Significant Differences In Total Cholesterol Research Articles

Clinical analysis of sirolimus therapy in children with refractory nephrotic syndrome

To investigate the clinical efficacy of sirolimus in treating children with refractory nephrotic syndrome, the clinical data for 22 children from the Children's Hospital of Hebei Province were analyzed retrospectively. There were 16 boys and six girls, and the treatment period was from September 2015 to April 2021. There were two patients with steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome (SDNS), six patients with frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome (FRNS), and 14 patients with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS). All patients were defined as having refractory nephrotic syndrome. There were 12 patients (including nine SRNS patients and three FRNS patients) with minimal change disease (MCD), three patients (three SRNS patients) with focal segmental glomerular sclerosis (FSGS), one FRNS patient with mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (MsPGN), and six patients without a kidney biopsy. Compared with levels before sirolimus treatment, 24-hour urine protein (24-h UP), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), urea (Ur) and serum creatinine (SCr) levels were significantly lower (all p < 0.05). Moreover, albumin (Alb) was significantly increased (p < 0.05), and there were no significant differences in total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride (TG), immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin G (IgG) or immunoglobulin M (IgM) (all p > 0.05) at the first follow-up. Sirolimus is effective as the first treatment of some children with refractory nephrotic syndrome, but its long-term efficacy and adverse reactions still require follow-up.

The efficacy and safety of GLP-1 agonists in PCOS women living with obesity in promoting weight loss and hormonal regulation: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

BackgroundThe efficacy of GLP1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RAs) in treating polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) remains unclear. While GLP1-RAs are known to promote weight loss in patients with diabetes and living with obesity, their impact on weight reduction and hormonal regulation in women with PCOS is understudied. Therefore, we aimed to assess the efficacy of GLP1-RAs in PCOS women living with obesity through a meta-analysis, comparing their effects to placebo. HypothesisThe use of GLP1-RAs in PCOS women living with obesity can reduce body mass index and waist circumference as well as improve hyperinsulinism, and hyperandrogenism as well as normalize total testosterone, total cholesterol and HOMA-IR markers in PCOS women living with obesity. MethodsWe systematically searched the PubMed, Cochrane Central, Scopus and Embase databases to identify randomized controlled trials (RCT) comparing GLP1-RAs versus placebo among women diagnosed with PCOS based on the Rotterdam Criteria. Our primary outcomes of interest included body mass index (BMI), triglycerides, waist circumference, total testosterone, total cholesterol, and HOMA-IR. We performed data extraction and quality assessment for studies that met the inclusion criteria. We pooled mean difference (MD) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) with a random-effect model for continuous endpoints. ResultsWe included 176 participants from four RCTs. Semaglutide and Liraglutide were used in 23 (13 %) and 103 (58 %) participants, respectively. GLP1-RAs use was associated with a significant reduction in waist circumference (MD: −5.16 cm; 95 % CI: −6.11 to −4.21; p ˂ 0.00001), body mass index (BMI) (MD: −2.42; 95 % CI: −3.10 to −1.74; p ˂ 0.00001), serum triglycerides (MD: −0.20; 95 % CI: −0.30 to −0.11; p ˂ 0.00001) and total testosterone levels (MD: −1.33; 95 % CI: −2.55 to −0.12; p = 0.03) when compared to placebo. There was no significant difference in total cholesterol (MD: −0.04; 95 % CI: −0.10 to 0.01; p = 0.15) and HOMA-IR (MD: −0.30; 95 % CI: −0.92 to 0.32; p = 0.35) levels. Adverse events information was available for 112 patients, where 49 had light side effects such as nausea and abdominal pain. ConclusionThe use of GLP1-RAs demonstrates efficacy in reducing BMI, triglycerides, waist circumference and total testosterone. There was no significant difference in total cholesterol and HOMA-IR levels. These results signify its viability as a favourable treatment option for managing PCOS symptoms in women living with obesity.

Antidyslipidaemic evaluation of coagulin C and withacoagulin isolated from Withania coagulans (Stocks) dunal berries in hypertension induced secondary dyslipidemia in albino mice

