Significant Export Potential Research Articles

Bosnia and Herzegovina’s Economic Prospects and Historical Background

The essay discusses the socio-political challenges for the economy of Bosnia and Herzegovina and its foreign trade in goods and services, including the Hungarian relation. The study uses descriptive tools and secondary data. Wedged in between Croatia and Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina’s economy is inextricably linked to the dramatic events of the past and the still unresolved social and political conflicts. Within Yugoslavia, Bosnia and Herzegovina was a member state with significant export potential, but the war and ethnicisation have devastated the economy. The state administration of the Dayton system is expensive, and the foundations for capital flows, privatisation and European convergence are developing slowly. Capital flows, the Instrument for Pre-accession Assistance (IPA) and international aid play an important role in balancing the foreign exchange balance. A significant item reducing the negative current account balance is the amount of remittances, which is six times higher than FDI. Remittances have become the largest source of external financing, increasing dependency and exacerbating the vulnerability of the economy.

Стратегічні пріоритети інституційного забезпечення аграрної економіки України в контексті євроінтеграційних процесів

The article defines that recently, under the influence of global processes, pandemic and volatility of international agri-food markets, the high dynamics of transformations in the world economy has been generating more and more risks for domestic producers and requires effective decision-making in the legislative and regulatory field at the State level. Thus, formation and implementation of strategic priorities of institutional support for the agrarian economy of Ukraine in the context of European integration processes remains an actual problem. The article is aimed at substantiating the strategic priorities of developing the institutions of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine in the context of changes in the global environment and under the influence of European integration processes. In order to achieve the aim, analysis of modern problems of institutional support of the agrarian sphere of the national economy of Ukraine in the context of European integration processes is carried out. It is noted that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the implementation of the tasks of the structural units of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences as a scientific institution to provide innovative support for the development of the industry. Emphasis is placed on the chronic underfunding of research and development at the State level, which inhibits the effectiveness of innovative providers in the agricultural sector. The main directions of further development of agribusiness in order to ensure the competitiveness of domestic products in agri-food markets and ensure food security of the country are identified. Emphasis is placed on the intensification of significant export potential, in particular organic production, the volume of supplies to world markets is growing. However, it is proved that the effectiveness of the implemented strategies for scientific support of the agricultural sector requires proper funding, responsible attitude and vision of the economic perspective behind it. In order to intensify the innovative model of scientific activity in the agrarian sphere and in the context of integration into the European Open Scientific Space, the first intermediate results of the activities of the State-owned institutions of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences are determined.

Export Potential of the National Economy: Opportunities and Limitations

Authors consider export opportunities and the structure and dynamics of industrial export and import in the Russian Federation, Northwest Russia and St. Petersburg. The article studies structural changes in sectors of St. Petersburg economy resulting from ongoing innovation processes and their impact on export potential. It provides the results of assessing the impact of organizational, economic and production factors on export opportunities of various economic entities. Export opportunities, structure and dynamics of export and import of industrial products in the Russian Federation, the North-West region and St. Petersburg are considered. Volume of exports, imports and trade turnover in Russia in 2019, as well as the dynamics of changes in recent years are discussed. In the structure of Russia's exports in recent years, the bulk of supplies (60%) were mineral products, imports the main share of exports (over 40%) occurred in the machinery, equipment and vehicles. The high needs of the national market and the significant export potential of Russian enterprises engaged in the production of medicines and modern medical equipment are noted, which makes it possible to make a real contribution to solving important social problems and developing the national economy. The structure of exports and imports of North-West Federal district and St. Petersburg by major commodity groups, there is a saving in purchases of imported equipment combined with constant growth of exports of fuel and energy products are discussed. Structural changes in the economic sectors of St. Petersburg as a result of ongoing innovation processes and their impact on export potential are studied. The results of the assessment of the impact of organizational, economic and production factors on the export opportunities of various economic entities are presented. It is revealed that for industrial enterprises, the quality and cost of components becomes a problematic factor that hinders their development both in improving the product range and in their own technological modernization. For small and medium-sized businesses in industrial production, problems related to timely receipt of high-quality materials and products of the element base from suppliers and related companies, in most cases located abroad, are added. The role of the “Russian export center” as a state institute for supporting non-commodity exports and facilitating export operations was noted.

