Significant Differences In Relation Research Articles

Ultrasonography for sex determination of Lebranche mullet

Ultrasonography has been increasingly used in aquaculture breeding programs for non-invasive determination of sex and the gonad maturation stage in fish. For the first time, this image exam was performed on a mugilid (Lebranche mullet). Nineteen male and 12 female fish were submitted to this evaluation, which were selected because they were identified to be in the final gonad maturation stage, which was previously confirmed through spermiation by abdominal pressure and ovarian sampling biopsy (oocytes of 626 ± 12 μm), respectively. The ultrasound images were obtained after anesthesia, using a linear multifrequency probe at the frequency of 8 MHz in females and 10 MHz in males, which revealed significant differences in echogenicity between the gonads. In males, the testes presented a hypoechoic and homogeneous aspect, while in females the ovaries had a hyperechoic appearance and granular echotexture, compared to adjacent body structures. The scanning time for sexual identification and characterization of reproductive system structures in each fish was 2.58 ± 1.68 seconds for males and 2.40 ± 1.05 seconds for females, there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in relation to sexing time. Thus, the identification of the sex of the Lebranche mullet (Mugil liza) through ultrasonography proved to be an effective, fast and non-invasive method when applied to fish with mature gonads during the species’ reproductive period.

Posterolateral Knee Ligament Reconstruction Using the Arciero Technique Provides Greater Rotational Stability Than the Modified Larson Technique: A Biomechanical Study

Background: It is still unknown if the double–femoral tunnel technique (Arciero [ARC]) provides better stability as compared with the single–femoral tunnel technique (modified Larson [LAR]) in posterolateral corner reconstruction. The ideal angle of fixation of the popliteofibular strand in ARC is also unknown. Hypotheses: The ARC provides greater external rotation (ER) stability than the LAR (hypothesis 1); there is no difference in varus rotation (VR) stability between LAR and ARC (hypothesis 2); and femoral fixation of the popliteofibular strand at 60° during the ARC leads to greater ER stability than fixation at 30° or 90° of knee flexion (hypothesis 3). Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Eight fresh-frozen human knees were tested in a knee test bench in 4 states: native, posterolateral deficiency, LAR, and ARC. With the ARC, the popliteofibular strand was fixed at 30°, 60°, and 90° (ARC30, ARC60, ARC90). The order of testing (LAR/ARC) was randomized. A tibial ER and VR torque of 5 N·m was applied at 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90°. Rotation degrees were captured using an ultrasound-based analysis system. Wilcoxon signed rank tests were used to assess statistical significance between paired groups in different states. Results: The ARC and LAR significantly improved VR and ER stability at all flexion angles in comparison with posterolateral deficiency (P < .05). At 60° and 90°, ARC30 showed significantly greater ER stability in comparison with the LAR (mean ± SD; ARC30 vs LAR at 60°, 21.2°± 5.1° vs 15.4°± 5.6° [P < .05]; ARC30 vs LAR at 90°, 23.7°± 5.6° vs 16.8°± 6.3° [P < .05]). At 90°, the LAR showed significantly greater VR instability in comparison with the native state (3.5°± 1.5° vs 2.5°± 1.0°; P = .012), and ARC30 was not significantly different from the native state with respect to VR (2.9°± 1.5° vs 2.5°± 1.0°; P = .327). No significant differences in ER and VR were found among ARC30, ARC60, and ARC90 at any flexion angle (P≥ .05). Conclusion: The ARC technique provided greater tibial ER stability in comparison with the LAR at higher flexion angles (hypothesis 1 accepted). There were no differences between LAR and ARC in restoring VR stability, except at 90° (hypothesis 2 partly accepted). Different femoral flexion angles for fixation of the popliteofibular strand during the ARC did not show any significant differences in relation to knee stability (hypothesis 3 rejected). Clinical Relevance: Posterolateral corner reconstruction using the ARC technique provides greater ER stability at higher flexion angles than the modified LAR technique.

Electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of three-dimensional multilayered interlaced woven fabrics using stainless steel fibers.