Vascular diseases like hypertension has often been associated with dyslipidemia. Sustained elevated blood pressure for not less than four weeks develops gross irregularities inside arteriolar lumen. The pathological changes might be due to intimal arteriosclerotic thickening causing tapering of the structural narrowing along the arterioles. It might also be due to occurrence of irregular damage in the vascular structure from focal arteriolar constriction and lead to secondary dyslipidemia. The pharmacological intervention may lead to rectification and therapeutic benefit against dyslipidemia.The withanolides coagulin C and withacoagulin were isolated by flash chromatography from the extracts of Withania coagulans (Stocks) Dunal berries. The withanolides were characterized using 1H NMR and 13C NMR, UV and mass spectrometry and confirmed as coagulin C and withacoagulin. The oral toxicity of coagulin C and withacoagulin were investigated in albino mice followed by their antidyslipidemic activity with two dose levels i.e. 25 mg/kg and 50 mg/Kg p.o. This dyslipidemia was secondary to hypertension which was developed by DOCA salt model (25 mg/kg; s.c.+ 2% NaCl). Mice were administered dose of 10, 50 and 500 mg/kg coagulin C and withacoagulin orally for 28 days daily for sub-acute toxicity effect.Coagulin C and withacoagulin were found to be tolerated upto 2000 mg/kg p.o. during acute toxicity study in mice. Coagulin C and withacoagulin were claimed to possess No-Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOEL) at the dose of 500 mg/kg orally. The high dose (50 mg/Kg) withacoagulin has highly significant difference in total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, LDL and VLDL levels in comparison to disease control group along with highly significant difference in triglyceride and VLDL level compared to animals of vehicle control group. Coagulin C at both the low (25 mg/Kg) and high dose (50 mg/Kg) have highly significant difference in comparison to vehicle control, disease control and positive control in controlling total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL and VLDL levels in the experimental animals indicating that coagulin C is not much as effective as withacoagulin in the normalization of altered lipid profile of the experimental animals.On the basis of spectroscopic analysis the isolated compounds from Withania coagulans (Stocks) Dunal berries were confirmed to be coagulin C and withacoagulin. Acute oral toxicity test in mice was found to have safe profile even at high dose for both the compounds. On development of secondary dyslipidemia due to DOCA salt induced hypertension in albino mice, both the isolated compounds showed different degree of correction in the altered lipid profile of the animals. Whereas withacoagulin has been found to have more significant and successful in controlling the altered lipid profile, coagulin C has only marginal effect. The docking studies also confirm the result and hence it can be suggested that withacoagulin is better than coagulin C in managing the alteration of lipid profile of the experimental mice.

Correlations Between the Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio, Platelet-Lymphocyte Ratio, and Serum Lipid Fractions With Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Introduction Age-related macular degeneration, a chronic and progressive disease, is one of the leading causes of vision loss globally among the elderly population. Multiple hypotheses have been proposed regarding its pathogenesis, including the presence of lipid metabolism alteration. Dysfunctional lipid handling within retinal pigment epithelial cells has been implicated in the accumulation of lipofuscin and subsequent induction of oxidative stress and inflammation, all contributing to retinal degeneration. The present study aims to comparatively analyze the serum lipid fractiondistributions in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and controls. Materials and methods A retrospective study was carried out between January 2021 and December 2023 on 91 naïve patients with neovascular AMD and 90 controlsadmitted for routine cataract surgery. All subjects underwent a comprehensive ophthalmological exam, including ophthalmoscopy and optical coherence tomography (OCT) with central macular thickness (CMT) measurement. A complete blood count with differential and lipid fractions values was analyzed. The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) were comparatively analyzed between the control group and the test group. Results The groups were comparable in terms of age (73.84 ±7.52 years for the neovascular AMD group vs 72.1±10.92 years in controls; p=0.8) and gender distribution (p=0.243). The mean NLR and PLR values were slightly higher in the AMD groupbut not statistically significant (p=0.51, p>0.99, respectively). Comparative analysis of lipid profile fractions showed significantly higher HDL-C values in the exudative AMD group compared to normal subjects (61.27±19.4 mg/dL vs 50.99±7.86 mg/dL, p=0.006). Also, the proportion of subjects with HDL-C>60 mg/dL was higher in the exudative AMD group (p=0.014). There were no significant differences in total cholesterol (189.77±53.39 mg/dL vs 190.43±37.84 mg/dL, p=0.681), LDL-C, and TG. Logistic regression analysis showed that serum HDL-C and HDL-C values >60 mg/dL are significantly associated factors with neovascular AMD. However, there is no statistical correlation between the values of these biochemical parameters and visual acuity or CMT in the neovascular AMD patient group. Conclusions There were no correlations between NLR and PLR with neovascular AMD in the study group. Higher HDL-C valuesexceeding 60 mg/dL were associated with neovascular age-related macular degeneration and could represent a possible therapeutic target in neovascular AMD.

Do polyphenols affect body fat and/or glucose metabolism?

