Significant Fluctuations Research Articles

Realization of the Giant Pyroelectric Response via Modulated Polar Structures.

Among pyroelectric materials, Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 (BNT)-based relaxors are particularly noteworthy due to their significant polarization fluctuation near the depolarization temperature (Td), resulting in a large pyroelectric response. What has been overlooked is the dynamic behavior of inherent polar structures, particularly the temperature-dependent evolution of polar nanoregions (PNRs), which significantly impacts the pyroelectric behavior. Herein, based on the large pyroelectric response origination (the ferroelectric-relaxor phase transition), the mixed nonergodic and ergodic relaxor (NR+ER) critical state is constructed, which is believed to trigger the easily fluctuating polarization state with excellent pyroelectric response. Composition engineering (with Li+, Sr2+, and Ta5+) strategically controls the relaxor process and modulates the dynamic behavior of inherent polar structures by the random field effect. The pyroelectric coefficient of more than 1441 µCm-2K-1 at room temperature (RT), more than 9221 µCm-2K-1 (RT), and ≈107911 µCm-2K-1 (Td) are achieved in the Li+-doped sample, the Sr2+-doped sample, and the (Li++Ta5+) co-doped sample, respectively. This work earns the highest RT pyroelectric coefficient in BNT-based relaxors, which is suitable for pyroelectric applications. Furthermore, it provides a strategy for modulating the pyroelectric performance of BNT-based relaxors.

Interpretable corn future price forecasting with multivariate time series

AbstractEfforts in corn future price forecasting and early warning play a vital role in guiding the high‐quality development of the agricultural economy. However, recent years have witnessed significant fluctuations in global corn future prices due to the impact of COVID‐19 and the escalating risks associated with geopolitical conflicts. Therefore, there is an urgent need for accurate and efficient methods to forecast corn future prices. To address this challenge, a novel and comprehensive framework for explainable corn future price forecasting is designed. This framework takes into account multiple factors contributing to corn price volatility, including supply and demand dynamics, policy adjustments, international market shocks, global geopolitical risks, and investor concerns within the corn market. During the data processing stage, complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN) is utilized to thoroughly explore the volatility characteristics of historical corn future prices. Additionally, a convolutional neural network (CNN) is employed to extract essential forecasting information from corn news data. To enhance interpretability, a novel JADE–TFT interpretable corn future price prediction model is proposed. This model combines adaptive differential evolution with optional external archiving (JADE) to intelligently and efficiently optimize the parameters of the temporal fusion transformers (TFTs). Furthermore, in the empirical study, the introduction of a global geopolitical risk coefficient, Baidu indices such as “corn” and “corn price,” and quantized corn news text features is shown to improve the accuracy of corn future price predictions. The proposed corn future price prediction framework contributes to the healthy development of the global grain futures market, thereby fostering the growth and well‐being of enterprises involved in the grain industry.

Glow up: does a professional photoshoot intervention affect self-esteem and emotions among adolescent psychiatric patients?-A longitudinal intervention study.

Today, online communication is shaped by a billion-dollar social media (SM) and social networking site (SNS) industry. Visual content consumed by children and adolescents has been shown to influence behavioral patterns, state emotions, and self-esteem (SE). In this study, we introduced a novel intervention creating visual content through a professional photoshoot and investigated its impact on state emotions and SE in child and adolescent psychiatric (CAP) patients. Standardized and validated self-rating questionnaires were used to assess SE, state emotions, coping mechanisms, psychopathological symptoms, and internet use behavior at baseline. SE and state emotions were monitored at different time points around a professional photoshoot within 45 CAP patients (30 female patients; mean age, 15.1 years) using a longitudinal design. Within-subject repeated-measures ANOVA and bootstrapped paired-sample t-tests showed a significant fluctuation in state emotions and SE throughout the intervention. Spearman correlations and univariate logistic regressions revealed that internalizing symptomatology and maladaptive coping significantly worsened the outcome of the intervention on state emotions and SE in girls. Internet-related variables heightened the positive effect of the intervention in boys and lowered SE in girls during the intervention. The photo intervention had various gender-specific effects. Boys did benefit from the intervention in terms of longitudinal outcome on positive state emotions (PE) and SE, even positively influenced by SNS and SM. Thus, it might be concluded that online social comparison was processed more beneficial in boys. In contrast, when working with visual content in girls, psychopathology and coping must be considered. Internet consumption in general, especially SM and SNS, was related to low SE in girls. Nevertheless, when therapeutically accompanied, the "glow up moment" during the shoot (high on PE and SE; low on negative state emotions) could be used as an index moment for therapeutic reflection.

