Significant Differences In Understanding Research Articles

PENGARUH TIPS DAN TRIK DALAM PERENACANAAN KARIR MELALUI LAYANAN INFORMASI KEPADA SISWA KELAS XI DI SMA NEGERI 4 BANJARMASIN

work, what professions are suitable for him and so forth. The above problems we often find in schools especially in high school, As has happened in high school SMA Negeri 4 Banjarmasin, teachers BK said there are still many students who are still confused in determining the department and career or what work is chosen later for the future, this is due to lack or BK teachers never provide career information services to students. Based on data analysis shows that there are significant differences in understanding of career planning of class XI students before and after service information that is giving tips and tricks career planning. This is true from the results of the initial test (Pre Test) with an average of 129.12 increased after being given Treatment through information service by providing career planning tips and tricks which then performed the final test (Post Test) with an average of 139.72. Then the initial test difference with the final test is 10.6. Thus, information services with the provision of career planning tips and tricks can be used as a very effective means in determining career planning students XI SMA Negeri 4 Banjarmasin.

Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran Science, Environment, Technology and Society (SETS) Untuk Meningkatkan Pemahaman Konsep dan Sikap Peduli Lingkungan Siswa Sekolah Dasar

This study aims to (1) produce a SETS kit that is feasible to the understanding of concept and caring environmental of Elementary School (2) find out the effectiveness of the SETS kit to the understanding of concept and caring environmental. This study is a research and development refering to the opinion of Borg & Gall. The design of learning kits consists of ten steps, including (1) research and information collection; (2) planning; (3) developing preliminary form of draft product; (4) preliminary field testing; (5) main product revision; (6) main field testing; (7) operational product testing; (8) operational field testing; and (9) final product revision; (10) dissemination. Subjects were students of Elementary School 3 Kota Fajar. The results show that the learning kit is effective to understanding of concept and caring environmental of students according to the material expert and learning expert with excellent ratings category. Based on the result show that there are significant differences in understanding of concept and caring environmental of students who take the study with SETS kits with those who do not use learning kits.

교과서와 교사용 지도서에 제시된 소리의 성질 단원의 파동개념에 대한 초등 교사들의 이해도, 확신도와 친숙도 분석

The purpose of this study was to analyze elementary school teachers' understanding, certainty, and familiarity with 13 key concepts of wave physics that are presented in textbook and teacher's guidebook. 123 elementary school teachers answered concept tests and questionnaires. In the results to these tests and questionnaires, teachers demonstrated a high level of understanding and high certainty in understanding with regard to the concepts of sound generation, effect of medium on wave, timbre, wavelength, and trough and crest of wave. For the topics of sound velocity, wave reflection and wave transmission, teachers demonstrated a high level of understanding but low certainty in understanding. With regard to sound propagation, teachers demonstrated a low level of understanding and an improperly high certainty in that low understanding. Teachers lacked knowledge, i.e., displayed a low level of understanding and low certainty in sound strength, sound frequency, constructive interference and destructive interference. In constructive and destructive interference, the teachers also displayed a low level of familiarity. We analyzed the differences in teacher's understanding, certainty, and familiarity according to teacher demographics defined by the teacher's gender, teaching experience with concepts of sound, career, curriculum track while in high school, and major in university. There were no significant differences in understanding, certainty, or familiarity as defined by gender, teaching experience, and career. However, these displays of knowledge were affected by the teacher's curriculum track in high school and their major. These results suggest that the teacher's understanding of, familiarity with, and certainty in wave physics concepts are more influenced by their learning experience than by their teaching experience. Therefore, we suggest additional learning opportunities for teachers (such as teacher training programs) in order to improve teacher knowledge and correct teacher misconceptions in wave physics.

Parental Understanding of Hospital Course and Discharge Plan.