Obesity is reaching epidemic proportions with 51% of the population expected to be obese by 2030. Recently, polyphenols have been highlighted as an effective approach to managing obesity and associated risks. Polyphenols are a large class of bioactive plant compounds classified into two major categories: flavonoids which are distinguished by the fundamental C6-C3-C6 skeleton and non-flavonoids. This systematic review evaluated the effect of different polyphenol sources in overweight and obese people with and without type 2 diabetes. The primary outcome was lipid profile and the secondary outcomes were blood glucose, HbA1c (%), HOMA-IR, weight, and body mass index. A search was undertaken in PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, and Wiley for randomized control trials that assessed different sources of polyphenols in overweight and obese people with or without type 2 diabetes. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Quality Assessment Tool. The search yielded 935 studies, of which six randomized control trials met the inclusion criteria. Five studies found no significant difference in lipid profile between the control and intervention groups in triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol. However, one study showed significant differences in triglycerides (p = 0.04) and HDL cholesterol (p = 0.05) between the two groups with no significant difference in total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol. There were no significant changes in blood glucose observed in the included studies, with only two studies reporting a significant difference in A1c between the groups. Four studies found no difference in HOMA-IR, while one study showed a significant decrease in HOMA-IR in the intervention group compared to the control group. Three studies reported no difference in BMI or weight between the two groups. The data associated with the specific health benefits of polyphenols and their sources in people with overweight, obese, and type 2 diabetes are still limited, so further research is required to support their use and prove their benefits.

An analysis of the association between breast density and body mass index with breast cancer molecular subtypes in early breast cancer: data from a Spanish population

PurposeBreast cancer is an important health problem, like obesity and dyslipidemia, with a strong association between body mass index (BMI) and breast cancer incidence and mortality. The risk of breast cancer is also high in women with high mammographic breast density (MBD). The purpose of this study was to analyze the association between BMI and MBD according to breast cancer molecular subtypes.MethodsThis transversal, descriptive, multicenter study was conducted at three Spanish breast cancer units from November 2019 to October 2020 in women with a recent diagnosis of early breast cancer. Data were collected at the time of diagnosis.ResultsThe study included 162 women with a recent diagnosis of early breast cancer. The median age was 52 years and 49.1% were postmenopausal; 52% had normal weight, 32% overweight, and 16% obesity. There was no association between BMI and molecular subtype but, according to menopausal status, BMI was significantly higher in postmenopausal patients with luminal A (p = 0.011) and HER2-positive (p = 0.027) subtypes. There was no association between MBD and molecular subtype, but there were significant differences between BMI and MBD (p < 0.001), with lower BMI in patients with higher MBD. Patients with higher BMI had lower HDL-cholesterol (p < 0.001) and higher insulin (p < 0.001) levels, but there were no significant differences in total cholesterol or vitamin D.ConclusionsThis study showed higher BMI in luminal A and HER2-positive postmenopausal patients, and higher BMI in patients with low MBD regardless of menopausal status.

LOWER PEAK ATRIAL LONGITUDINAL STRAIN VALUES ARE ASSOCIATED WITH OBESITY AND INSULIN RESISTANCE IN YOUNG PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSION

Objective: The aim of the study was to compare features of left atrium remodeling in young patients with arterial hypertension (HTN) according to metabolic health status Design and method: We enrolled 83 young subjects (23 [21; 25] years, 87% males) with HTN diagnosed with office blood pressure (BP) measurement and 24-hours ambulatory BP monitoring according to ESC guidelines criteria (2018). Patients with diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases were not included. We performed routine clinical examination and lab tests and two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography. Patients were divided in two subgroups according to their relation to median of left atrial reservoir strain (LASr) in general population (Nielsen AB. et al., 2021. doi:10.1093/ehjci/jeab201). We estimated and compared main clinical characteristics of obesity and lipid and carbohydrates metabolism including HOMA-IR and non-insulin-based metabolic scores for insulin resistance in derived subgroups with T-test. Results: Groups had similar age, sex and BP structure. Subjects with LASr less than 39,4% (n = 48) had higher body mass index (27,2±5,0 vs 24,1±3,7, p=0,0041), waist circumference (93,4±14,0 vs 83,0±10,7, p=0,001) and waist-to-hips ratio (0,90±0,07 vs 0,84±0,07, p=0,0007). Characteristics of lipid metabolism also varied in 2 groups: in lower LASr subgroup triglycerides concentration was higher (1,53±1,06 vs 0,81±0,28, p=0,0005) and high density lipoproteins (HDL) was lower (1,18±0,28 vs 1,55±0,53, p=0,0003) while there was no significant difference in total cholesterol and low density lipoproteins levels. Fasting glucose and HOMA-IR did not differ between the groups but significant differences were observed for non-insulin-based metabolic scores: in lower LASr group METS-IR, TG/HDL ratio and TyG index were higher (41,6±9,25 vs 33,0±6,4, p&lt;0,0001; 3,38±2,94 vs 1,34±0,68, p=0,0004 and 8,55±0,60 vs 8,02±0,30, p&lt;0,0001, respectively). In reverse stepwise regression model for the general group LASr were independently associated with the level of left ventricular ejection fraction, DBP24h, METS-IR index, while the relationship with the HDL-C, SBP24h, relative wall thickness, E/e’ were lost (METS-IR index and HDL-C were included after checking the collinearity). Conclusions: young patients with HTN with lower LASr have worse metabolic status estimated with non-insulin-based metabolic scores and obesity characteristics.