Роль кластеров в повышении конкурентоспособности электронной промышленности России на мировом рынке высокотехнологичных товаров

Цель: статья посвящена анализу проблемы повышения конкурентоспособности электронной промышленности как одного из драйверов экспорта высоких технологий. Обсуждение: методика анализа включает определение места и роли электронной промышленности в обеспечении конкурентоспособности страны, изучения структуры мирового рынка микроэлектроники, структуры основных потребителей электронной промышленности России, изучения стратегии развития Кластера электронных приборов, материалов и компонентов. Результаты: Россия слабо представлена на мировом рынке микроэлектроники, что говорит об отсутствии конкурентоспособной гражданской технологичной продукции в отрасли. Основные проблемы российской электроники заключаются в ориентации на оборонно-промышленный комплекс и слабости развития гражданского сектора отраслей, особенно в IT-сфере. Формирование Кластера электронных приборов, материалов и компонентов обусловлено стратегической целью технологического лидерства России в отраслях пятого технологического уклада. Основным видом разработанного инновационного продукта кластера, обладающим экспортным потенциалом значительным, является синтетический сапфир. Вместе с тем существует угроза в удержании позиций на международном рынке в связи с увеличением доли китайских компаний в рыночной нише синтетических сапфиров и отсутствием стратегии государственной поддержки российских сапфиров. Стратегия развития кластера связана с системным развитием информационно-аналитических и консалтинговых услуг в сфере защиты результатов интеллектуальной деятельности, особенно в энергетике.

International assessment of food security: global values and rating positions of Belarus

Food security largely determines stability of the entire economic system. Belarus is one of the states with self-sufficient production of food resources, and has also arranged a significant export potential in agri-food sector of economy. Experts from various international organizations, as well as thematic divisions of media companies, analyze the global food situation, including the one in Belarus. In this regard, third parties’ views on the Belarusian model of food security, its position in global rating, identification of strengths and weaknesses, comparison with the most successful states are of particular interest, which determined the study relevance. The article presents systematic analysis of the main international food safety ratings. A range of international assessments of efficiency of ensuring food security in the Republic of Belarus, as well as its structural elements are analyzed. Results and findings of foreign experts are compared with own techniques and methodological approaches to assessing the national food security of the Republic of Belarus. It has been determined that the Republic of Belarus was in the 36th place in the world or 20th place in the European region according to the GFSI index. At the same time, over the past two years, the country’s global position has increased by 12 points due to a significant improvement in terms of physical availability of food, as well as high indicators previously achieved in terms of economic accessibility, quality and safety of agricultural raw materials and finished foodstuffs. It has been noted that approaches to ensuring food security of the Republic of Belarus were highly appreciated by foreign experts. Use of the proposed results and proposals in practice will determine the prospects for increasing efficiency of ensuring the country’s food security, in particular, via improvement of economic and physical accessibility, as well as achieving the goal of the Doctrine of National Food Security of the Republic of Belarus until 2030. Acknowledgments. The research was carried out as part of the state program of scientific research “Quality and Efficiency of Agroindustrial Production” for 2016-2020, subprogram 1 “AIC Economy”, as well as in accordance with the provisions, criteria and parameters of the Doctrine of National Food Security of the Republic of Belarus until 2030, approved by the Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus dated December 15, 2017 No. 962.

Service Trade Liberalization in Oman: International Commitments and Trade Performance

Abstract The service sector constitutes an important and a growing sector of the global economy as well as in the Arab region. In Oman, the service sector accounts for the highest share in the sectoral composition of the GDP and constitutes a crucial component of the overall policy of economic diversification. The objective of this paper is to investigate the extent of service trade liberalization in Oman as reflected in its international trade commitments, and analyze its trade performance using an adapted version of the gravity model within the context of the wider Arab region. The analysis shows that Oman has the third most extensive GATS commitments in the Arab region, which have been consolidated and improved upon under USA–Oman FTA. Results from the gravity analysis indicate that WTO membership has a significant effect in enhancing service exports, while the variable US-FTA has a correct sign but a non-significant effect. Trade potential calculation shows that comparatively Oman has a quite significant export potential among the Arab countries indicating that it could potentially increase its exports more than what is actually traded. A trade liberalization scenario, in which countries reduce their trade restrictiveness index to the most liberal country in the region indicates that the GCC countries like Kuwait, Qatar and Oman would benefit the most from service liberalization with an increase in export values of, respectively, 89 %, 87 % and 75 % compared d to the base year.