Hospital discharge marks an important transition in care from the inpatient team to the family and primary care provider. Parents must know the hospital course and discharge plan to care for their child at home and provide background for future providers. Our study aimed to determine parental knowledge of key aspects of their child's hospital course and discharge plan and to identify markers of increased risk for incomplete or incorrect knowledge among participants. We conducted a descriptive prospective cohort study of parents within 24 hours of hospital discharge. The primary outcome was concordance of parent responses to verbal interview questions about their child's hospital treatment, laboratory testing, imaging, procedures and discharge plan with the medical record. Of 174 participants, 15% felt less than "completely prepared" to explain the hospital course to their primary care provider or to provide care after discharge. There was >83% overall concordance with interview responses and the medical record, with concordance higher for hospital course events than discharge plan. There were few significant differences in understanding between trainee-based teams and the attending physician-run unit. No patient or family characteristics were consistently associated with poor understanding of hospital course or discharge plan. Although parents were generally knowledgeable about hospital course and discharge plan, areas for improved communication were identified. Individualized counseling about hospital course and discharge plan should be initiated for all parents early during hospitalization. Methods that assess and bolster caregiver comprehension and minimize dependence on written instructions may help with transition to outpatient care.

Malay Culture in Chinese Muslim Newly Convert (Muallaf) Perspective: Selangor Case Study

This study aims to identify the different understanding of Chinese converts groups on Malays culture in the Selangor state. Their understanding of Malay culture affects their Islamic practices. This study analyzes the understanding differences of 408 Chinese converts in the Selangor state based on age, gender, marital status, academic qualifications and employment. The study found that the group of Chinese converts in the age less than 20 years have higher understanding than the age of 21-30 years, 31-40 years, and older than 40 years. From the aspect of gender, there were no significant differences in understanding between men and women. In terms of marital status, the study found that Chinese converts single status have a higher understanding than the marriage, widows and widowers. While in terms of academic qualifications, those who graduated with a degree have higher understanding of cultural community of Malay as compared with those graduated having the approval of UPSR, PMR, SPM and Diploma. From the aspects of work, those who work at the government have a better understanding than self-employed, private and unemployment. The implication is, these contributing factors can give enlightenment to the Muslim Malay community to know that Chinese convert groups have better understanding on Malay cultural community to maintain the cultural integration between Chinese and Malays in Malaysia. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2016.v7n2s1p325

English

The focus of this study was student teachers at a South African university enrolled in a Bachelor of Education (B.Ed.) programme and a Postgraduate Certificate in Education (PGCE), respectively. The purpose of this study was to explore students’ understanding and acceptance of evolution and beliefs about the nature of science (NOS), and to discover if these understandings and acceptances changed with the level of their studies. In so doing, we wished to determine if there is a relationship between their understanding of evolution and the NOS, and their level of acceptance of evolution. The study is located within a quantitative framework. Questionnaires were administered to pre-service teachers, who were enrolled in the School of Education. All participants had chosen Biology as their teaching specialisation. Three instruments were included in the questionnaires. The findings revealed that students in the B.Ed. programme have a poorer understanding of evolution and NOS than the graduate group (PGCE), and that there is no significant difference in understanding between different levels within the B.Ed. group. A further significant finding was that acceptance of evolution is independent of changes in conceptual understanding of evolution and independent of changes in beliefs about the NOS.

Patient preference: a comparison of electronic patient-completed questionnaires with paper among cancer patients.

In this study, we compared cancer patients preference for computerised (tablet/web-based) surveys versus paper. We also assessed whether the understanding of a cancer-related topic, pharmacogenomics is affected by the survey format, and examined differences in demographic and medical characteristics which may affect patient preference and understanding. Three hundred and four cancer patients completed a tablet-administered survey and another 153 patients completed a paper-based survey. Patients who participated in the tablet survey were questioned regarding their preference for survey format administration (paper, tablet and web-based). Understanding was assessed with a 'direct' method, by asking patients to assess their understanding of genetic testing, and with a 'composite' score. Patients preferred administration with tablet (71%) compared with web-based (12%) and paper (17%). Patients <65years old, non-Caucasians and white-collar professionals significantly preferred the computerised format following multivariate analysis. There was no significant difference in understanding between the paper and tablet survey with direct questioning or composite score. Age (<65years) and white-collar professionals were associated with increased understanding (both P=0.03). There was no significant difference in understanding between the tablet and print survey in a multivariate analysis. Patients overwhelmingly preferred computerised surveys and understanding of pharmacogenomics was not affected by survey format.