ASSESSMENT OF HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS’ COMPLEX METABOLIC STATUS IN THE NORTHEASTERN REGION OF HUNGARY USING DATA MINING METHODS

Objective: Previously, the metabolic status of Central and Eastern European hypertensive adult patients has not been thoroughly explored. Therefore, we aimed to identify the prevalence of hypertension and its associated metabolic abnormalities in a relatively large adult population using data mining methods. Design and method: We analyzed the data of adults who visited the University of Debrecen Clinical Center’s hospital (n = 937,249) by evaluating a period of 20 years (2001-2021). Results: We identified a total of 292,561 adults with hypertension (male/female: 45.4/54.6%), with a 31.2% calculated prevalence of hypertension in the whole study population and a higher prevalence in males (33%) compared to females (29.9%). We found an increasing prevalence in consecutive age groups both in males and females up to the age of 80. The ratio of males with hypertension was higher from 18 to 65 years of age. Markedly higher body mass index (BMI) values were found in hypertensive patients as compared to non-hypertensives (29.5±6.3 vs. 26.57±5.6 kg/m2, p&lt;0.001). A significantly higher triglyceride level was found in hypertensive adults compared to non-hypertensives (1.46 (1.06–2.07) vs. 1.19 (0.82–1.73 mmol/L, p&lt;0.001). We could not find significant differences in total cholesterol and LDL-C levels in the entire patient population (5.1±1.2 vs. 5.0±1.2 mmol/L and 3.1±0.99 vs. 3.1±1.0 mmol/L, respectively). Significantly higher serum glucose levels (5.8 (5.2–6.9) vs. 4.7 (4.6–5.8) mmol/L, p&lt;0.001) were found in subjects with hypertension. Significantly higher urea and creatinine levels were found in hypertensive patients compared to normotensives (5.78 (4.6–7.5) vs. 4.6 (3.7–5.7) mmol/L, p&lt;0.001 and 76 (64–92) vs. 69 (59–81) μmol/L, p&lt;0.001, respectively). Furthermore, we also assessed the rate of significant concomitant diseases in our hypertensive population. Conclusions: The results proved that data mining is an excellent yet not-too-widespread method used to define prevalence in large patient cohorts. This novel way of statistical analysis could be beneficial not only for regional clinical practice but nationwide strategies as well.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of serum lipid concentrations in people with Down syndrome.

Down syndrome (DS) is the most prevalent chromosomal disorder, being the leading cause of intellectual disability. The increased life expectancy of individuals with DS has led to a shift in the incidence of non-communicable chronic diseases, resulting in new concerns, particularly cardiovascular disease (CVD) and Alzheimer's disease. This study aimed to analyse the blood lipid profile of a large DS cohort to establish a baseline for evaluating health risk parameters. A comprehensive literature search was conducted on PubMed and Virtual Health Library databases to identify original articles published before July 2022. Selected studies were included in the meta-analysis. Fifteen studies reporting serum lipid levels in individuals with DS were incorporated into the analysis. The meta-analysis used the means and standard deviations extracted from the selected studies. The analysis encompassed 671 participants in the DS group and 898 euploid controls. The results indicated significant differences in total cholesterol [C] (mean difference [MD]: -3.34; CI: 95%: -4.94 to -1.73; P<0.0001), HDL-C (MD: -3.39; CI: 95%: -6.72 to -0.06; P=0.05) and triglycerides (MD: 21.48; CI: 95%: 9.32 to 33.65; P=0.0005) levels between individuals with DS and their control counterparts. Individuals with DS have less favourable blood lipid concentrations than their controls, particularly HDL-C, triglycerides, and total-C, even when grouped by age. These findings underscore the importance of closer monitoring of lipid profiles in people with DS and the necessity for specific cut-offs for this population, considering the risk for ischemic heart and Alzheimer's diseases.

Effects of Whole-Plant Corn Silage on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Indices, and Fecal Microorganisms in Hezuo Pigs.