A discussion on carbon and oxygen isotopes of secondary carbonates in loess-paleosol sequences

Although carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions of carbonates are valuable for Quaternary climate reconstruction due to their sensitivity to paleoclimate changes, a comprehensive understanding regarding the formation, factors influencing isotopic variations, and age uncertainties of secondary carbonates in loess deposits remains elusive. This study investigates the microstructure and stable isotopes of secondary carbonates, specifically calcified root cells (CRC) and needle-fiber calcite (NFC), found within the loess deposits of the last glacial period in the northwestern region of the Chinese Loess Plateau. The average δ13C values of soil total organic matter, CRC, NFC, and total inorganic carbonates in the YuanBao sections are −22.1‰, −14.9‰, −7.0‰, −4.6‰, respectively. Radiocarbon dating results reveal that both CRC and NFC were not of synsedimentary origin. The pronounced negativity of the carbon isotopic composition and the microstructures offer insights that CRC formation is closely tied to C3 plants. The synchronous depletion of δ13CCRC and δ18OCRC values during the transition period from the last glacial to the Holocene, underscores the sensitivity of isotopic composition of CRC to local environmental changes, making it a potential candidate for paleo-climate studies. Additionally, CRC formed during the glacial period provides a close approximation to the true sedimentation age. The radiocarbon dating of NFC highlights a significant fluctuation in carbon source translocation depth, resulting in a pronounced temporal and spatial decoupling between NFC formation and the surrounding deposits. Consequently, values of δ13CNFC and δ18ONFC seem to exhibit no significant trend across the limited depth range in this research. We propose that, when using NFC for paleoclimate reconstruction, careful consideration of variations in translocation depths of carbon sources is imperative to prevent misestimations. NFC could potentially be more fitting for broader temporal-scale paleoclimate reconstructions rather than high-resolution investigations.

Analyzing regional disparities and spatial distribution dynamics of energy consumption levels in China

This article uses the Dagum Gini coefficient and kernel density estimation to analyze the regional differences and distribution dynamics of energy consumption and applies the coefficient of variation with a static panel model to test its σ-convergence and β-convergence characteristics. The study finds noticeable differences in energy consumption intensity among provinces and regions, and the main source of regional differences is inter-regional differences. In contrast, the contribution of intra-regional differences and hypervariable intensity is smaller and more similar. Specifically, the absolute difference in the eastern region experienced a first decline, then a rise, and finally a slight decline; the absolute difference in the central region had a more significant overall fluctuation and a declining trend in the later period, and the absolute difference in the western region tended to narrow. No polarization trend was observed during the sample period in the eastern, central, and western regions. Not only σ-convergence but also absolute β-convergence and conditional β-convergence exist in the whole country and the eastern, central, and western regions. Therefore, it provides a factual basis for deepening the perception of the spatial pattern and regional disparity of energy utilization levels in China and has policy implications for promoting inter-regional and intra-regional coordinated development.