This study explores and discusses the design, the manufacturing and the morphology of three-dimensional (3D) multilayered weft interlaced woven fabrics using stainless steel fibers on the electromagnetic shielding efficiency (SE). Design solutions of 3D multilayered interlaced fabrics in relation to electromagnetic shielding efficiency are still not sufficiently investigated. Moreover, this study aims to analyze the differences in the internal geometry of 3D multilayered weft interlaced fabrics with different number of layers and frequency of connecting points in multilayered woven fabrics on electromagnetic SE. For this study, the input staple yarn 2×20 tex (mixed 80% polyester/20% stainless steel fibers) is used for production of approximately 28 types of different 3D multilayer weft interlaced woven fabrics (two and three-layer), with connecting points ranging from 0.5cm×0.5cm-5cm×5cm. The comparison of internal fabric microstructures indicates statistically significant differences in relation to SE, and this contribution extends the theoretical guidance of woven fabric construction with the design and production of special 3D multilayered interlaced fabrics with controlled SE.

Factors Associated with Dental Caries Prevalence Among Socially Vulnerable Children

The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between socioeconomic factors and the oral health status (OHS) of children in socially vulnerable situations assisted by a prominent nongovernmental organization in Fortaleza, Ceará state, Brazil. This is a cross-sectional observational study with a quantitative approach. One hundred children aged 5 to 6 years were included. Most children (n = 71, 71%) had dental caries. Only access to running water showed a statistically significant difference (p = 0.005) in relation to the level of dental pain. Correlations were tested through multiple linear regression analysis, revealing that the number of rooms in the home (p = 0.023) and family income (p = 0.022) were predictors of the DMFT index. Access to running water (p = 0.001) and the DMFT index (p = 0.010) were predictors of the level of pain. Children in situations of social vulnerability have a higher prevalence of dental caries associated with socioeconomic factors. It is essential that continuous strategies for promotion and prevention in oral public health be renewed to monitor children's development and growth.

Understanding User Perceptions of QRIS in Indonesia

In Indonesia, a QR code payment is referred to as QRIS (Quick Respond Code Indonesian Standard). QR code technology is employed by QRIS, a contemporary payment system, to establish connections between a variety of financial transactions. QRIS offers numerous advantages to businesses, including the ability to obtain numerous promotions, the automated recording of transactions, the ability to track financial income and expenses, and the elimination of the need to search for change. Regrettably, the low level of digital literacy in Indonesia has prevented certain individuals from adopting digital transactions. Consequently, policymakers and regulators will be able to make more informed decisions regarding the expansion of QRIS in Indonesia by gaining a more comprehensive understanding of the perceptions of utility and perceived ease of use among Indonesian users. This research involves individuals who have implemented QRIS. The sample size in this study was sufficient due to the use of PLS-SEM, a powerful multivariate analysis technique that is recognized for its statistical efficacy in small sample sizes. The study explores the behavioral intention to use QRIS among Indonesian users, emphasizing perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use while incorporating control variables such as age, experience, gender, income, and education. The analysis results indicate that perceived usefulness has a substantial impact on the behavior intention of QRIS, and perceived ease of use also has an impact on the behavior intention of using QRIS. Education and income were found to have no significant difference in relation to behavior intention of using QRIS, whereas age, experience, gender, and age were associated with a significant difference.

Differences in Perceived Stress, Subjective Well-Being, and Psychosocial Variables by Game Use Type.

This study examined the differences in perceived stress, subjective well-being, psychosocial variables, and differences in parents' parenting styles according to game use type among Korean adults. The study involved 300 participants in their 20s and 30s, a demographic typically associated with frequent gaming. Data were collected through an online survey company, and analyses were conducted using SPSS 25.0, including correlation, cluster, ANOVA, and correspondence analyses. The results showed that the general and adaptive game use groups had significantly lower levels of perceived stress than the maladaptive and risky game use groups. Additionally, the adaptive game use group exhibited significantly higher subjective well-being than the maladaptive game use group. In terms of psychosocial characteristics, except for the general game use group, none of the other groups considered online gaming as addictive. Parenting styles showed significant differences in relation to game use in adulthood. Notably, democratic parenting styles were associated with the general and adaptive game use groups, whereas neglectful parenting styles were linked to the risky game use group. These findings suggest that the risky game use group is as vulnerable to stress as the maladaptive game use group, emphasizing the need for targeted screening and social attention for the risky game use group.

Sepsis predictors in earthquake survivors: A comparative analysis of amputation and fasciotomy patients.