In this study, we investigated the effects of the dietary inclusion of different proportions of whole-plant corn silage on growth performance, serum biochemical indexes, and intestinal microorganisms in Hezuo pigs. Thirty-two two-month-old Hezuo pigs (body weight: 7.88 ± 0.81 kg) were randomly divided into four groups of eight pigs (half male, half female) each. The control (CON) group received a basal diet, while the three experimental groups were fed the basal diet, part of which had been replaced with 5%, 10%, and 15% whole-plant corn silage, respectively. The experiment lasted for 127 days, including 7 days of pre-testing and 120 days of formal testing. At the end of the experiment, blood and fecal samples were collected. Compared with the CON group, the feed-to-gain ratio was significantly lower in the 10% test group (p < 0.05), whereas the total protein, albumin, triglyceride, and glucose contents were significantly higher (p < 0.05). No significant differences in total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, creatinine, urea, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase were observed among the groups (p > 0.05). The addition of whole-plant corn silage to the diet significantly increased alpha diversity in the pig gut based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The principal coordinate analysis results showed significant clustering of the different groups (p < 0.05). At the phylum level, the addition of whole-plant corn silage to the diet significantly decreased (p < 0.05) the relative abundance of Firmicutes and significantly increased (p < 0.05) that of Bacteroidetes. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Streptococcus significantly decreased (p < 0.05) with increasing silage supplementation levels, whereas species diversity significantly increased (p < 0.05). In conclusion, 10% is the recommended inclusion ratio for whole-plant corn silage in the diets of pigs.

Correlation between lipid levels at different stages of pregnancy and pregnancy outcome and complications.

To explore correlation between lipid levels at different stages of pregnancy and outcomes and complications of pregnancy. The clinical data of 1000 parturients were retrospectively analyzed. The incidence of perinatal complications was counted, and the blood lipid levels of pregnant women with and without complications during pregnancy were compared. Additionally, the pregnancy outcomes of women with different lipid levels were compared. There were statistically significant differences in total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels among early, mid, and late pregnancy (all P < 0.05). Single-factor analysis showed that TG in the complication group was higher than that of the non-complication group, while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was lower (both P < 0.05). Dyslipidemia was detected in 932 (95.20%) of cases in the complication group and 19 (90.48%) cases in the non-complication group, with no significant difference between the groups (P=0.630). There was also no significant difference in the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcome between the dyslipidemia and non-dyslipidemia groups (P=0.396). Multifactor analysis showed that TC, TG, HDL, and LDL-C in the first, second, or third trimesters were not risk factors for complications or adverse pregnancy outcome (P > 0.05). Correlation analysis indicated that TC, TG, HDL-C, and LDL-C in the first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy had no significant correlation with the number of complications (First trimester: r=0.099, 0.146, -0.106, 0.137; Second trimester: r=0.027, 0.152, -0.102, 0.009; Third trimester: r=0.031, 0.191, -0.064, -0.056). The serum lipid levels of pregnant women increased significantly in the second and third trimesters. However, there was no correlation between these elevated serum lipid levels and pregnancy complications or adverse outcome.

SCD Dyslipidemia Normalizes Long-Term Following Nonmyeloablative Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation

Dyslipidemia is common in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). Individuals with SCD have a unique type of dyslipidemia. This SCD dyslipidemia (hypocholesterolemia subtype) is characterized by low total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), and normal triglycerides (TG). This SCD dyslipidemia state is theorized to be cardioprotective regarding atherosclerotic risk due to the hypolipidemic condition. Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is a potentially curative therapy for SCD. Nonmyeloablative HCT has been employed at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and internationally with good results. Long-term survivors of HCT, specifically for hematologic malignancies, are at increased risk for dyslipidemia (hypercholesterolemia subtype), thus increasing atherosclerotic risk long-term. There are no studies investigating the short or long-term effects of HCT on SCD dyslipidemia. Therefore, we report a novel study to characterize lipid profiles at baseline and after HCT for SCD. This cohort study analyzes data from patients who received their first nonmyeloablative HLA-matched sibling or haploidentical HCT for SCD at the NIH from May 2009 to December 2021. All patients received sirolimus as GVHD prophylaxis. Total cholesterol, HDL-c, LDL-c, and triglycerides were collected pre-HCT, one-year post-HCT, and annually thereafter via a fasting serum-based lipid panel (median follow-up of 4 years). Data were analyzed using linear generalized estimating equation regression models to measure the influence of factors such as year of HCT, sirolimus use, gender, age, and graft failure on TC, LDL-c, HDL-c, and TG levels. A total of 116 patients were included in this analysis. There were 72 male and 44 female patients. The median age was 31 (range 10 to 64) years. 90% of the patients had Hb-SS, 3% Hb-SC, 5% Hb-Sβ 0, and 2% Hb-Sβ +. Overall survival is 87%, and 19% experienced graft failure. The median time on sirolimus post-HCT was one year. Baseline, one-year, and two-year mean (25th, 75th percentile) values, respectively, for the TC, LDL-c, HDL-c, and TG are as follows: TC [130.7 (107.0, 147.0), 183.2 (144.5, 220.0), 175.2 (144.5, 209.0)], LDL-c [72.5 (50.0, 87.0), 109 (73.5, 130), 104.2 (75.5, 128.0)], HDL-c [32.3 (23.8, 39.3), 49.4 (38.0, 55.5), 49.2 (41.5, 58.0)] and TG [127.3 (88.5, 156.5), 125.9 (87.0, 153.5), 112.6 (72.0, 133.5)]. Generally, the first-year post-HCT changes were maintained annually thereafter. (Figure 1). According to linear regression modeling, the change in TC, LDL-c, HDL-c, and TG at one-year post-HCT was +50.3 mg/dL (p&amp;lt;0.0001), +36.4 mg/dL (p &amp;lt;0.0001), +20.4 mg/dL (p&amp;lt;0.0001) and -26.5 mg/dL (p&amp;lt;0.0001), respectively. For failed grafts, the estimated changes after one-year post-HCT in TC, LDL-c, HDL-c, and TG were +6.5 mg/dL (p=0.45), -2.1 mg/dL (p=0.78), +14.8 mg/dL (p&amp;lt;0.0001), and -28.0 (p=0.03), respectively. The use of sirolimus only resulted in a significant change in TG (+32.8 mg/dL (p = 0.004)). Age had statistically significant changes only on TC (+1.08 mg/dL for a one-year change in age, p=0.005) and LDL-c (+0.73 mg/dL for a one-year change in age, p=0.03). There were no significant differences in TC, LDL-c, HDL-c, and TG levels (p&amp;gt;0.05) based on gender and HCT type. To summarize, HCT with sustained grafts led to significant rises in TC, LDL-c, and HDL-c and a decline in TG from baseline to one-year post-HCT, resulting in the normalization of lipid profiles. These changes were maintained annually thereafter. Graft failure most notably resulted in TC and LDL-c level declines back to pre-HCT baseline (Figure 2), while HDL-c and TG levels did not completely revert to baseline values. Sirolimus effects were significant on TG levels alone. These findings suggest that the mechanism underlying SCD dyslipidemia is corrected with the reversal of SCD. Long-term follow-up studies are indicated to assess patients' risk for atherosclerosis and adverse cardiac outcomes.