Design and Parameter Optimization of Double-Mosquito Combination Coils for Enhanced Anti-Misalignment Capability in Inductive Wireless Power Transfer Systems

This paper proposes a novel double-mosquito combination (DMC) coil for inductive wireless power transfer (IPT) systems to improve their anti-misalignment capability. The DMC coil consists of a mosquito coil with single-turn spacing and a tightly wound close-wound coil. By superimposing the magnetic fields generated by both coils, a relatively uniform magnetic field distribution is achieved on the receiving coil plane. This approach addresses the challenges of significant output voltage fluctuations and reduced transmission efficiencies caused by coupling coil misalignments in conventional IPT systems. To further optimize the DMC coil, an interaction law between its parameters and the mutual inductance is established, setting the coil mutual inductance fluctuation rate as the optimization objective, and using the coil turn spacing, number of turns, and outer diameter as constraint conditions. The beetle antennae search algorithm (BAS) is employed to enhance the whale optimization algorithm (WOA), facilitating the adaptive optimization of the coil parameters. An experimental IPT system platform with a 50 mm transmission distance is developed to validate the robust anti-misalignment capability of the proposed coil. The results demonstrate that within a horizontal misalignment range of 50 mm, the system’s output voltage fluctuation rate stays below 7.4%, and the transmission efficiency remains above 83%.

Employing bimodal representations to predict DNA bendability within a self-supervised pre-trained framework.

The bendability of genomic DNA, which measures the DNA looping rate, is crucial for numerous biological processes of DNA. Recently, an advanced high-throughput technique known as 'loop-seq' has made it possible to measure the inherent cyclizability of DNA fragments. However, quantifying the bendability of large-scale DNA is costly, laborious, and time-consuming. To close the gap between rapidly evolving large language models and expanding genomic sequence information, and to elucidate the DNA bendability's impact on critical regulatory sequence motifs such as super-enhancers in the human genome, we introduce an innovative computational model, named MIXBend, to forecast the DNA bendability utilizing both nucleotide sequences and physicochemical properties. In MIXBend, a pre-trained language model DNABERT and convolutional neural network with attention mechanism are utilized to construct both sequence- and physicochemical-based extractors for the sophisticated refinement of DNA sequence representations. These bimodal DNA representations are then fed to a k-mer sequence-physicochemistry matching module to minimize the semantic gap between each modality. Lastly, a self-attention fusion layer is employed for the prediction of DNA bendability. In conclusion, the experimental results validate MIXBend's superior performance relative to other state-of-the-art methods. Additionally, MIXBend reveals both novel and known motifs from the yeast. Moreover, MIXBend discovers significant bendability fluctuations within super-enhancer regions and transcription factors binding sites in the human genome.

Optical temperature measurement in unsteady plasma free jet

An Argon plasma free jet is investigated using spectrally narrow bandpass filtered high-speed imaging. The images were captured at 16 kHz with an exposure time of 3.9 μs and then calibrated for absolute radiance. The free jet exhibited behaviour consistent with turbulent free shear flow and maintains an axisymmetric shape. Significant local fluctuations were observed over time, growing in strength and size as the flow convected downstream. Assuming local thermodynamic equilibrium and self-similar free-jet temperature profiles, the flow radiance is used to determine the local plasma temperature and the jet width. Then, both steady and unsteady flow models were applied to account for the jet fluctuation. In regions of low fluctuations near the nozzle exit, both models show good agreement for centreline temperatures, measuring approximately 11 200 K. In regions of significant fluctuations, the assumption of steady flow leads to an overestimation of 32% for temperature, 18% for jet width, and 41% for total jet power. The unsteady analysis approach results in lower temperatures and smaller jet widths while simultaneously satisfying momentum and energy conservation.

Mechanical Behavior Monitoring and Load Inversion Analysis of Large-Diameter Underwater Shield Tunnel during Construction.

The construction of large-diameter shield tunnels underwater involves complex variations in water and earth load outside the tunnel segment, as well as intricate mechanical responses. This study analyzes the variation laws of external loads, axial forces, and bending moments acting on the segment ring during the shield assembly and removal from the shield tail. It accomplishes this through the establishment of an on-site monitoring system based on the Internet of Things (IoT) and proposes a Bayesian-genetic algorithm model to estimate the water and earth pressure. The fluctuation section exhibits a peak load twice as high as that in the stable section. These variations are influenced by Jack thrust, shield shell force, and grouting pressure. The peak load observed in the fluctuation section is twice as high as the load observed in the stable section. During the shield tail removal process, the internal forces undergo significant fluctuations due to changes in both load and boundary conditions, and the peak value of the axial force during the fluctuation section is eight times higher than that during the stable section, while the peak value of the bending moment during the fluctuation section is five times higher than that during the stable section. The earth and water pressure calculated using the inversion analysis method, which relies on the measured internal forces, closely matches the actual measured values. The results demonstrate that the accuracy of the water and earth pressure obtained through inversion analysis is twice as high as that obtained using the full coverage pressure method. These results can serve as a valuable reference for similar projects.