This study aimed to identify predictors of sepsis in earthquake survivors who underwent either amputation or fasciotomy and to compare these two patient groups across many clinical outcomes, including sepsis. In this retrospective study, a total of 1,608 patients who presented to our hospital following the February 6, 2023, Kahramanmaraş earthquakes were evaluated between February 2023 and March 2023. Of these, 138 patients (65 males, 73 females; median age: 35 years; range, 18 to 74 years) who underwent either fasciotomy or amputation were included in the study. Patients managed solely with fasciotomy were included in the fasciotomy group, while those who underwent amputation in at least one area were included in the amputation group. Sepsis predictors were investigated in this population. Additionally, the two groups were compared in terms of clinical outcomes, including bacteremia, sepsis, septic shock and mortality. Of the 138 earthquake survivors, 59 (42.8%) were in the amputation group, and 79 (57.2%) were in the fasciotomy group. There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of the development of crush syndrome or the need for renal replacement therapy (p=0.781 and p=0.411, respectively). The duration of entrapment under rubble was higher in the amputation group (p=0.030). While bacteremia was more common in the amputation group, there was no significant difference in relation to sepsis (p=0.002 and p=0.106, respectively). Septic shock and mortality rates were higher in the amputation group (p=0.001 and p=0.009, respectively). Multivariate analysis revealed that the number of traumatized sites (odds ratio [OR]=3.68, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.13-6.33, p<0.001), amputation at more than two sites (OR=4.27, 95% CI: 1.15-15.9, p=0.022), and fasciotomy at more than two sites (OR=2.71, 95% CI: 1.10-6.69, p=0.021) were significant predictors of sepsis. Patients undergoing fasciotomy and amputation should be comprehensively evaluated for potential benefits and risks. Close monitoring for sepsis is particularly recommended for patients who have amputation or fasciotomy procedures at more than two sites.

Monitoring Cleaning and Disinfection in a Respiratory Syndrome Unit Amid the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic

Introduction: This study aimed to monitor the cleaning and disinfection processes of surfaces in a respiratory syndrome unit. Design: A cross-sectional study conducted in a respiratory syndrome unit specialized in the treatment of COVID-19. High-touch surfaces were monitored using the following methods: Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP), Colony-Forming Units (CFU), and Visual Inspection. Monitoring lasted for 30 days, with samples collected both before and after the team performed the cleaning and disinfection procedures. Results: The results showed that most surfaces had microbial counts above 2.5 CFU/cm² both before and after cleaning, thus failing the test. Only one surface showed significant differences in relation to the adenosine triphosphate method: the patients' chair (P=0.014). Regarding visual inspection, it was observed that defects in the structure of the monitored surfaces impacted non-compliance rates. Additionally, a lack of standardization in the use of cleaning products was noted. Implications: The study highlighted the need for improvements in the process to meet the values proposed in the literature, ensuring a safe environment in all healthcare services. It also underscored the complexity of patients with respiratory syndrome.

Prevalence of Plantar Warts, Genital Warts, and Herpetic Infections in Greek Competitive Swimmers.

Viral outbreaks are common in the sport community. Data regarding the prevalence of plantar warts, genital warts, herpes simplex type 1 (herpes labialis), herpes zoster, and genital herpes in competitive swimmers are lacking in the literature. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of those viral infections among young competitive swimmers participating in Greek swimming clubs. Swimmers' parents and adult swimmers were asked to complete an anonymous questionnaire. In total, 1047 swimmers enrolled in this study. The measured parameters included gender, age, times of infections, and seasons when athletes may be more susceptible to infections. Practicing information such as type of swimming facility, number of training years, average hours of daily training, behaviors in swimming practice, and sunlight exposure was also recorded. All infections showed a significant difference in relation to "age" and "years of training". The gender significance was observed in herpes labialis (p = 0.016) and plantar warts (p = 0.05). The prevalence of all infections in swimmers who use outdoor facilities was higher. Certain behaviors such as walking barefoot on a pool deck and sharing swimming equipment correlate with herpes simplex and plantar warts. Virus infections can affect swimmers of all ages. In our study, plantar warts and herpes labialis are more common in swimmers. Herpes zoster and sexually transmitted viruses are rarer and affect adult swimmers. The impact of cutaneous infections on swimmers can affect performance and well-being. Effective prevention and management are essential to avoid complications. Proper hygiene, medical guidance, and treatment reduce swimmers' exposure to skin viruses.

