Significant Increase In BMI Research Articles

Ultraprocessed food intake and body mass index change among youths: a prospective cohort study

BackgroundSuboptimal diets may promote undesired weight gain in youths, with high ultraprocessed food (UPF) intake becoming a significant concern in the United States. ObjectivesWe evaluated the association between UPF intake and body mass index [BMI (in kg/m2)] change in large United States youth cohorts. MethodsParticipants included children and adolescents (7–17 y) from the Growing Up Today Study (GUTS1 and GUTS2) who completed baseline and ≥1 follow-up diet and anthropometrics assessment (GUTS1 1996–2001: N = 15,797; GUTS2 2004–2011: N = 9720). Follow-up years were based on diet assessment availability. UPFs were categorized using the Nova system, with intakes evaluated as the cumulative mean percent energy from UPFs and subgroups. BMI was assessed using self-reported body weight/height. Changes in BMI annually and over 2, 4–5, and 7 y in association with UPF intake were examined using multivariable repeated-measure linear mixed models. ResultsAt baseline, the mean percentage of energy from UPFs was 49.9% in GUTS1 and 49.5% in GUTS2 participants; mean BMI was 18.7 and 19.8, respectively. After multivariable adjustments for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, each 10% increment in UPF intake was associated with a 0.01 (95% confidence interval: 0.003, 0.03) increase annually and a 0.07 (0.01, 0.13) increase over 5 y in GUTS1 participants. In GUTS2, increases were 0.02 (0.003, 0.04) annually and 0.09 (0.01, 0.18) over 4 y. Among GUTS1, statistically significant annual BMI increases of 0.02–0.07 were associated with elevated intake of ultraprocessed breakfast cereals, savory snacks, and ready-to-eat/heat foods, especially pizza, burgers, and sandwiches. No association was found between UPF intake and overweight/obesity risk. ConclusionsA higher UPF intake was associated with a modest yet significant increase in BMI in large prospective cohorts of United States youths, calling for public health efforts to promote healthful food intake among youths to prevent excessive weight gain.

Insulin Resistance in Pediatric Migraine

Abstract Background Migraine is a common complaint in the pediatric population with a prevalence ranging from 3% to 10%. Several studies among adult population defined a link between migraine and insulin resistance (IR), however data among pediatric population is scarce, thus the aim of the current study is to assess the relation between IR and migraine among pediatric patients with migraine. Patients and Methods A case control study that was conducted on children aged between 4 and 16 years; 30 were patients with migraine who were recruited from the pediatric neurology department and 40 were healthy. The diagnosis of migraine was according to the criteria of the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD) -II criteria. Anthropometric measurements of all patients were assessed. Insulin resistance was assessed by Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI equation). Results The mean age of patients with migraine was 10.03 ± 2.16 years with male predominance. Most of the patients (80%) were pre-pubertal. Headache with aura was present in 13 (43.3%), family history was present in 24 (80%), bilateral headache was the most common among our patients (71.4%). There was significant increase in BMI among migraine group (P = 0.03). 50% of migraine patients were overweight, 20% were obese. Incidence of insulin resistance by HOMA-IR and by QUICKI was significantly higher among patients with migraine (P = 0.007 and 0.033) respectively. Conclusion based on our results, it can be concluded that migraine is associated with insulin resistance in 36.7% of patients.

Insulinothérapie fonctionnelle chez les diabétiques de type 1: Impact à court terme sur le poids et les apports nutritionnels