Remediating misconception on climate change among secondary school students in Malaysia

Existing studies report on secondary school students’ misconceptions related to climate change; they also report on the methods of teaching as reinforcing misconceptions. This quasi-experimental study was designed to test the null hypothesis that a curriculum based on constructivist principles does not lead to greater understanding and fewer misconceptions on acid rain, global warming, greenhouse effect, and ozone layer depletion than the traditional Malaysian curriculum. For this purpose, two classes from two different schools were randomly assigned to experimental (N = 35) and control condition (N = 38). Following the intervention, an ANCOVA with pre-test as the covariate showed statistically significant differences in understanding for all four topics; additional interviews with randomly selected students from experimental and control group further underscore the findings. Implications are discussed.

Assessment of the impact of short term studentship program on attitude of undergraduate medical students toward future research

Context: Exposure to research is essential in modern undergraduate (UG) medical curriculum. In India, various bodies like Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) and Department of Science and Technology, Kishore Vaigyanik Protsahan Yojana are promoting this. The ICMR initiated short term studentship (STS) program in 1979 to promote interest and aptitude for research in medical and dental students. Objectives: To analyze the STS program as a tool in sensitization of UG medical students toward research activity and to study the effect of UG research experience on student learning and attitude. Materials and Methods: The UG students from this institute who had completed STS projects were included in the study. They were given a questionnaire and briefly interviewed. Analysis of the factors contributing and inhibiting to take up research was done. Mainly qualitative methods were used. Results: A total of 72 students participated in the study. Among them were 20 (27.7%) were boys and 52 (72.2%) were girls Thirty (41.7%) students took up project to get oriented toward research, while 20 (27.8%) had interest in research. Inhibitions for taking up the projects were lack of knowledge, time constrains and lack of confidence. Factors attributed for successful project completion were constant support from guide, self-enthusiasm and proper time management. About 97.2% felt project has made significant difference in understanding of the subject. Totally 41% students were unable to present or publish the work done. The main hurdle faced for not presenting or publishing the work done was time constraint due to voluminous UG medical curriculum. Conclusion: Overall impact of this program was good. Though, the students showed good attitude toward research, the factors which are inhibiting the other students to come forward for projects needs to be addressed.

Source-code plagiarism in universities: a comparative study of student perspectives in China and the UK

There has been much research and discussion relating to variations in plagiaristic activity observed in students from different demographic backgrounds. Differences in behaviour have been noted in many studies, although the underlying reasons are still a matter of debate. Existing work focuses mainly on textual plagiarism, and most often derives results by studying (small) groups of overseas students studying in a Western context. This study investigates understanding of source-code plagiarism (i.e. plagiarism of computer programmes) amongst university students in China. The survey instrument was a Chinese translation of a survey previously administered in English in the UK. This paper reports the results of the exploratory survey conducted in China, and compares these results to those from a parallel survey conducted in the UK. The results show that there is a significant difference in understanding between the respondents from the two surveys, and suggest topics which a future and more comprehensive study may focus on.