Revealing the binding mechanism of BACE1 inhibitors through molecular dynamics simulations

Alzheimer’s disease is a debilitating neurodegenerative disorder, and the Beta-Site Amyloid Precursor Protein Cleaving Enzyme 1 (BACE1) is a key therapeutic target in its treatment. This study employs molecular dynamics simulations and binding energy analysis to investigate the binding interactions between BACE1 and four selected small molecules: CNP520, D9W, NB641, and NB360. The binding model analysis indicates that the binding of BACE1 with four molecules are stable, except the loop regions show significant fluctuation. The binding free energy analyses reveal that NB360 exhibits the highest binding affinity with BACE1, surpassing other molecules (CNP520, D9W, and NB641). Detailed energy component assessments highlight the critical roles of electrostatic interactions and van der Waals forces in the binding process. Furthermore, residue contribution analysis identifies key amino acids influencing the binding process across all systems. Hydrogen bond analysis reveals a limited number of bonds between BACE1 and each small molecule, highlighting the importance of structural modifications to enable more stable hydrogen bonds. This research provides valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms of potential Alzheimer’s disease therapeutics, guiding the way for improved drug design and the development of effective treatments targeting BACE1. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

Optimization of airflow organization in fan-wall data center via baffles

The utilization of natural fresh air for cooling server rooms in fan-wall data centers effectively reduces the operational duration of air conditioning, resulting in enhanced energy efficiency. Nonetheless, there are few researches available on the optimization of airflow organization in fan-wall data centers. In this study, baffles are installed at the inlet of racks to achieve uniform airflow distribution. The thermal performance of rack is investigated with respect to the influence of the arrangement direction, width, angle size, and angle direction of baffles. The results reveal that: (1) The heat distribution in the racks near the air inlet is uneven, with heat accumulating in the middle and lower parts, leading to significant fluctuations in inlet temperature. (2) Placing baffles vertically on both sides of racks inlet can effectively improve the thermal distribution within the rack in fan-wall data center. (3) The optimal working condition is achieved when baffles are arranged on both sides of the rack inlet, with a width of 7 cm and an angle of 15°, and the angle direction is the same as the airflow direction. This effectively mitigate hotspots within the rack, with the maximum temperature drop within the rack hotspot reaching approximately 13.66 °C.

Model Predictive Control of Counter-Rotating Motors for Underwater Vehicles Considering Unbalanced Load Variation

The propulsion system for underwater vehicles, driven by a counter-rotating permanent magnet synchronous motor (CRPMSM), can enhance the operational stability and efficiency of the vehicle. Due to the influence of complex underwater flows, the load imbalance of CRPMSM’s dual counter-rotating rotors may lead to severe issues of dual-rotor desynchronization rotation. Combining traditional vector control (VC) with master-slave control strategies can address the desynchronization problem when CRPMSM’s load changes. However, it results in significant speed fluctuations and a long transition time during the transition from load disturbance to synchronous rotation. This paper introduces a model predictive control (MPC) strategy to effectively resolve this issue. The incremental MPC model is established based on the mathematical model of CRPMSM in the dq coordinate system. The predictive control system forecasts the d- and q-axis components of stator currents for the next four control cycles. It selects the optimal control increments to minimize the cost function based on current predictions and different inverter voltage states. The obtained optimal d- and q-axis components of stator voltage are used to control CRPMSM under unbalanced load disturbances. Simulation results demonstrate that, compared to the VC strategy, CRPMSM utilizing the MPC strategy exhibits better dynamic performance with faster speed response and reduced torque fluctuations during load and speed variations.