Flexible insulin therapy is currently considered the gold standard therapy of type 1 diabetes. We aimed to study the evolution of glycemic control, weight and nutritional intake of a group of patients with type 1 diabetes, three months after the initiation of functional insulin therapy (FIT). This was a prospective longitudinal study having included 30 type 1 diabetic patients hospitalized for education to FIT. Each patient underwent an assessment of glycemic control (glycated hemoglobin (A1C) and number of hypoglycemia), weight and nutritional intake before FIT and 3 months after the initiation of this educative approach. The mean age of patients was 21,8 ± 7,9 years and the sex ratio was 0,5. The mean duration of diabetes was 7,2 ± 6 years. Three months after initiation of FIT, we observed a significant lowering of A1C, which went from 9,2 ± 1,6% to 8,3 ± 1,4% (p<0,001) of the number of minor hypoglycemia (p=0,001) and that of severe hypoglycemia (p= 0,021). the average weight went from 64,6 ± 13,1 kg to 65,5 ± 13,5 kg (p = 0,040) with a significant increase in BMI (p = 0,041). Weight gain was observed in 67% of patients. This weight gain contrasted with a significant decrease in caloric (p = 0,040) and in carbohydrates intakes (p = 0,027). Weight gain, associated with better glycemic control, should encourage the healthcare team to strengthen therapeutic education of patients undergoing FIT in order to limit weight gain.

Unlocking the potential of virtual reality to expand treatment frontiers for bulimia nervosa: a pilot study to explore the impact of virtual reality-enhanced cognitive-behavioral therapy

The primary objective of this study is to assess the efficacy of a Virtual Reality (VR) intervention when compared to an integrated multimodal medically managed Inpatient Program (IP) in a cohort of 24 female patients diagnosed with Bulimia Nervosa (BN). Psychological measures (i.e., EDI-2) were assessed at three points: pre-treatment, post-treatment, and at 1-month follow-up. Behavioral measures (i.e., BMI) were evaluated at 6 different time points, instead (i.e., pre-treatment, post-treatment, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months from the discharge date). The VR treatment was more effective in improving the EDI subscales EDI-DT (i.e., drive for thinness) and EDI-BU (i.e., binging-purging behaviors). In particular, patients in the VR condition showed a reduced EDI-BU score at 1-month follow-up and post-test in comparison to the pre-test, as well as a lower EDI-DT score at 1-month follow-up compared to the pre-test. Conversely, no significant changes were noted in the IP group for either subscale. Regarding the behavioral measures, the group undergoing the VR condition reported the maintenance of the BMI in the long term compared to the IP. Specifically, in the VR group BMI decreased from the pre- to post-test, and from the pre-test to the 12-month follow-up. In the IP group, BMI improved from the pre- to the post-test, and from the pre-test to the 12-month follow-up. However, a relapse pattern was observed in the IP condition during the follow-up period, with a significant BMI increase from the post-test to the 9-month follow-up, from the 3 to the 9-month follow-up, from the 6 to the 9-month follow-up, and a decrease of BMI between the 9 and the 12-month follow-up. In conclusion, these results suggest that integrating VR treatment into the care of individuals with BN could enhance both immediate and sustained treatment outcomes. This may offer valuable insights for future studies to expand and delve deeper into the field of EDs.

Elevated BMI impacts brain-state dynamics within the sensorimotor-to-transmodal hierarchy.

Overweight and obesity, as commonly indicated by a higher BMI, are associated with functional alterations in the brain, which may potentially result in cognitive decline and emotional illness. However, the manner in which these detrimental impacts manifest in the brain's dynamic characteristics remains largely unknown. Based on two independent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data sets (Behavioral-Brain Research Project of Chinese Personality, n = 1923; Human Connectome Project, n = 998), the current study employed a Hidden Markov modelto identify the spatiotemporal features of brain activity states. Subsequently, the study examined the changes in brain-state dynamics and the corresponding functional outcomes that arise with an increase in BMI. Elevated BMI tends to shift the brain's activity states toward a greater emphasis on a specific set of states, i.e., the metastate, that are relevant to the joint activities of sensorimotor systems, making it harder to transfer to the metastate of transmodal systems. These findings were reconfirmed in a longitudinal sample (Behavioral-Brain Research Project of Chinese Personality, n = 34) that exhibited a significant increase in BMI at follow-up. Importantly, the alternation of brain-state dynamics specifically mediated the relationships between BMI and adverse functional outcomes, including cognitive decline and symptoms of mental illness. The altered brain-state dynamics within the sensorimotor-to-transmodal hierarchy provide new insights into obesity-related brain dysfunctions and mental health issues.