Abstract 12350: The Impact of an Electronic Best Practice Advisory on Patients’ Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Risk Profile

Background: Regular physical activity (PA) is one of eight components of cardiovascular health and it is associated with numerous benefits including a lower risk of CVD. Promoting PA to sedentary patients in primary care can result in significant improvements in PA. The aims of this study were to implement a PA counseling intervention using an electronic best practice advisory (BPA), in a preventive cardiology clinic, and to assess changes in PA and CVD risk factors in a sample of patients enrolled in 12 weeks of PA monitoring. Methods: Patients were assessed with the 3-question (days/minutes/intensity) physical activity vital sign (PAVS) via their electronic patient portal prior to an office visit. Those who self-reported less than 50% of current PA recommendations prompted a BPA to their cardiologist to counsel them on improving their PA. Patients were then offered participation in remote patient monitoring wearing a Fitbit for 12 weeks. Blood pressure, waist circumference, lipids, BMI, PA (using the PAVS and Fitbit step-counts) and the six-minute walk test (for cardiorespiratory fitness) were measured at baseline and 12 weeks. Paired t -tests assessed for changes in these CVD risk factors from baseline to 12 weeks. We calculated the percent of participants who achieved a clinically important difference of 25 meters in the six-minute walk test. Results: The enrolled sample (n=59) were primarily female (51%), White adults (76%) with a mean age of 61.13±11.6 years. There was significant improvement in moderate-to-vigorous PA as self-reported by the PAVS (43±86 vs. 114±157, p=.005). There was no significant difference between week 2 step counts (baseline) and week 12 (p=.07). There was significant improvement in the distance covered (in meters) during the six-minute walk test (469±108 vs. 494±132, p=.0034) and 23 participants (42%) improved at least 25 meters. There were also significant differences in total cholesterol (163±51 mg/dl at baseline vs. 148±45mg/dl at 12 weeks; p=.0.02). No other improvements in CVD risk factors were noted. Conclusion: Patients who reported low PA and triggered a BPA for PA counseling had improvements in some, but not all, CVD risk factors. Additional counseling may be needed to improve and maintain PA levels in patients at risk of CVD.

Relationship between Dry Eye Disease and Dyslipidemia: A Systematic Review.

Dyslipidemia has been suggested to be associated with the occurrence of dry eye disease (DED). However, whether dyslipidemia is responsible for the development of DED remains unclear. In this systematic review, we explored the relationship between DED and dyslipidemia by using quantitative data. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, we conducted a comprehensive literature search in several databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, and obtained six relevant studies. Our findings indicated that the majority of the selected studies reported a statistically significant association between dyslipidemia and DED, particularly in women. However, our quantitative analysis revealed that only two studies reported statistically significant differences in total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol values. No statistically significant differences exist in the majority of lipid profile parameters between individuals with and without DED, but there is a statistically significant association between dyslipidemia and DED.