ANALISIS TINGKAT PEMAHAMAN MAHASISWA AKUNTANSI TERHADAP KONSEP DASAR AKUNTANSI (Studi Empiris pada Mahasiswa Akuntansi di Universitas Bung Hatta Padang)

This study has several objectives first prove a significant difference in understanding of the assets, liabilities and capital between the students from SMK Accounting Department, High School and Madrasah Aliyah Department of Public IPS IPS majors. Prior to hypothesis testing performed prior sample collection is 68 students who have graduated from vocational secondary education level majoring in Accountancy, SMA study of majoring of IPS science Madrasah Aliyah common in college majoring in social studies at the Bung Hatta University of Padang. Type of data used are obtained through deployment of primary questionnaire. Variable study is a basic understanding of accounting concepts consisting of cash, liabilities and capital, while the distinguishing dimension is the level of formal education of students in the past. The process of hypothesis testing is done by using a statistical test that is using the Kruskal Walls. Based on the results of testing the first hypothesis of no difference in the understanding of accounting students from vocational education majoring in accounting, SMA students and Madrasah Aliyah major of IPS science. in understanding the basic concepts of accounting view of the assets. The second hypothesis found differences in the understanding of accounting students from vocational education majoring in accounting, high school social studies department, and public Madrasah Aliyah Department the major of IPS science of the basic concepts of accounting in view of the obligation. The third hypothesis found no differences in accounting students' understanding of vocational education majoring in accounting, SMA student, and Madrasah Aliyah general social studies department of the basic concepts of accounting view of capital.

Investigation and analysis of the awareness of "living wills" concept

Objective To understand current status of people' s awareness of living concept by investigating some urban community population' s cognition toward living wills.Methods Questionnaire was used to investigate 200 people in some urban community of their death attitude and cognition of living wills.The questionnaire was based on the survey done by Choice and dignity website and revised according to the reality.Cronbach' sα of every factor was above 0.800 0,and the total explanation rate of questionnaire variance was 76.74％ in three aspects including content validity,construct validity and referent validity.Results 190 valid questionnaires were recovered out of 200,with the efficiency rate of 95 ％.Urban community residents had a certain psychological foundation and concept basis to accept living but lack of in-depth understanding,including medical workers.The total score of cognition of living in male and female was respectively (2.61 ± 0.61) and (1.48 ± 0.56),and the difference was statistically significant (t =7.21,P ＜ 0.01).People with different ages had significant differences in understanding living (F =3.901,P ＜ 0.05).But people with different religions,incomes,occupations,marriage status and medical payment methods had no significant differences in their cognition of living (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The popularity of living can help people get rid of death as the plight of life.Living should be rooted in the forefront of ethics,and medical workers should play an active role in spreading living concept as well as in the collision between psycho-social and traditional customs. Key words: Questionnaire ; Living wills ; Community population

Novel Approach to Parental Permission and Child Assent for Research: Improving Comprehension

The aim of this research was to test a multimedia permission/assent (P/A) process. The overall hypothesis was that children and their parents exposed to a multimedia P/A process would have better comprehension compared with those exposed to a text-based process. Traditional and multimedia P/A processes were created by using an innovative learning-objective approach. A total of 194 parent-child dyads (children aged 11-14 years) were enrolled: 24 dyads in a prestudy testing P/A components for preference and effect on comprehension and 170 dyads in a randomized trial of a multimedia or paper P/A process for a hypothetical study. Participants were predominantly white and were from a metropolitan area served by a tertiary care pediatric hospital and outpatient facility. Comprehension of 8 essential elements of the P/A process was assessed. The majority of prestudy subjects preferred the video version of the dual-energy radiograph absorptiometry description over the animated and paper versions combined (41 of 48 [85%]; P < .0001), and there were similar results for the abdominal ultrasound description (38 of 47 [81%]; P < .0001). Children exposed to the novel process showed significantly better overall comprehension compared with the paper P/A process (P = .0009), and there were highly significant differences in understanding of study procedures (P = .0002) and risks (P < .0001). The parental multimedia group had significantly better overall comprehension (P = .03). Multimedia approaches to the research P/A process may improve overall understanding of research participation for children and parents. Improved understanding of study-specific research components (rather than research rights) may improve overall comprehension.