Association of vitamin D deficiency with demographic, metabolic and sex hormone levels in polycystic ovarian syndrome

Introduction: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a most prevalent endocrine disorder characterized by various clinical manifestations, including menstrual irregularities, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovaries. Severe vitamin D deficiency is more frequent in women with PCOS than in general females and has been associated with various metabolic disorders, comprising insulin resistance, blood pressure, obesity, and menstrual abnormalities. This study aimed to investigate the correlation among deficiency of vitamin D and demographic characteristics, metabolic parameters, and sex hormone levels of PCOS women from southern India. Materials and Methods: A case-control study involving 240 individuals comprised 120 women meeting the Rotterdam criteria for PCOS and 120 healthy age-matched controls. Various parameters, including anthropometric data, fasting blood sugar (FBS) levels, hormone levels, and vitamin D status, were assessed. Results: The results showed that participants with PCOS had significant increases in BMI, FBS, insulin, and HOMAIR levels. Triglyceride levels were significantly higher according to the lipid profile when compared to the control group, additional hormonal testing on PCOS patients revealed significantly higher levels of the LH: FSH ratio and testosterone. Women with PCOS showed significant low levels of 25(OH) D when compared to healthy women. Conclusion: Our findings revealed an association between low levels of 25(OH)D and the manifestation of symptoms related to metabolic syndrome in PCOS women. Therefore, vitamin D supplementation may have the potential to improve the underlying pathophysiology of PCOS.

Understanding the Impact of Vitamin B Supplements on a Saudi Population.

Introduction B vitamins help generate energy within cells. A significant portion of populations in developed countries suffer a deficiency in one or more B vitamins. This study assesses the use of vitamin B supplements and their effects. Methodology This cross-sectional study was conducted using public participants in Saudi Arabia. Participants from all over Saudi Arabia were recruited through self-conducted surveys to study the effects of using vitamin B supplements on appetite, BMI, energy, and sleep, and to identify any side effects in participants. Inclusion criteria included age (18 years or older) and use of vitamin B supplements. Children, pregnant women, adults who had never used vitamin B, and those not willing to participate in the study were excluded. Results In total, 1,521 adults were recruited. Most of the participants were young Saudi Females.While taking vitamin B supplements, a minority of participants complained of mild gastrointestinal upset, but a significant proportion experienced no side effects. In this study, a significant proportion of participants experienced an increase in appetite, which was associated with a significant increase in BMI after taking vitamin B supplements. This study also explored increases in energy, which were significant and associated with significant increases in sleeping time. Male participants in the present study noticed a significant increase in erectile dysfunction (ED). Conclusions This study found significant effects of vitamin B supplements on BMI, appetite, energy, and sleep, as well as an increase in ED in male participants. More studies are needed to further explore these findings.

Influence of diet quality on nutritional status of school-aged children and adolescents in Zanzibar, Tanzania.

Malnutrition among young children and adolescents poses a serious health challenge in developing countries which results in many health problems during adulthood. Poor diet quality is known as the root cause of malnutrition which is caused by unhealthy food choices and bad eating habits among young children and adolescents. However, limited evidence is available on diet quality and its association with nutrition status among young children and adolescents in Zanzibar. This study examined the diet quality and its relationship with the nutritional status of school-aged children and adolescents in Zanzibar. Data for this study was obtained from the cross-sectional survey of School Health and Nutrition (SHN) conducted in Zanzibar. The survey recruited children aged 5-19 years from 93 schools in Zanzibar. A seven-day food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess dietary intake. Prime Dietary Quality Score (PDQS) consisted of 21 food groups was then constructed to assess the diet quality of school-aged children and adolescents. Body mass index (BMI-for-age Z-score) was used as the indicator of nutrition status. Both linear and logistic regression analysis techniques were used to determine the associations between BMI and PDQS. A total data of 2,556 children were enrolled in the survey. The prevalence of thinness was 8.1%, normal 82.1%, overweight 7.2% and obesity 2.6%. The mean (SD) PDQS score was 18.8 (3.2) which ranged from 8 to 33. Consumptions of green leafy vegetables (49.3%), yellow or red fruits (37.8%), legumes (38.3%), fish (36.3%), and vegetable oil (31.5%) were up to three times per week, whereas consumptions of white vegetables (77.3%), cooked vegetables (32.6%), citrus fruits (66.8%), other types of fruits (66.2%), nuts (46.4%), poultry (49.6%), whole grains (61%) and eggs (67.8%) were less than once per week. In terms of unhealthy foods, eating fried foods was reported by 26.3% up to three times per week, and 31.5% reported consuming sweets and ice cream up to three times in the past week. High PDQS was significantly associated with a reduction in BMI of children (p< 0.005). For each unit increase in the consumption of unhealthy foods such as fried foods, cooked vegetables and refined grains there is a significant increase in BMI. The odds of being obese decrease significantly as diet quality increases from the first to third quintile of PDQS (AOR = 0.2, 0.04-0.89 95% CI, p = 0.035). Consumption of high quality diet was found to be associated with a reduction in excessive weight among school-aged children and adolescents in Zanzibar. There is a need for interventions targeting to reduce unhealthy food consumption in school environment. Further research should be conducted to assess diet quality using PDQS among young children and adolescents.

Impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on physical fitness among college women living in China

Purposes The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the COVID-19 lockdown on physical fitness among college women living in China and to explore how fitness changed with different physical conditions. Methods We performed repeated measures of BMI, 800 m running and sit-up performance assessment on college women from one university in China pre and post the COVID-19 lockdown. A total of 3658 (age 19.15 ± 1.08 yr.) college women who completed the same assessment pre and post the COVID-19 lockdown were included in the analysis. We analyzed the data using one way ANOVA and paired-samples t-test. Results Due to the COVID-19 lockdown, the result shows a significant increase in BMI by 2.91% (95% CI =0.33, 0.40) and a significant decline in 800 m running and sit-up by 7.97% (95% CI =0.69, 0.77) and 4.91% (95% CI = −0.27, −0.19), respectively. College women in the highest quartile level of physical condition (Quartile 4) had more decreases than college women in the lowest quartile level (Quartile 1). Their BMI level was increased by 3.69% and 0.98% in college women in Quartile 4 and Quartile 1, respectively. Their performance of 800 m running was decreased by 9.32% and 7.37% in college women in Quartile 4 and Quartile 1, respectively. Their performance of sit-up was decreased by 13.88% in college women in Quartile 4 while it increased by 10.91% in college women in Quartile 1, respectively. Conclusions The COVID-19 lockdown might increase the BMI level and decrease 800 m running and sit-up performance among college women living in China. The decrease for college women in higher quartile level of physical condition (Quartile 4) were more seriously while college women in lower quartile level of physical condition (Quartile 1) were modest.

Liraglutide ameliorates diabetic-induced testicular dysfunction in male rats: role of GLP-1/Kiss1/GnRH and TGF-β/Smad signaling pathways.

Introduction: Glucagon-like peptide -1 (GLP-1) is released by intestinal cells to stimulate glucose-dependent insulin release from the pancreas. GLP-1 has been linked to ameliorating obesity and/or diabetic complications as well as controlling reproductive function. Liraglutide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) with 97% homology with GLP-1. The main objective of this study was to investigate the ameliorative role of liraglutide in diabetic-induced reproductive dysfunction in male rats. Methods: Rats were randomly allocated into 3 groups; a control group, a diabetic group, and a liraglutide-treated diabetic group. Results: In the diabetic group, a significant increase in BMI, FBG, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, TC, TAG, LDL, IL6, TNFα, and MDA, as well as decreased serum insulin, HDL, GSH, total testosterone, LH, and FSH, were shown compared to the control group. Furthermore, A significant downregulation in relative hypothalamic gene expression of GLP-1R, PPAR-α, PGC-1α, kiss, kiss1R, leptin, leptin R, GnRH GLP-1R, testicular PGC-1α, PPARα, kiss1, kiss1R, STAR, CYP17A1, HSD17B3, CYP19A, CYP11A1, and Smad7, as well as upregulation in hypothalamic GnIH and testicular TGF- β and Smad2 expression, were noticed compared to the control group. Liraglutide treatment significantly improved such functional and structural reproductive disturbance in diabetic rats. Conclusion: GLP-1RAs ameliorated the deleterious effects of diabetes on reproductive function by targeting GLP-1/leptin/kiss1/GnRH, steroidogenesis, and TGF- β/Smad pathways.