ON PUTIN'S LONG STATE(reflections on the article of Vladislav Surkov)

The author, analyzing the article by V. Surkov Putins Lasting State, expresses either agreement with a part of his theses, substantiating it, doubting or denying and also briefly justifying them. Agreement with the theses: illusion of choice, realism of predestination, logic of the historical process, state of a new type, uniqueness and viability of Russia, model of the state, ideology of Putinism, people, the military and police functions are the most important and decisive. Doubts, denial: impossible, unnatural, counterhistorical disintegration of Russia, growing Russia, survival of the Russian nation, the absence of mention of the First President of the Russian Federation, which laid the foundation of the new Russia a significant export potential of the Russian political system, supreme ruler, understating the value of political institutions and the promotion of one person against this background, multilevel political institutions outlet clothing,trust in one person.

ADVANTAGES OF USE OF THE GRANULAR ORGANIC-MINERAL SLOW RELEASE FERTILIZERS

The necessity of using complex organic-mineral fertilizers with a given composition of components, which determine by agrarian and climatic conditions of growing crops, is considered. The possibility of using new beneficial components in the form of granulated organic-mineral fertilizers of slow release action and the useful properties of each component is determined.Key words: granule, composition, organic-mineral fertilizers, resource conservation, yield, prolonged action.The agro-industrial complex is one of the main sources of foreign exchange earnings in the structure of foreign trade of Ukraine, in addition to this, the agricultural potential has a significant export potential. As of 2018, the share of exported vegetable products in the overall structure of exports of goods amounted to 20.9% of the total volume. As a result, the development of this sector of the economy is one of the main issues for today. The potential of agriculture, especially crop production, is significantly dependent on the fertility of agricultural land, which in turn depends on the quality of fertilizers that are used, therefore the quality of fertilizers is not only important for the development of the industry, but also has an impact on the economic situation. Soil fertility has declined markedly due to irrational land use, erosion, dehumidification, soil mineralization and environmental contamination.The main advantage of this fertilizer is the higher efficiency of plant nutrition compared to traditional fertilizers, due to the release of useful components over a longer period. Slow down selection of useful components (prolonged action) is ensured by the layered structure of the granule and the uniform placement of useful components throughout the volume of granules OMF of a new generation during its moisture in the soil. Obtaining of this structure of the granule is possible with the application of a fluidized bed granulator. The use of waste from agricultural, food and chemical industries, as raw material for the production of new granular organic-mineral fertilizers of prolonged action, will solve the problems of reducing fertility of soils, preserving resources and the environment.There is a need for the creation and improvement of existing technology and equipment for the production of layered compositional organic-mineral fertilizers containing ammonium sulphate, humic substances, deoxidizing compounds and other useful components, the composition and correlation of which is determined by the agro-climatic conditions of cultivation. Application of a deoxidizing component, such as lime in organic-mineral fertilizers, will reduce the acidity of the soil and reduce the amount of separate application of lime

ФАКТОРЫ И НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ РАЗВИТИЯ ЭКСПОРТНОГО ТУРИСТСКОГО ПОТЕНЦИАЛА РОССИИ

Currently, according to UNWTO, the international tourism market is one of the largest and dynamically developing world service markets. Russia is an active participant in the international tourism market. Nevertheless, having significant export potential in the sphere of tourism, it is mainly an importer of tourist services on the global stage and, thus, it loses the economic profit from the participation in the international tourist exchange. The study is aimed at the identification of possible ways of development of export potential in Russia in the sphere of tourism. The author carried out the complex analysis of factors of international tourism development and their classification, taking into account foreign and Russian experience of study, and identified the factors influencing export tourist potential of the destination. A multifactorial economic and mathematical model is proposed, which characterizes the power of influence of the most significant factors on the level of Russian export tourist potential development. The author analyzed the results of modeling; identified the power of influence of each factor included in the model on the studied indicator; made the conclusions on the significance of economic, infrastructural, technological, nature-recreational, and cultural-historical factors on the example of certain indicators; proved and explained the influence of each of them. In the conclusion, the author proposed the actions aimed at the increase of export tourist potential of Russia through the reduction of the price for tickets of Russian airlines, the development of recreation and accommodation infrastructures, and the improvement of conditions of doing business in the country.