Genetically Modified Food: Knowledge and Attitude of Teachers and Students

The concepts behind the technology of genetic modification of organisms and its applications are complex. A diverse range of opinions, public concern and considerable media interest accompanies the subject. This study explores the knowledge and attitudes of science teachers and senior secondary biology students about the application of a rapidly expanding technology, genetic engineering, to food production. The results indicated significant difference in understanding of concepts related with genetically engineered food stuffs between teachers and students. The most common ideas about genetically modified food were that cross bred plants and genetically modified plants are not same, GM organisms are produced by inserting a foreign gene into a plant or animal and are high yielding. More teachers thought that genetically engineered food stuffs were unsafe for the environment. Both teachers and students showed number of misconceptions, for example, the pesticidal proteins produced by GM organisms have indirect effects through bioaccumulation, induces production of allergic proteins, genetic engineering is production of new genes, GM plants are leaky sieves and that transgenes are more likely to introgress into wild species than mutated species. In general, more students saw benefits while teachers were cautious about the advantages of genetically engineered food stuffs.

Assessment of technical efficiency of farmer teachers in the uptake and dissemination of push–pull technology in Western Kenya

Use of farmers as extension agents to disseminate new technologies to others is increasingly being adapted in smallholder farming systems. This paper examined technical efficiency (TE) of farmer teachers in the uptake and dissemination of a ‘push–pull’ technology (PPT) for control of Striga weed and stemborers in Western Kenya. A total sample of 112 farmer teachers (FTs) and 560 follower farmers (FFs) who had adopted the PPT were randomly selected and interviewed between July and August 2007. The farm production constraints significantly reduced with an overall 53% margin following PPT uptake. Overall, there were considerable benefits from training resulting in significant differences in understanding and applying of PPT. The farmers' extension strategy had a significant multiplier effect in increasing PPT uptake. The average TE by FTs was 78% while FFs had 71% suggesting room for improvement. The TE was influenced by farmers' interactions with neighbouring farmers, memberships in local groups, type of farmer, farmer's age, marital status and farmer's level of education. The efficiency can be improved by providing farmers with incentives and training, increasing field demonstrations, providing Desmodium seed and credit for other needed inputs to accelerate PPT transfer.

Staff Carers' Understanding of End of Life Care

Abstract Staff carers in pediatric skilled nursing facilities (PSNF) deal directly with dying residents, and are on the forefront of communication with families. These providers have expressed misunderstandings regarding the meaning of resuscitation status and redirection of care. This descriptive study evaluated perceptions and understanding of end of life issues by the staff in a PSNF who provide care for individuals with severe developmental disabilities and complex medical problems. A 16‐item pre‐intervention survey was administered to the staff prior to an informational presentation explaining issues related to end of life care. An 8‐item post‐intervention survey assessed any change in understanding of these issues. A total of 55 persons completed either a pre‐ or post‐intervention survey; 47 staff completed both surveys. While most staff carers were comfortable with providing care for patients with serious illnesses or needing comfort measures (narcotics, oxygen) when they are dying, they are significantly less comfortable with discontinuation of feeds or routine medications at the end of life. Observed was a significant increase in those who indicated it is acceptable to stop feedings for a dying patient in the post‐intervention survey, but there no significant difference in understanding of definition of DNR before or after the intervention. Authors note the need to provide more comprehensive information and support to assist staff carers to understand aspects of end of life care in a PSNF setting.

The assessment of depression awareness and help-seeking behaviour: experiences with the International Depression Literacy Survey

BackgroundDepression causes substantial disease burden in both developed and developing countries. To reduce this burden, we need to promote understanding of depression as a major health condition. The International Depression Literacy Survey (IDLS) has been developed to assess understanding of depression in different cultural and health care settings.MethodsFour groups of Australian university students completed the survey: medical students in second (n = 103) and fourth (n = 82) years of a graduate course, ethnic Chinese students (n = 184) and general undergraduate students (n = 38).ResultsDifferences between the student groups were evident, with fourth year medical students demonstrating greater general health and depression literacy than second year medical students. Australian undergraduate students demonstrated better depression literacy than those from ethnic Chinese backgrounds. Ethnicity also influenced help seeking and treatment preferences (with more Chinese students being inclined to seek help from pharmacists), beliefs about discrimination and perceptions regarding stigma.ConclusionThe IDLS does detect significant differences in understanding of depression among groups from different ethnic backgrounds and between those who differ in terms of prior health training. These preliminary results suggest that it may be well suited for use in a wider international context. Further investigation of the utility of the IDLS is required before these results could be extrapolated to other populations.