Upper Airway Changes and OSAS Risk in Patients after Mandibular Setback Surgery to Treat III Class Skeletal Malocclusion.

Mandibular setback surgery (MSS) is one of the treatment options to resolve mandibular prognathism in patients suffering from skeletal class III malocclusion, which cannot be treated with simple orthodontic treatment. The mandibular setback surgical operation can involve changes in the pharyngeal morphology, resulting in a narrowing of the posterior airway space (PAS). This aspect is associated with an increase in airflow resistance, which increases the risk of developing snoring or obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). The aim of this study is to evaluate the medium- and long-term effects of mandibular setback surgery on the upper airways and its possible association with OSAS in patients suffering from class III skeletal malocclusion. A total of 12 patients (5 males and 7 females) were enrolled in this study. The statistical tests highlighted a significant change in the PAS and BMI values in relation to T0, before surgery (PAS: 12.7 SD: 1.2; BMI: 21.7 SD: 1.2), and T1, after surgery (PAS: 10.3 SD: 0.6, p < 0.01; BMI: 23.8 SD: 1.2, p < 0.05). Sample size was calculated to detect an effect size of 0.9, with statistical power set at 0.8 and the significance level set at 0.05. No statistically significant correlation was found between the extent of mandibular setback, PAS and BMI change. This study confirms the effects of mandibular setback surgery on the upper airways, reporting a statistically significant PAS reduction in the medium- and long-term follow-up. On the other hand, no direct correlation was identified with OSAS risk, at least for the small mandibular setback (<8 mm), despite the statistically significant increase in BMI.

Every second adult inhabitant of Poland (aged 18-64) is overweight - results of representative cross-sectional studies conducted in 2017-2020.

Being overweight or obese increases the risk of numerous serious diseases and health conditions. It is also a reason for an increased risk of disability. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of general and abdominal obesity and overweight in Polish adults. A total of 2,000 individuals randomly selected from the Polish population were evaluated. The group included 999 men aged 19-64. Analyses were based on the standardized measurements of weight, height and waist circumference. Excess body weight was noted in 51% of respondents (55% of men, 47% of women). There was a significant increase in BMI with age (19-30 years: 24.15 ± 3.93, 31-50 years: 25.75 ± 4.15 and 51-64 years: 27.23 ± 4.69kg/m2). Men were over 43% more likely to develop excess body weight than women (OR = 1.438). The odds increased with age (OR = 1.046). Abdominal overweight was found in 21.2%, and abdominal obesity in 27.2% of respondents. The prevalence of abdominal obesity was higher in women (39.6%) than in men (14.1%). The prevalence of abdominal obesity and overweight increased with age (19-30 years: 32.1%, 31-50 years: 47.9% and 51-64 years: 66.2%). Excess body weight occurs much more commonly in men than in women, with women suffering from obesity more often. The visceral distribution of the adipose tissue dominates in the Polish population, which is a serious risk factor for metabolic diseases. The chances of developing abdominal obesity in the studied population increase with age. Determining the risk of diet-related diseases requires further analyses comprising physical activity and nutrition against socio-demographic data.

The consequences of confinement on patients followed at the heart failure treatment unit (HFTU): experience of the cardiology department – CHU Ibn Rochd-Casablanca