Abstract 4126262: The impact of angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors on the elderly population with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction: data from the real world

Heart failure (HF) remains a disease of increasing prevalence and morbidity. Validation of new lines of therapy in the elderly are required due to the progressive ageing of the world's population and scarce evidence in elderly patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). The purpose of our study is to analyse the effect of Angiotensin Receptor–Neprilysin Inhibitors (ARNI) in this subgroup of patients. We conducted a single-centre, real-world observational study. We consecutively enrolled all patients aged ≥75 years diagnosed with HFrEF (defined as an ejection fraction &lt;40%) and theorical indication for treatment with ARNI from November 2019 to January 2021. The main outcomes analysed were all cause mortality and admission due to HF. In order to avoid potential confounding factors, we performed a propensity-score (PS) matched analysis. Patients matching was performed in a 1:1 ratio with the nearest neighbour method. A total of 364 patients were recruited (total population). The mean age was 84.1 years of which 67% were male. 81% were hypertensive and 33.5% diabetic. The main cause of ventricular dysfunction was ischemic with 50.2%. At inclusion 55.8% were in NYHA functional class II and the mean LVEF was 29.8%. After PS matching, we selected 184 patients (study population), 92 with ARNI. As compared with non ARNI group, the ARNI patients showed higher use of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRA) (59.8% vs 43.5%, p&lt; 0.05) and SGLT2 inhibitors (40.2% vs 6%, p&lt;0.05). Other treatments were otherwise similar in both groups. There were not significant differences in relation with age, etiology or comorbidities between ARNI group and non-ARNI group. During a median follow-up of 39 months, total mortality was 31.5% (58 patients). After a Cox logistic regression analysis, ARNI therapy was shown to be an independent protective variable with respect to total mortality [HR 0.6 (0.4-1), p 0.05]. The figure shows the Kaplan-Meier survival curves for total mortality in patients with and without ARNI treatment. In summary, treatment of HFrEF remains a significant challenge in managing HF patients, especially in the elderly. According to our data, treatment with ARNI in elderly patients with HFrEF was associated with a lower rate of all-cause mortality. Our data show us that ARNI therapy could improve prognosis in the elderly with HFrEF in a real-world study.

Dental Caries in Children and Its Relationship with Parenting Styles: A Systematic Review.

It can be affirmed that the parenting style of parents has an impact on the health-related behaviors of their children; the environment that parents create for their children can have an impact on both their habits and their oral health, and on the incidence of dental caries in children. The purpose of this study was to analyze the association between parenting style and childhood dental caries. Two researchers independently searched the English literature published up to May 2024 in four databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus y Cochrane Library). The risk of bias was evaluated using the Modified Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS). This study is registered on PROSPERO (CRD42024573447). Of the 130 studies identified, nine of them, with a total of 4250 participants, met our inclusion criteria. The evidence on the relationship between parenting styles and dental caries is varied. Of the studies reviewed, three showed a significant association between both factors, while four found no correlation, and two reported no significant differences in relation to parenting styles and the occurrence of dental caries. This discrepancy emphasizes the need for further research. Parenting styles impact child dental behavior on a global level, highlighting the relevance of recognizing these approaches in a dental context, given that parents have a fundamental role in guiding their children's behaviors.

Does More Invasive Surgery Result in Higher Patient Satisfaction? A Long-Term Follow-Up of 136 Zygomaticomaxillary Complex Fractures.

Retrospective with follow-up. To evaluate the long-term satisfaction of surgically treated patients with zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) fractures in relation to the use of internal fixation, number of fixation points, and orbital floor (OF) reconstruction. Secondary objectives were to describe the use of antibiotics and post-operative infections. Patients with unilateral ZMC fractures between 2007-2018 and treatment with either open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) or closed reduction (CR) were identified from medical records and invited to follow-ups between 2018-2020. Patients were examined, photographed, and completed a questionnaire. A review panel of 3 experienced surgeons evaluated photographs and computed tomography (CT) scans pre- and post-surgery. The study sample consisted of 136 patients (108 ORIF, 28 CR) with a median follow-up time of 76 months. Patient satisfaction of surgical outcome was high (97.8%), with no significant differences in relation to the use of internal fixation, number of fixation points, or OF reconstruction. Dissatisfaction was primarily related to hypoesthesia. On post-operative CT scans, malar asymmetry was more often predicted in patients with 1-point fixations. On questionnaires and photographs, malar asymmetry was more common in patients with 3-point fixations. Prophylactic antibiotics had no effect on the rate of post-operative infections. Patient satisfaction was not influenced by internal fixation, number of fixation points, or OF reconstruction. Selected ZMC fractures can be treated with less invasive approaches. Caution should be observed when predicting long-term malar asymmetry on post-operative CT scans. The findings of this study highlight the importance of a rational and ethical use of surgery.

