscle, and fin carotenoid levels. In conclusion, the administration of CCFP at 9 g/kg is optimal for improving growth, digestive enzymes, skin mucosal immunity, and pigmentation in B. splendens.

Abstract P006: Partial tumor volume irradiation by 177Lu-PNT6555 induces diverse immune responses in a syngeneic murine tumor model

Abstract Purpose/Objective: Radiopharmaceutical therapy (RPT) enables the systemic delivery of an inherently heterogeneous dose of radiation. The RPT dose heterogeneity is created by a tumor’s non-uniform perfusion and the variation in RPT target expression. Radiation therapy is known to immunomodulate the tumor microenvironment (TME) in a dose-dependent manner. The hypothesis is that RPT with a heterogeneous distribution, delivering a low to high dose gradient in a single TME, will activate multiple dose dependent immune effects that are more effective in promoting priming of adaptive immunity compared to a more homogenous distribution of RPT. Methods: RPT was administered using PNT6555, a fibroblast activation protein alpha targeting agent, and uptake was confirmed with B16 murine melanoma. The B16 cell line is engineered to overexpress mouse fibroblast activation protein alpha (mFAP). The engineered B16 was implanted either alone to form a tumor with 100% mFAP expression (B16-mFAP+) or in a mixture with the parental cell line to create a heterogeneous expression of mFAP (mixed B16-mFAP+/B16-mFAP-). Utilizing the SPECT/CT data and ex vivo biodistribution, image-based dosimetry for 177Lu-PNT6555 was performed using the Monte-Carlo-based RAPID platform. C57BL/6 mice bearing B16-mFAP+ or mixed B16-mFAP+/mFAP- tumors were treated with non-radiolabeled PNT6555, 5, 10, 20 or 40 Gy on day 0. Tumors were harvested on day 7 post-treatment. RT-qPCR was performed to evaluate the type I interferon response and tumor immune susceptibility markers. Mice bearing B16-mFAP+ or mixed B16-mFAP+/mFAP- received a mean tumor dose of 5 Gy 177Lu-PNT6555. Mice were monitored for tumor growth and overall survival. In a separate cohort, tumors and tumor draining lymph nodes (TDLN) were harvested at days 4, 7, and 12 post-injection. Flow cytometry was performed on the tumor to evaluate immune infiltration and TDLN to evaluate dendritic cell and B cell activation. Statistical significance was determined by a one-way ANOVA (flow) or Kaplan-Meier with log-rank testing (therapy). Results: Optimal upregulation of immune-related genes by 177Lu-PNT6555 occurred at 2.5 Gy for Icam, 10 Gy for Ifnβ1, and 20 Gy for H2-K1 (murine gene coding MHCI). A heterogeneous delivery of 5 Gy to mice bearing mixed B16-mFAP+/mFAP- resulted in upregulation of all three genes in a single TME. For the therapy study, a heterogeneous distribution of 5 Gy 177Lu-PNT6555 significantly increased overall survival compared to a homogenous distribution. Flow cytometry revealed a significant increase in dendritic cell activation by CD80 and MHCII expression in the 5 Gy 177Lu-PNT6555 with heterogeneous distribution. Additionally, there was a significant increase in infiltration of CD4+ cells, CD8+ cells, NK cells and B cells as well as preservation of CD8+ cell in the 5 Gy 177Lu-PNT6555 with heterogeneous distribution. Conclusions: These preclinical studies demonstrate the capacity of a heterogeneous dose of RPT to enhance the immunomodulatory effect of RPT and improve overall survival in a monotherapy setting. Citation Format: Maya E. Takashima, Ohyun Kwon, Shin Hye Ahn, Anthony Belanger, Won Jong Jin, Charlotte Sawicki, Paul A. Clark, Tessa Chen, Ria Kumari, Bryan Bednarz, Zachary S. Morris. Partial tumor volume irradiation by 177Lu-PNT6555 induces diverse immune responses in a syngeneic murine tumor model.[abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: Translating Targeted Therapies in Combination with Radiotherapy; 2025 Jan 26-29; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2025;31(2_Suppl):Abstract nr P006

Enhancing Probiotic, Sensory, and Antioxidant Properties of Polygonatum sibiricum Red. and Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge through Lactic Acid Fermentation for Functional Food Development

Abstract This study explores the use of Polygonatum sibiricum Red. and Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge as edible-medicine homology ingredients through lactic acid fermentation to enhance probiotic content, sensory quality, and antioxidant properties. Using a mixed culture of Lactobacillus plantarum AS1.2437 and Lactobacillus casei CICC21019, the fermentation significantly increased lactic acid bacteria counts, improved taste, and boosted antioxidant activities, particularly in reducing Fe3+ and scavenging DPPH and ABTS free radicals (P &amp;lt; 0.05). During fermentation, changes in reducing sugars, total acids, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and amino acid compositions were monitored. Results showed significant increases in total phenols, flavonoids, SOD activity, and polysaccharide content (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Essential amino acids increased by 4.86%, and therapeutic amino acids rose from 50.88% to 53.59%. The Boltzmann model effectively captured these changes, achieving a high coefficient of determination (R2 &amp;gt; 0.99), indicating strong predictive accuracy. Key organic acids like lactic, acetic, and tartaric acids contributed to enhanced antioxidant activity. This research provides a comprehensive understanding of the physicochemical, medicinal, and antioxidant properties of the fermented Polygonatum sibiricum Red. and C. pinnatifida Bunge (PsR.-CpB.) enzyme, establishing a theoretical foundation for developing functional foods aligned with the edible-medicine homology concept.