Introduction In the absence of effective treatment for SARS-Cov2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), social distancing and containment measures are the most effective ways to fight the pandemic to date. Nevertheless, these latter measures may have repercussions in particular on heart failure. Objective To assess the impact of confinement in patients followed in the heart failure treatment unit at the cardiology department of Ibn Rochd hospital. Method We selected a random sample of patients followed in HFTU. We collected their demographic data as well as the evolution of their symptoms, their clinical parameters, biological, and their lifestyles at the beginning of the confinement and 1 year later. Results We included 100 patients at random. We found a significant increase in BMI of 6.85 kg/m2. The rate of sedentary lifestyle rose by 40% and 63.9% of patients increased their salt intake by more than 4 g/day. We noted a worsening of heart failure symptoms. Thus, 10.6% of patients with stage 2 dyspnea progressed to NYHA stage 3 (32.4 vs. 40.5%), while the percentage of patients with IMO increased by 21.5%. 11 deaths for end-stage heart failure, 38 hospitalizations for heart failure flare-ups including 12 patients following a deviation from diet and treatment, 10 to a rhythm disorder, 8 to an ischemic flare-up, 6 to a pulmonary embolism and 2 patients following a SARS COV2 infection. Conclusion The sanitary confinement has had a significant impact on patients followed for heart failure, from where the need to restructure our healthcare system and develop remote therapeutic education.

Determination of serum zinc concentration in normal healthy men &amp; type II diabetes mellitus patients.

Body zinc content is regulated by the homeostatic mechanism, which regulate zinc absorption and excretion depending on its body requirements. The function of cells and tissues enzymes is depend zinc content &amp; over 70 human body enzymes with which zinc is associated. Pervious studies show that some trace elements like magnesium, zinc, manganese &amp; selenium may play important role in action of insulin hormone, including activation of insulin receptor sites. The aim of the study is to determine the serum level of zinc in normal healthy men &amp; diabetes mellitus type II patients. A cross sectional study was done in Tikrit teaching hospital from beginning of January to end of December 2010. The study conducted on 50 type 2 diabetic male patients was participated in the study. While, 30 normal healthy men age matched (aged 55 to 60 years) were included as a control. Serum zinc was measured for control healthy non diabetic subjects &amp; diabetic type 2 patients. There were non significant differences regarding age. However there is significant increase in BMI of diabetic patients as compare with control men. Fasting serum glucose was significantly higher in DM patients as compare with control subjects. Moreover, there is significant reduction in serum zinc in diabetic patients (89.35 ± 19.23 µg/dl) as compare with normal health subjects (135 ± 35.18 µg/dl). In diabetic patients, there is significant negative correlation between fasting blood sugar &amp; serum zinc (r= - 0.37). In present study conclude that there is a significant reduction in serum zinc in diabetic patients. The present study recommend that diabetic type II patients should be encourage to eat diet rich in zinc or take zinc supplement.

Surgical Intervention Could Relieve Obstruction-Related Symptoms of Refractory Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome: Long-Term Follow-up Results.

Superior mesenteric artery syndrome (SMAS) is one of the rare causes of chronic duodenal obstruction. The aim of our study was to evaluate the outcomes of surgical management of refractory SMAS (Re-SMAS) in our institution during the last decade. Consecutive patients diagnosed as Re-SMAS and underwent surgical intervention were retrospectively enrolled. A modified Likert-scale-based questionnaire was used to quantify the symptoms of SMAS. The primary outcome was the increase of BMI and symptomatic relief after surgery. From January 2010 to January 2020, 22 patients diagnosed with Re-SMAS and underwent surgery were included. Age distribution of included patients were < 19 (10/22, 45%), 19-45 (11/22, 50%), and > 45 (1/22, 5%). A significant BMI increase was recorded, [16.1 (14.6-23.7) kg/m2 vs 21.9 (15.6-29.5) kg/m2 before and after surgery, respectively, p < 0.001]. Up to 20 patients (20/22, 91%) reported symptomatic relief. The obstruction-related symptom score decreasing significantly (p < 0.001), with reported nausea, vomiting, and regurgitation incidences dropping from 77 to 41% (p = 0.031), 68 to 23% (p = 0.006), and 32 to 5% (p = 0.046), respectively. Surgical interventions could relieve obstruction-related symptoms of Re-SMAS and promote weight gain. For patients who suffered from Re-SMAS and referred to surgeons mainly for obstruction-related symptoms, surgical intervention is recommended.

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on obesity among adults in Jordan.