Comparison in Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Cheonggukjang Containing Mountain-Cultivated Ginseng Using Two Bacillus Genus.

In this study, the nutrients, phytochemicals (including isoflavone and ginsenoside derivatives), and antioxidant activities of cheonggukjang with different ratios (0%, 2.5%, 5%, and 10%) of mountain-cultivated ginseng (MCG) were compared and analyzed using microorganisms isolated from traditional cheonggukjang. The IDCK 30 and IDCK 40 strains were confirmed as Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis, respectively, based on morphological, biological, biochemical, and molecular genetic identification, as well as cell wall fatty acid composition. The contents of amino acids and fatty acids showed no significant difference in relation to the ratio of MCG. After fermentation, isoflavone glycoside (such as daidzin, glycitin, and genistin) contents decreased, while aglycone (daidzein, glycitein, and genistein) contents increased. However, total ginsenoside contents were higher according to the ratio of MCG. After fermentation, ginsenoside Rg2, F2, and protopanaxadiol contents of cheonggukjang decreased. Conversely, ginsenoside Rg3 (2.5%: 56.51 → 89.43 μg/g, 5.0%: 65.56 → 94.71 μg/g, and 10%: 96.05 → 166.90 μg/g) and compound K (2.5%: 28.54 → 69.43 μg/g, 5.0%: 41.63 → 150.72 μg/g, and 10%: 96.23 → 231.33 μg/g) increased. The total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were higher with increasing ratios of MCG and fermentation (fermented cheonggukjang with 10% MCG: 13.60 GAE and 1.87 RE mg/g). Additionally, radical scavenging activities and ferric reducing/antioxidant power were significantly increased in fermented cheonggukjang. This study demonstrates that the quality of cheonggukjang improved, and cheonggukjang with MCG as natural antioxidants may be useful in food and pharmaceutical applications.

Maxillofacial Trauma in Females: A Retrospective Study.

Maxillofacial trauma in females is not widely reported. This study aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics and the patterns of maxillofacial injuries in females and to determine the differences in these patterns among different causes. This retrospective study analyzed several variables, including demographic, social, injury-related, and treatment-related variables, and compared these variables in relation to the main etiologies of maxillofacial trauma. The main etiologies of maxillofacial injuries involving females were assault, followed by road traffic accidents, and falls. There were significant differences in relation to the 3 etiologies in age groups (P= 0.002) and marital status (P< 0.0001). There were significantly more soft tissue injuries in the assault group compared with the other groups (P= 0.007). Associated injuries were significantly more with injuries caused by road traffic accidents (P= 0.0009). Most females were victims of assault and violence. There were significant differences in relation to the etiology of trauma in terms of age groups, marital status, types of injury, and associated injuries. Most of the assaults were due to domestic violence.

Drivers and Buffers of Stream Flashiness in the Mid‐Atlantic United States

ABSTRACTFlashiness is a hydrologic signature used to describe the responsiveness of streamflow to precipitation. In practise, flashiness has most often been correlated with rainfall intensity and the presence of urban land cover or imperviousness. However, a number of watershed characteristics can influence flashiness, necessitating further investigation of how this particular watershed behaviour and its associated drivers vary at regional scales. We investigated how ten measurable watershed characteristics are empirically related to flashiness of 195 gauged streams in the Mid‐Atlantic region using linear regression analysis. The selected gauges had drainage areas ranging in size from 15 to 250 km2. To explore multiple quantifications of flashiness, we determined both the Richards‐Baker flashiness index, calculated from the continuous hydrograph, and number of peaks‐over‐threshold, for all watersheds for a 10‐year period. As found in other studies, the percentage of watershed development was strongly correlated with stream flashiness, though significant inverse relationships also existed for forest cover, water and wetlands and carbonate geology. Differences in flashiness values between rural and suburban watersheds were not significant, with a significant increase in flashiness (p &lt; 0.01) occurring at 80% development or ~ 25% imperviousness. In addition, we found significant differences in relationships between watershed characteristics and flashiness when differentiated by physiographic regions. For the study area and each of its five physiographic sub‐regions, we identified the four most important predictors through multiple regression. The overall mid‐Atlantic model suggested that development, wetlands and compactness ratio as the most important predictors (adj R2 = 0.57). Significant predictors of stream flashiness varied among regions; however, wetlands served as a significant buffer of flashiness in four of five sub‐regions demonstrating the importance of wetlands in modulating flash‐flooding. In all physiographic regions, empirical models of flashiness values outperformed the Mid‐Atlantic regional model, underscoring the value of local landscape characteristics in augmenting or modulating flashy watershed responses. Our findings suggest the potential for improvements to operational flash‐flood forecasting using hydrologic characteristics of the landscape.