Integrated water quality dynamics in Wadi Hanifah: Physical, chemical, and biological perspectives.

The Wadi Hanifah, a crucial aquatic ecosystem, has unfavorable consequences from natural occurrences and human activities. Recognizing the critical need for sustainable water management, this study provides an in-depth evaluation of wadi water quality. A comprehensive assessment was conducted, analyzing physical properties (temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, turbidity, color, and odor), chemical constituents (nitrogen compounds, ion concentrations, heavy metals), and bacterial diversity. The study found significant temperature fluctuations, particularly in sun-exposed or stagnant water areas. The water exhibited slight alkalinity and variable electrical conductivity and turbidity, indicating differing pollution levels. High ammonia and heavy metal concentrations suggested organic and industrial contamination, respectively. In addition, the prevalent fecal-indicator bacteria pointed to possible sewage or agricultural runoff. The research highlights the complex interplay of natural and anthropogenic factors affecting Wadi Hanifah's water quality. It emphasizes the need for location-specific environmental management strategies focusing on pollution control and conservation to safeguard the wadi's ecological health. This study provides vital insights for effective water resource management in Wadi Hanifah, serving as a model for similar ecosystems.

The distribution characteristics of strabismus surgery types in a tertiary hospital in the Central Plains region during the COVID-19 epidemic

ObjectiveThis study aimed to analyze the distribution of different types of strabismus surgery in a tertiary hospital in Central China during the three-year period of the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of strabismus patients who underwent surgery and were admitted to the Department of Strabismus and Pediatric Ophthalmology at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University between January 2020 and December 2022.ResultsA total of 3939 strabismus surgery patients were collected, including 1357 in 2020, 1451 in 2021, and 1131 in 2022. The number of surgeries decreased significantly in February 2020, August 2021, and November and December 2022. Patients aged 0–6 years accounted for 37% of the total number of strabismus surgery patientsr. The majority (60%) of all strabismus surgery patients were diagnosed with exotropia, with intermittent exotropia accounting for the highest proportion (53%). There was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of intermittent exotropia and constant exotropia during the three-year period (χ2 = 2.642, P = 0.267 and χ2 = 3.012, P = 0.221, respectively). Among patients with intermittent exotropia, insufficient convergence type was the most common form of strabismus (accounting for over 70%). Non-accommodative esotropia accounted for more than 50% of all internal strabismus cases.ConclusionDuring the period from 2020 to 2022, the total number of strabismus surgeries in our hospital did not show significant fluctuations, but there was a noticeable decrease in the number of surgeries during months affected by the pandemic. Exotropia accounted for the highest proportion among strabismus surgery patients. Intermittent exotropia was the most common type among patients undergoing surgery for exotropia, and the most prevalent subtype was the insufficient convergence type. The age distribution of patients varied in different months, with a concentration of surgeries for strabismus patients in the 7–12 years old age group during the months of July and August each year.

Pregnancy related factors and temporomandibular disorders evaluated through the diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders (DC/TMD) axis II: a cross sectional study

IntroductionTemporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a multifaceted condition impacting the chewing system, with its frequency varying across different age groups and showing a higher incidence in women. The involvement of estrogen in TMD has been examined due to the presence of estrogen receptors in the TMJ area. However, the exact effect of estrogen on TMD is complex. During pregnancy, marked by significant hormonal fluctuations, the impact on TMD has been hypothesized but remains unclear due to inconsistent results from various studies.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, we enrolled 32 pregnant women consecutively. We gathered information on demographics, TMD evaluations (using the Graded Chronic Pain Scale, Jaw Functional Limitation Scale-20, and Oral Behaviors Checklist), and mental health assessments (including Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Patient Health Questionnaire-15, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7). We employed descriptive statistics to summarize continuous and categorical data and used t-tests and chi-square tests for comparisons. We also conducted multivariate linear regression, adjusted for demographic factors, to investigate correlations.ResultsThe study group mainly consisted of women aged 30–35 (40.6%) and 25–30 (18.8%). Most participants had completed high school (50%) and were married (71.9%). A notable association was found between younger women (under 30) and higher levels of somatic symptoms (p = 0.008) and generalized anxiety (p = 0.015). Women in their second trimester showed lower severity of somatic symptoms (p = 0.04). A significant link was also observed between depression severity and somatic symptom severity (p = 0.01). However, we found no significant correlations with other TMD-related health aspects.DiscussionOur study identified significant associations between psychosomatic and psychological symptoms with variables like age and pregnancy trimester in pregnant women. However, it notably failed to establish a clear relationship between pregnancy-related factors and the severity of temporomandibular disorders (TMD). More comprehensive studies with larger participant pools are necessary to further validate and expand these findings.

Growth of Oyster (Crassostrea virginica) Larvae in Small-Scale Systems Using an Algae Concentrate Food Source

Replicated studies are advantageous for optimizing larval rearing of the Eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) and increasing the availability of high-quality seed for the continued expansion of the U.S. oyster aquaculture industry. Although small-scale systems using live algal feeds have been used successfully, rearing larvae on algae concentrate presents additional challenges. To determine the feasibility of rearing oyster larvae in small-scale systems using algae concentrate, oyster larvae were raised for 2 weeks in replicate control (1,000 L) and microcosm (17 L) tanks. Five aeration strategies were tested in the microcosms in two separate trials. Results of this study indicate similar survival in small systems compared to controls through the appearance of eyed larvae. Accumulated algae and pink biofilm formation in microcosms using polyvinyl chloride (PVC) airlifts suggest that this aeration strategy is undesirable. One- and 5-mL air injectors maintained higher overnight oxygen levels than controls. The recovery of more eyed larvae after 14 dpf in control systems may be the result of significant temperature fluctuations in microcosms. Overall, this study demonstrates that algae concentrate can be used to rear oyster larvae in small-scale systems, providing a live feed alternative that saves space and labor in replicated studies.

Lessons on food security from the COVID-19 pandemic in Bermuda.

Compared with other OECD countries, Bermuda ranks third globally in terms of income inequality globally. During the COVID-19 pandemic, anecdotal evidence suggested, significant fluctuations in the food demand and supply. We aimed to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on food insecurity, with a focus on the availability and affordability of various foods in Bermuda. We utilized a cross-sectional study design to investigate potential drivers of food insecurity within the local population. To gauge the level of household food insecurity we relied on the Bermuda Omnibus survey (N = 400) undertaken by Total Research Associates Ltd via telephone. To assess changes in food availability and affordability we conducted semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders who played pivotal roles in shaping food accessibility availability and affordability of food in Bermuda. These interviews were systematically analysed using the framework method. We performed analyses of food retail and import data to evaluate fluctuations in food prices and their impact on food availability and affordability. We found statistically significant associations between changes in food consumption, household income, and government aid. Food aid beneficiaries ate fewer fruits and vegetables by 50% [95% CI:17%-83%] and less fresh meat and fish by 39% [95 CI:3%-75%] compared with residents who did not receive any aid during the COVID-19 period from March 2020 to March 2021. Although we did not identify statistically significant food price increases feeding programmes played a pivotal role in preventing food insecurity during the pandemic in Bermuda. However, a lack of monitoring regarding the nutritional quality within the programmes, allowed a wide availability of foods high in sugar, salts, and fats, disproportionately affected low-income populations. In conclusion, food availability in Bermuda remained largely unaffected during the pandemic. Nevertheless, the surge in demand for feeding programs underscores underlying food security challenges in Bermuda and warrants further attention.