COVID-19 is a severe acute respiratory syndrome that mainly affects the human respiratory system. Unhealthy nutritional habits and obesity are expected as consequences of protective measures including quarantine. Obesity, in its growing prevalence, is a worldwide health issue associated with worsening health conditions. This is a cross-sectional study to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on obesity among Jordanian adults and across epidemiological statuses. Participants were randomly selected, and the survey was distributed on social media networking sites. A total of 672 subjects were surveyed and participated in the study between March and June 2021 via Google Form questionnaire. The results indicated that 74.4% of participants reported that they did not do any physical activity, and 43.5% changed their lifestyle and eating habits for the worse. During the COVID-19 pandemic, almost half of the participants reported an increase in hunger, consuming 3-4 meals/day, and consuming < 1 liter of water/day. Additionally, more than half of the participants reported no change in fat, cereals, and protein consumption, 46.4 % had no change in fruit and vegetable consumption, and 50.6% increased their consumption of sweets. Our results showed a significant increase in the self-reported BMI categories during the COVID-19 pandemic for all ages (p < 0.001). Change in weight and BMI was significantly associated with marital status, education level, living place, family size, family working members, and working status. Participants across all epidemiological statuses displayed a statistically significant increase in BMI. This study was conducted to observe the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on health behaviors and obesity among Jordanian adults and across epidemiological statuses. We found that there were significant negative changes in the lifestyle (physical activity) and eating behaviors of Jordanians during the COVID-19 quarantine which in turn increased their body weight and changed the obesity rate.

PS-B11-11: IMPLICATIONS OF OBESITY ON MALE FERTILITY HORMONES

Background: The prevalence of obesity is alarming, with prevalence reported from 24 to 36% in developed worlds and a global estimate of adult obesity at over 11%. The relationship between obesity and infertility in men has been emphasized in multiple studies. However, there is a paucity of studies on the disparity between obese and overweight men fertility profiles. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the sex hormones distribution in overweight and obese men. Method: A retrospective case-control study on reproductive hormones in obese and overweight participants was conducted on 789 NHANES 2015–2016 survey data. Of the 789 participants, 229 were control, 270 were overweight, and 290 were obese between 18–80 years of age. We compared the mean plasma level of testosterone, estradiol, and Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG) among the groups using one-way ANOVA and mean differences using Tamhane post hoc tests. Results: There was a significant increase in the mean testosterone, and SHBG levels in the control group compared with overweight and obese subjects. However, a significant increase in mean estradiol was observed in the obese compared with overweight and control groups. Interestingly, there was no significant difference in the estradiol level between the control and overweight groups. There was a significant increase in BMI in the obese group compared with overweight, and control groups. Conclusion: Obesity has negative feedback effects on testosterone and SHBG production. However, an unknown mechanism contributes to the lower estradiol level in overweight relative to obese men. Therefore, there is a need to research the molecular basis of fertility hormone metabolism in obese and overweight men.