Analysis of Fecal Microbiota in Patients with Hypertension Complicated with Ischemic Stroke.

Ischemic stroke is a disease with a very high incidence in the clinic, and hypertension is the most important variable risk factor of ischemic stroke. Studies have shown that intestinal microbes are involved in the occurrence and development of various diseases. This study aims to explore whether intestinal microbes play an important role in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke in a hypertensive population. In this study, the inpatients in the Department of Neurology and Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University in April 2021 were selected, including seven patients with hypertension complicated with ischemic stroke and only seven patients with hypertension. After collecting the stool samples of patients, the gene sequence of the samples was detected by 16S rRNA sequencing technology, and the double-ended 2 × 150bp sequencing was carried out. After sequencing, the results were analyzed by diversity analysis, species difference analysis, species function difference analysis, and other bioinformatics tests. According to the test results, serum proteomics and biochemical blood tests were carried out to verify. There was no significant difference in α diversity and β diversity between hypertension complicated with the cerebral infarction and hypertension groups. LEfSe analysis showed that at the genus level, compared with the hypertension group, Bacteroides, UCG_009, and Eisenbergiella had significantly increased relative abundance. The genera with relatively significantly reduced abundance are Ruminococcus_gnavus_group, Sutterellaceae, Burkholderia, and Prevotella and the LDA score of Prevotella is < - 4, which indicates that there are significant differences. Compared with the blood biochemical indexes, the results showed that the level of APOA1 in hypertensive patients with ischemic stroke was significantly higher than that in hypertensive patients (p < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in total cholesterol (CHOL), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), apolipoprotein B (APOB), and free fatty acid (NEFA). Proteomic analysis showed that there were 89 up-regulated genes and 51 down-regulated genes in the serum of the two groups, and the expression of APOC2 and APOC3 in the cerebral infarction group with hypertension was significantly higher than that in the hypertension group (p < 0.05). The intestinal diversity of patients with hypertension complicated with stroke is similar to that of patients with hypertension, but there are differences in microbiota, among which Prevotella is the most significant. Prevotella could affect lipid metabolism so that APOC2 and APOC3 in the blood are significantly increased, leading to cerebral artery atherosclerosis and, finally, ischemic stroke. This provides a new idea for preventing and treating ischemic stroke in patients with hypertension, but the mechanism of Prevotella acting on apolipoprotein needs further verification by basic medical research.

Effects of Indonesian Shortfin Eel (Anguilla bicolor) By-Product Oil Supplementation on HOMA-IR and Lipid Profile in Obese Male Wistar Rats.

The prevalence of people being overweight and obese has increased globally over the past decades. The use of omega-3 fatty acids-a compound usually primarily found in fish oil-has been known to improve the metabolic profile of obese patients. As the demand for eels increases, the number of waste products from the eels increases and creates environmental problems. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of a newly discovered Indonesian Shortfin eel by-product oil supplementation on the Homeostasis Model Assessment-Estimated Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and lipid profiles of obese male (Lee index ≥ 0.3) Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). The oil was extracted from waste products (heads). Fifteen obese rats were divided into three groups and were administered NaCl (C), commercial fish oil (CO), and Indonesian shortfin eel by-product oil (EO). All groups had statistically significant differences in total cholesterol, LDL, and triglyceride levels (p < 0.05). The CO and EO group showed a significant decrease in total cholesterol, LDL, and triglyceride after treatment. However, no significant difference was found in HDL levels and HOMA-IR. The supplementation of Indonesian shortfin eel by-product oil significantly improved lipid profile while effectively mitigating environmental challenges.

Relationship between atherogenic index of plasma and childhood asthma

To explore the relationship between atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and childhood asthma. This retrospective study included 86 children with asthma admitted to the Changzhou Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University from July 2020 to August 2022 as the asthma group and 149 healthy children undergoing physical examination during the same period as the control group. Metabolic parameters including total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and blood glucose, as well as general information of the children such as height, weight, body mass index, presence of specific dermatitis, history of inhalant allergen hypersensitivity, family history of asthma, and feeding history, were collected. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to study the relationship between AIP, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and asthma. The value of AIP, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol for predicting asthma was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The AIP and triglyceride levels in the asthma group were significantly higher than those in the control group, while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was significantly lower (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol between the two groups (P>0.05). Before and after adjusting for height, weight, presence of specific dermatitis, history of inhalant allergen hypersensitivity, family history of asthma, feeding method, and blood glucose, multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that AIP, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were associated with asthma (P<0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the optimal cutoff value for predicting asthma with AIP was -0.333, with a sensitivity of 80.2%, specificity of 55.0%, positive predictive value of 50.71%, and negative predictive value of 82.85%. The area under the curve (AUC) for AIP in predicting asthma was significantly higher than that for triglycerides (P=0.009), but there was no significant difference in AUC between AIP and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P=0.686). AIP, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol are all associated with asthma. AIP has a higher value for predicting asthma than triglycerides and comparable value to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