A Particle-Swarm-Optimization-Algorithm-Improved Jiles–Atherton Model for Magnetorheological Dampers Considering Magnetic Hysteresis Characteristics

As a typical intelligent device, magnetorheological (MR) dampers have been widely applied in vibration control and mitigation. However, the inherent hysteresis characteristics of magnetic materials can cause significant time delays and fluctuations, affecting the controllability and damping performance of MR dampers. Most existing mathematical models have not considered the adverse effects of magnetic hysteresis characteristics, and this study aims to consider such effects in MR damper models. Based on the magnetic circuit analysis of MR dampers, the Jiles–Atherton (J-A) model is adopted to characterize the magnetic hysteresis properties. Then, a weight adaptive particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO) is introduced to the J-A model for efficient parameter identifications of this model, in which the differential evolution and the Cauchy variation are combined to improve the diversity of the population and the ability to jump out of the local optimal solution. The results obtained from the improved J-A model are compared with the experimental data under different working conditions, and it shows that the proposed J-A model can accurately predict the damping performance of MR dampers with magnetic hysteresis characteristics.

Ecosystem carbon stock and annual sequestration rate from three genera-dominated mangrove zones in Benoa Bay, Bali, Indonesia

Abstract. Sugiana IP, Prartono T, Rastina, Koropitan AF. 2024. Ecosystem carbon stock and annual sequestration rate from three genera-dominated mangrove zones in Benoa Bay, Bali, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 287-299. The mangrove ecosystem is an ecologically productive wetland system that serves as a carbon sink. However, various factors have contributed to the variation in values when calculating ecosystem carbon stock and the sequestration rate in the mangrove ecosystem. The presence of varying environmental conditions has resulted in the categorizing different species of mangroves, which may lead to variations in ecosystem carbon stock and sequestration rates. In this study, we aim to assess the ecosystem carbon stock and sequestration rate of the mangrove ecosystem in Benoa Bay, Bali, Indonesia. The ecosystem has been categorized into three zones based on the dominant genera: Bruguiera, Rhizophora, and Sonneratia. This research aimed to investigate the influence of mangrove zoning on the variability of carbon stock values and sequestration rates within the ecosystem. The allometric calculation technique and net primary productivity and soil organic carbon percentage values obtained using the Loss on Ignition (LOI) method are used to estimate each zone's ecosystem carbon stock and sequestration rate. The findings of our study indicate that there are notable variations in the carbon stock of ecosystems across different zones. However, we did not observe any substantial changes in the annual carbon sequestration rates. The Sonneratia zone exhibits the maximum value of ecosystem carbon stock and sequestration rate (1,570.9±248.0 tCO2ha-1 and 81.8 tCO2ha-1yr-1), while the Bruguiera zone demonstrates the lowest values (1,029.6±130.9 tCO2ha-1 and 75.6 tCO2ha-1yr-1). The three zones' average carbon stock and sequestration rate are estimated as 338.2 tCha-1 (1239.9 tCO2ha-1) and 21.5 tCha-1yr-1 (78.9 tCO2ha-1yr-1), respectively. In total, the carbon storage and absorption capacity of Benoa Bay amounts to 421,149 tC (equivalent to 1.5 million tCO2), with an annual rate of 25,769.4 tCyr-1 (equivalent to 94,573.6 tCO2yr-1). We recommended that future ecosystem carbon stock evaluations consider mangrove-type zoning characteristics due to significant value fluctuations in various mangrove zones found.

Research on Lifecycle-based Financial Strategy on New Energy Enterprises: Take CATL as an Example

The emergence of energy security issues reflects the current global turmoil and division. The two energy crises and regional conflicts have put the global energy system in a severe winter. Energy security is not only the latest requirement for the high-quality development of countries under the "carbon neutrality" background but also an aspect of overall global progress. This study selects the leading enterprise in the new energy industry, Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited (CATL), as the research object. Based on the life cycle theory and financial strategy theory, the paper analyzes the company's financing, investment, and profit distribution strategies and constructs a financial strategy matrix to study the problems existing in the company's current financial strategy. The research results show that there are issues such as unreasonable financing structure, insignificant investment benefits, and significant fluctuations in dividend distribution policies. Finally, targeted optimization suggestions are proposed, hoping to provide a reference value for peers.