자기평가가 중학교 학생들의 과학 개념 이해 및 과학 관련 태도에 미치는 영향

이 연구에서는 자기평가가 중학교 학생들의 과학 개념 이해와 과학 관련 태도에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다. 연구대상은 자기평가를 실시한 3개 학급을 실험집단으로, 자기평가를 실시하지 않은 2개 학급을 통제집단으로 구분하였다. 실험집단은 자기평가를 실시한 후 피드백을 제공한 집단과 자기평가만 실시하고 피드백은 제공하지 않은 집단으로 구분하였다. 수업은 9주(20차시)에 걸쳐 실시하였고, 과학 개념 이해 검사는 사후, 과학 관련 태도 검사는 사전, 사후에 이루어졌다. 연구결과, 과학 개념 이해에서는 자기평가를 적용한 실험집단이 자기평가를 적용하지 않은 통제집단에 비해 더 향상된 것으로 나타났다. 또한 과학 관련 태도 향상에도 자기평가를 이용한 수업이 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 실험집단 내에서 피드백을 제공한 집단은 피드백을 제공하지 않은 집단에 비해 과학 관련 태도 향상에는 통계적으로 유의미한 차이를 보였으나, 과학 개념 이해에서는 유의미한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 자기평가에 대해 학생들은 자기평가가 후속 학습에 영향을 주며, 학습 태도 향상에 도움을 준다고 인식하고 있었다. In this study, the effects of a self-assessment on the students' science concept understanding and science-related attitudes were investigated. Student's perceptions towards the self-assessment were also examined. Five classes from a middle school in Gyunggi Province were chosen. Two of those classes were assigned to the control group that no self-assesment tool was applied to and the other 3 classes were assigned to the experimental group which a self-assess-ment tool developed for this study was applied to. The experimental group was further divided into two groups for imple-ment of two kinds of programs. One experimental group was provided some feedback such as solutions to problems and the other was not provided any type of feedback. The tests of science-related attitudes were administered before and after the instruction period. The science concepts understanding test was done only after the instruction. The results of this study were as follows. There were significant differences between the experimental group and control group in under-standing of scientific concepts. The enhancement of science-related attitudes was also higher for the experimental group. Providing feedback to students was more effective in the improvement of students' science-related attitudes. However, there were no significant differences in understanding of scientific concepts in relation to the feedback in experiment groups. From the above results, it was acknowledged thet self-assessment applied to the middle school science class showed considerably positive influences on the improvements of the understanding of scientific concepts and science-related attitudes.

State hospital patients and their medication--do they know what they take?

The author surveyed the population of a state hospital (N = 281) to ascertain the level of knowledge patients had about their medication. Approximately 8% of the patients correctly indicated the name of at least one medication they were taking, its dosage schedule, and its intended effect; approximately 54% of the patients evidenced no understanding of the medication they were regularly taking. Significant differences in understanding of medication were found as a function of diagnosis, age, and length of stay. The finding that few patients were knowledgeable about their medication raises doubts about recent court rulings on patients' competency to refuse medication.

Comparative study of diabetes knowledge among juvenile diabetics and their parents.

One hundred and twenty-nine children with diabetes from fifty-eight junior and senior high schools in the Minneapolis- St. Paul area and their parents were given a thirty-four-item test to evaluate their knowledge of diabetes and to determine if there were significant differences in understanding. Areas of deficiency were noted particularly involving understanding of diet, acidosis and alterations in management that occur with changes in activity or illness. Descriptive material is presented indicating that there is high correlation of knowledge levels between diabetic children and their parents.