Distortion Assessment of Different Materials in Full-Arch Dentate Impressions in Relation to Operator Experience: A Comparative In Vivo Study.

To evaluate the distortion probability in impressions of completely dentate arches when different impression materials are used in relation to operator experience. A total of 28 students (Group A) and 7 dentists (Group B) performed three maxillary impressions on 28 participants, each using vinyl siloxane ether (VSE), polyether (PE), and irreversible hydrocolloid (IHC). Gypsum master casts were fabricated and subsequently digitized. Intraoral scans were taken as a control. Differences between master casts and intraoral scans were visualized with heatmaps, and planar deviations were investigated. If planar deviations > 120 μm were found, the impression was rated as 'distorted.' An additional superimposition using the casts from VSE or PE was performed to confirm the presence of distortions. The relative number of surfaces with distortions in each impression was calculated. The procedure was repeated for a distortion threshold of 500 μm. The statistical analyses included repeated measures ANOVA (RMA) and post hoc tests (α < .05). When 120 μm was considered as the threshold for distortions, IHC impressions showed higher distortion probability than PE impressions in Group A (P &#61; .003) and Group B (P < .0001). In Group B, PE showed a lower distortion probability than VSE (P &#61; .02). There was no significant difference between the study groups (P &#61; .42). Considering 500 μm as a threshold for distortions, there was no difference between impression materials (P &#61; .17) or study groups (P &#61; .53). There were no statistically significant differences in relation to operator experience. Different impression materials had a significant impact on distortion probability. PE impressions showed the lowest distortion probability.

Prevalence of Non-typhoidal Salmonella Species in Food and Stool Samples in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

Aim: To assess the prevalence of Non-Typhoidal Salmonella spp isolated from food and stool samples in Port Harcourt. Study Design: This was a cross-sectional study with simple randomized sampling. Methodology: In this study, 210 stool samples and 210 food samples collected from December 2022 to November 2023 were tested for Salmonella using standard bacteriological and biochemical tests. The Salmonella species were isolated from the samples using Salmonella-Shigella agar (SSA), and Bismuth Sulfite Agar (BSA) after pre-enrichment and enrichment methods had been carried out using peptone water and Selenite F Broth after which biochemical tests were carried out for further identification. Data collected was analyzed with Graph pad prism version 8. Results: The prevalence and distribution of Salmonella were presented in frequencies and percentages with all analysis done at a 95% confidence interval and P-values less than .05 were considered significant. From chi-square analysis there was a 3.3% prevalence rate in food samples in comparison to stool samples that had a 2.4% prevalence (P value = .56). A higher prevalence was also reported in the female subjects (3.7%) compared to the male subjects (1.0%) (P value = .19). There was a statistically significant difference in relation to the age groups with the ‘above 50’ and ‘0 – 10’ age groups having a higher prevalence (11.1% and 10% respectively) compared to other age groups (P value = .02). For the food samples, samples in the chicken category had the highest prevalence (8.7%) (P value = 0.11). Conclusion: This study reports a relatively lower prevalence of Non-Typhoidal Salmonella species at 2.9% with the age, education and occupation of the subjects being significantly associated (P value &lt; .05) with the prevalence of the infection. Health promotion and appropriate surveillance system should be put in place to continually reduce the burden of this disease.