CSD Type Family Solar Drying Technology and Its Potential Impact on Rural Development and Nutrition – A Case Study

Globalization has adversely affected development of rural areas in developing countries. Rural areas are unable to absorb new technologies due to low literacy rates. Local Products, mostly from agricultural produces, are increasingly replaced by cheaper products from organized mechanized farming from one or the other corner of the globe. In this paper, family type cabinet solar dryer designs are presented in commensuration with the contemporary requirement of rural Bihar. Design objective includes simplification of technology and process, easy maintenance and low price to dry exotic produces which has significant export potential. Field trials are conducted, social surveys are undertaken and nutritional values of the products are determined in actual condition. Results indicate that simpler technology with state-of-art control of temperature by a combination of high heat capacity material and phase change material is most suitable to dry vegetables and spices, commonly called “Cash Crops”. Their nutritional values remain within 80% limits even after six months. The technology is appropriate as it uses local materials; sustainable as it is cost-effective and employment generating ability and; robust as it uses very simple way for controlled drying.

The Emergence of Iran in the World Car Industry: An Estimation of its Export Potential

In the past 10 years Iran has been emerging as a major car producer in the world. However, due to delays in economic reforms, Iranian car exports have not increased as much as production. This paper presents a first estimation of the Iranian export potential in the car industry. Based on new theoretical developments of the gravity equation, an empirical bilateral trade model is proposed. It includes sectoral variables (car production, import tariffs), as well as other original variables, such as expectations and hysteresis. We then develop a dataset which includes the 40 major car‐exporting countries in the world, 34 importing countries, a 10‐year time period as well as four car production groups. The model is then estimated by using alternative panel data estimators, such as those of Hausman and Taylor and dynamic estimators as well as transformed variables estimators. Export potential is finally calculated from the residuals of the model. Results show that Iranian current car exports are about 100 times less than their fitted values. This indicates that there is a significant export potential for Iran, especially toward India, China, Russia, as well as smaller neighbours (Turkey, Pakistan, Central Asian countries). As a result, Iran could become the major auto supplier in the Middle East. However, this requires the completion and success of ongoing economic reforms.

The Growing Influence of Emerging Countries in the World Car Industry: An Estimation of Export Potentials in a World Trade Model

In the past ten years, emerging countries have considerably increased their production of cars. Although their share in world exports is still below 10%, these countries are now ready to conquer international markets, since they can produce on a large scale at very low production costs compared with the Northern standards. Given the lack of literature on this topic, the main contribution of this paper is to investigate the export potential of emerging countries in the automotive industry. Based on new developments in the gravity equation, an original world trade model is applied to the car industry. The export potentials are calculated from the residuals of the model with the out-sample technique. The main results show that several large emerging countries enjoy a very significant export potential. These are mainly China, Mexico, Brazil, Russia, Iran, Thailand as well as Indonesia. The growing influence of these countries has strong implications for the Triad. Indeed, Japan, Germany and small European countries have already surpassed their export potential. In fact, only North American countries still exhibit a significant export potential, because their export level is currently low in comparison to what it should be given their huge economic size.

The Concept of Managing the Agro-Industrial Cluster Development

In recent years the concept of ‘digital economy’ is present in the economy and practical activities of many countries. Modern information technologies were able not only to transform methods of data collection, transformation, storage and processing to obtain new knowledge, but also to influence economic processes, including the principles of interaction of economic agents. Producers and the end users, state structures and business entities can contact, bypassing long chains of intermediaries. The penetration of digital technologies into life is one of the characteristic features of the future world. Agro-industrial business, which is a strategic segment of the Russian economy and has a significant export potential, cannot stay away from world trends. The article presents the concept of managing the development of agro-industrial clusters as self-organizing structures of agro-industrial business that are able to integrate the activities of small and medium-sized businesses into the value-added chain using modern information technologies. The paper discloses the mandatory and supporting tools and mechanisms for implementing the concept aimed at eliminating the problems existing in the way of agro-industrial cluster formation. The definition of the term ‘agro-industrial cluster’ has been clarified; the notion of ‘digital agribusiness cluster’ has been introduced into circulation. The conceptual model of a digital cluster as the main tool for cluster members’ collaboration is presented.