VITAMIN D SCREENING BEFORE FERTILITY TREATMENT PLANS: PILOT STUDY IN PCOS AND NON-PCOS INFERTILE WOMEN

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and hypovitaminosis D are two most common endocrine disorders in young women leading to many adverse metabolic consequences. Objective of this study was to compare Vitamin D (VD) levels, Body Mass Index (BMI), lipid profile, hormonal parameters, and oocytes in PCOS and non-PCOS infertile females and to explore any association of VD levels with these parameters. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2019 to June 2020 after ethical approval at Aga Khan University in collaboration with Australian Concept of Infertility Medical Centre (ACIMC). It was conducted on 88 infertile females with age range 25–45 years recruited for Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI). Subjects were divided into two groups; PCOS (n=37) and non-PCOS (n=51) based on diagnostic criteria of PCOS. Serum VD was analyzed using ELISA. Statistical analysis was performed on SPSS-20. Mann-Whitney U-test and Spearman’s rank correlation were applied. Results: The mean BMI was significantly higher among PCOS as compared to non-PCOS women (p&lt;0.001). There were statistically significant differences in total cholesterol, triglycerides, Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL-C), High Density Lipoprotein (HDL-C), and Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL) among groups (p&lt;0.05). There was significant correlation of vitamin D with maturity of oocytes (r=0.836, p&lt;0.0001). Conclusion: The findings indicated that PCOs women were obese, had abnormal lipid profile with low VD levels. Low levels of VD were associated with poor maturity of oocytes which is required for successful conception. Pak J Pysiol 2023;19(2):15–9

CHARACTERISTICS OF DYSLIPIDEMIA IN THE CROATIAN RURAL AREA DAMAGED BY AN EARTHQUAKE. “THE SILENT KILLER HUNT” - CROATIAN SOCIETY OF HYPERTENSION PROJECT

Objective: Dyslipidemia is one of the most prevalent cardiovascular risk factors, making its detection and control essential due to the risk of serious complications. Prevention and sensible management of dyslipidemia can markedly alter cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of dyslipidemia among the adult population in a rural part of Croatia seriously damaged by the earthquake and evaluate the gender-associated differences in lipid profiles. Design and method: Blood samples of 244 subjects (188 women) (opportunistic screening) were collected under fasting conditions. The bloodwork results were analyzed using descriptive statistics and t-tests were used for checking differences between the sexes. Results: The average age of the whole group was 61.9 ± 14.3 years. Prevalence of hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, elevated LDL cholesterol levels and low HDL cholesterol levels were 59.0%, 34.8%, 57.0%, and 32.0%, respectively. Average values of total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol were 5.4 ± 1.7mmol/l, triglyceride 1.8 ± 1.1 mmol/l, 1.4 ± 0.3 mmol/l, and 3.3 ± 1.02 mmol/l. We failed to find a significant difference in total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol between men and women (p&gt;0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in triglyceride and HDL cholesterol levels between men and women with men showing higher levels of triglycerides (t = 2.08, p&lt;0.05) and lower levels of HDL cholesterol (t = -4.1, p&lt;0.05) than women. Conclusions: The prevalence of dyslipidemia in this rural area is high, higher than in other rural parts of Croatia indicating that stressful life after the earthquake and an unhealthy diet might contribute to this. Primary prevention i.e. education and regular examination of this vulnerable population should be in focus and even more intensive than in other rural, remote areas.

Association between androgen receptor gene alteration and osteoporosis in Chinese Han elderly men.

To explore the role of blood glucose, blood lipids, and androgen receptor gene (CAG)n genotype in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis in Chinese Han men and to provide theoretical value for screening people susceptible to osteoporosis. Patients who visited the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College from February 2021 to October 2021 were selected as research subjects to measure bone density by double-energy X-ray, osteoporosis patients as osteoporosis group (40 patients), and non-osteoporosis patients as the control group (40 patients). The STR method detected the repeat times of the androgen receptor gene (CAG)n in the two groups. The repeat times ≤22 were the SS genotype, and >22 were the LL genotype. Meanwhile, the patient's age, body mass index (BMI), blood glucose, blood lipids, calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase examined on day one after admission were collected, and the statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0. The results of the univariate analysis showed that there was no significant difference in age, calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, and glycosylated hemoglobin between the two groups (P > 0.05). There were significant differences in average blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and genotype frequency (P < 0.05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis results showed significant differences in total cholesterol and genotype frequency between the two groups (P < 0.05). Androgen receptor LL genotype and elevated total cholesterol may be the risk factors for osteoporosis in older men of Han nationality.