Socioeconomic inequalities in patients undergoing abdominal wall reconstruction in the North-West of England, UK: a three-centre retrospective cohort study

PurposePatients from deprived areas are more likely to experience longer waiting times for elective surgery, be multimorbid, and have inferior outcomes from elective and emergency surgery. This study aims to investigate how surgical outcomes vary by deprivation for patients undergoing elective abdominal wall reconstruction.MethodsA three-centre retrospective cohort study was conducted across three hospitals in North-West England, including patients with complex ventral hernias undergoing abdominal wall reconstruction between 2013 and 2021. Demographic data, comorbidities, and index of multiple deprivation quintiles were recorded.Results234 patients (49.6% female), age 57 (SD 13) years, underwent elective abdominal wall reconstruction. Significantly higher unemployment rates were found in the most deprived quintiles (Q1 and Q2). There were more smokers in Q1 and Q2, but no significant deprivation related differences in BMI, diabetes, chronic kidney disease or ischaemic heart disease. There were also higher rates of Clavien-Dindo 1–2 complications in Q1 and Q5, but no difference in the Clavien-Dindo 3–4 outcomes. Patients in Q1 and Q5 had a significantly greater hospital length of stay.ConclusionThe association between deprivation and greater unemployment and smoking rates highlights the potential need for equitable support in patient optimisation. The lack of differences in patient co-morbidities and hernia characteristics could represent the application of standardised operative criteria and thresholds. Further research is needed to better understand the relationship between socioeconomic status, complications, and prolonged hospital length of stay.

P061 AMBULATORY BLOOD PRESSURE MONITORING (ABPM) CHARACTERIZATION IN PATIENTS CONSULTING A CARE CENTER IN THE CITY OF POPAYÁN, COLOMBIA BETWEEN JANUARY 2019 AND JUNE 2021

Background: Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) provides important information on the circadian behavior of this variable. This measure provides different phenotypes that can be analyzed in more depth than office blood pressure measurement. Several associations have been identified between altered circadian phenotypes, such as non dipper, and adverse cardiovascular outcomes, such as cardiovascular mortality, coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and hospitalization for heart failure. To date, the behavior of blood pressure according to the MAPA is unknown in the population of the department of Cauca, Colombia. Therefore, our objective was to characterize the arterial hypertension profiles in a sample of this population. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in patients over 18 years of age, undergoing ambulatory BP monitoring from 2019 to 2021; data were recorded in an instrument containing sociodemographic, clinical, and therapeutic characteristics. The data were analyzed with the SPSS 25 program. Results: A total of 440 blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) records were obtained, of which, 80.4% of the records were found to be compatible with a diagnosis of arterial hypertension. The distribution of the profiles included: normal dipper (55.2%), attenuated dipper (non-dipper) (23.6%), inverted dipper (13.6%) and extreme dipping (1.4%). Most of the overweight and obese patients presented arterial hypertension in the ABPM records, with 41.1% being overweight patients and 25.2% obese. Regarding the arterial hypertension profiles, there were no statistically significant differences in relation to overweight and obesity. Conclusions: Among the BP profiles measured by ABPM in the population studied, the most prevalent was the normal dipper profile, followed by non-dipper, inverted dipper, and extreme dipper. There was a tendency for the overweight and obese population to present abnormal circadian BP profiles more frequently; however, in our study these results were not statistically significant.

Evaluation of FVIII pharmacokinetic profiles in Korean hemophilia A patients assessed with myPKFiT: a retrospective chart review

PurposeThis study aimed to investigate the pharmacokinetics (PK) of factor VIII (FVIII) in Korean patients, as limited information is available on the PK of FVIII in this population.MethodsWe collected the FVIII PK results from patients with moderate-to-severe hemophilia A using myPKFiT. PK variations were assessed according to age, blood type, inhibitor history, von Willebrand factor antigen (vWF:Ag) level, and body mass index. Additionally, the correlation between the PK profile and prophylaxis regimen was specifically analyzed for each product in severe cases.ResultsThe PK data of 48 and 81 patients treated with octocog alfa and rurioctocog alfa pegol, respectively, were obtained. The median half-lives of octocog alfa and rurioctocog alfa pegol were 9.9 (range: 6.3–15.2) h and 15.3 (range: 10.4–23.9) h, respectively. The PK profiles for each product did not differ according to age group; however, blood type-O patients had shorter half-lives and time to 1% compared to non-blood type-O patients. In regression analysis, the PK of octocog alfa showed a statistically significant difference according to age, whereas the PK of rurioctocog alfa pegol correlated with vWF:Ag. Only the frequency of rurioctocog alfa pegol use showed a statistically significant difference in relation to time to 1%, although the coefficient of determination was small.ConclusionThis study confirmed significant interpatient variation in the PK of FVIII among Korean patients with hemophilia A. To achieve optimized prophylaxis, personalizing the regimen based on the PK profile of each individual patient is essential.