PMON188 Frequency of Hemoglobin A1c and Body Mass Index Increase in Youth at Risk for Developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Abstract BACKGROUND: Childhood obesity rates continue to increase and have progressed with the COVID-19 pandemic. Obesity is associated with comorbidities, including prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). The frequency of HbA1c progression in overweight/obese children during the COVID-19 pandemic is not well reported. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the frequency of HbA1c and BMI increase in overweight/obese youth at risk of developing T2D during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODOLOGY: A retrospective chart review of patients followed in a pediatric endocrinology clinic with overweight/obesity and concern of developing T2D was conducted. We included patients who were seen pre-pandemic (June 2019 to May 2020) and again after the pandemic onset (June 2020 to May 2021). We chose June 2020 as the pandemic onset since our clinic resumed in-person visits at this time. Demographic and clinical data, including BMI and HbA1c, were collected in the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods for each patient. We evaluated change in HbA1c using the following categories: Category 1: &amp;lt;5.7%, Category 2: 5.7-6%, Category 3: 6.1-6.4%, Category 4: 6.5-8.4%, and Category 5: &amp;gt;8.4%. HbA1c progression defined as increase in the HbA1c category. BMI progression defined as a z-score increase of at least 0.2 and we only included patients with 6-18 months between visits for this analysis. Chi-square or Fisher's exact test and t-test were used to evaluate HbA1c and BMI progression. RESULTS: A total of 64 patients (mean age 12.6 years, 58% female, 31% Black) were evaluated and had available HbA1c data. HbA1c progression was found in 18.8% (12 of 64) of patients during the pandemic. Based on pre-pandemic age, those with HbA1c progression had a mean (SD) age of 14.1 (2.3) years while those whose HbA1c did not progress had a mean (SD) age of 12.3 (2.7) years (p=0.04). Other characteristics including birth sex (p=0.18), race (p=0.54), and insurance (public/private/self-pay) (p=0.83) were not significantly different between those with and without HbA1c progression. We found that 9.1% of patients with HbA1c progression also had BMI progression compared to 6.7% without HbA1c progression (p= 1.0). SUMMARY: We found that 18.8% of overweight/obese youth with risk of developing T2D had HbA1c progression during the COVID-19 pandemic and that older age was a risk factor for HbA1c progression. Significant BMI increase was not associated with HbA1c progression. Further studies are needed to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on HbA1c and BMI progression in youth at risk for T2D. Presentation: Monday, June 13, 2022 12:30 p.m. - 2:30 p.m.

Positive impact of insulin treatment on clinical trend in cystic fibrosis patients: a retrospective study.

Background Cystic fibrosis related diabetes is a complication of cystic fibrosis (CF). Aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of insulin therapy in overt diabetics or pre-diabetics CF patients on BMI and respiratory function. Methods We selected a sample of 17 insulin treated patients (Group T) and a sample of 17 CF control patients with normal glucose metabolism (Group C). Group T was also subdivided into overt diabetic patients and pre-diabetic patients (IGT, INDET). For treated patients an observation period was established from the first insulin administration to 12 months. For control patients, a comparable year of observation was chosen. Data regarding BMI, FVC, FEV1 and PEF were collected at time 0, and at time 12. The number of hospital admissions for infectious episodes during the year of observation and during the preceding year were recorded for Group T patients. Results The results showed a significant increase in BMI in treated patients compared to control, specially for overt diabetics. The study of spirometric parameters showed a significant improvement of PEF, the main effort-dependent respiratory index, specially for over diabetics, suggesting a hypothetical positive impact of the insulin anabolic action on the magnitude of expiratory effort. In contrast, the study of infectious episodes revealed a significant reduction of hospital admissions in pre diabetic treated patients. Conclusion Overall, our study focuses on the importance of glycemic monitoring during the early stages of CF disease and on the advantage of insulin treatment in the early stages of glucose alteration .

Incidence, Risk Factors and Clinical Implications of Glucose Metabolic Changes after Heart Transplant.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) arising de novo after transplant is a common complication, sharing many features with type 2 DM but also specific causes, such as administration of steroids and immunosuppressive drugs. Although post-transplant DM (PTDM) is generally assumed to worsen recipients' outcomes, its impact on renal function, cardiac allograft vasculopathy and mortality remains understudied in heart transplant (HT). We evaluated incidence and risk factors of PTDM and studied glucose metabolic alterations in relation to major HT outcomes. 119 subjects were included in this retrospective, single centre, observational study. A comprehensive assessment of glucose metabolic state was done pre-transplant and a median of 60 months [IQR 30-72] after transplant. Most patients were males (75.6%), with prior non-ischemic cardiomyopathy (64.7%) and median age of 58 years [IQR 48-63]. 14 patients developed PTDM, an incidence of 3.2 cases/100 patient-years. Patients with worsening glucose metabolic pattern were the only who showed a significant increase of BMI and metabolic syndrome prevalence after transplant. 23 (19.3%) patients died during follow up. Early mortality was lower in those with stably normal glucose metabolism, whereas improvement of glucose metabolic state favorably affected mid-term mortality (log-rank p = 0.028). No differences were observed regarding risk of infections and cancer. PTDM is common, but glucose metabolism may also improve after HT. PTDM is strictly related with BMI increase and metabolic syndrome development and may impact recipient survival.