Significant Differences In Personality Traits Research Articles

Personality traits and their influence on Echo chamber formation in social media: a comparative study of Twitter and Weibo.

The echo chamber effect on social media has attracted attention due to its potentially disruptive consequences on society. This study presents a framework to evaluate the impact of personality traits on the formation of echo chambers. Using Weibo and Twitter as platforms, we first define an echo chamber as a network where users interact solely with those sharing their opinions, and quantify echo chamber effects through selective exposure and homophily. We then employ an unsupervised personality recognition method to assign a personality model to each user, and compare the distribution differences of echo chambers and personality traits across platforms and topics. Our findings show that, although user personality trait models exhibit similar distributions between topics, differences exist between platforms. Among 243 personality model combinations, over 20% of Weibo echo chamber members are "ynynn" models, while over 15% of Twitter echo chamber members are "nnnny" models. This indicates significant differences in personality traits among echo chamber members between platforms. Specific personality traits attract like-minded individuals to engage in discussions on particular topics, ultimately forming homogeneous communities. These insights are valuable for developing targeted management strategies to prevent the spread of fake news or rumors.

Research on the Relations Among Personality Traits, Sports Commitment, and Exercise Behavior - A Case Study of Chinese College Students.

To explore the relations among personality traits, sports commitment, and exercise behavior of Chinese college students. To test whether sports commitment plays an intermediary role in the process of personality traits affecting exercise behavior. To explore the factors that affect Chinese college students' exercise behavior from the psychological level, to promote college students to actively participate in physical exercise. A questionnaire survey was conducted on 1200 students from 6 universities using the "Personality Trait Scale", "Sports Commitment Scale" and "Exercise Behavior Scale". SPSS was used to analyze the differences between genders and urban and rural areas; and correlation analysis was conducted on the personality traits, sports commitment, and exercise behaviors of college students. Finally, AMOS was used to establish a structural equation model to test the mediating role of sports commitment. There are significant differences between different genders in each factor of personality traits (P<0.05); there is no significant difference between different genders in the participation opportunities of sports commitment (P=0.734), and there are significant differences in other factors. There were significant differences in each factor of exercise behavior (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in personality traits, sports commitment, and exercise behavior between urban and rural students (P> 0.05). There was a significant correlation among personality traits, sports commitment, and exercise behavior (P < 0.01). The direct effect of personality traits on exercise behavior was not significant (P > 0.05), but there was only the mediating effect of sports commitment. There is a significant correlation among Chinese college students' personality traits, sports commitment, and exercise behavior. Sports commitment plays an intermediary role between personality traits and sports commitment. Improving the level of sports commitment can encourage Chinese college students to participate in physical exercise.

The Differences in Individual-psychological Properties Of Students-journalists and Professional Journalists

Background: This article delves into the examination of distinctions in personal traits, professional qualities, and professional self-esteem between seasoned journalists and aspiring student journalists. Numerous studies have undertaken comparisons between student and professional individuals across various domains, but not in journalists. Methods: The study involved a sample of 48 students and 48 established journalists, with average ages of 19 and 25 years, respectively. Participants were subjected to a battery of tests, including Rusalov’s Temperament Structure Questionnaire, Cattell’s Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire, the “Motivation of Professional Activity” method by Zamfir K., “Motivation for Career” method by Noe A., Noe R., Bachhuber D., Zakirzyanova L.A.’s method for Assessing Journalist Professionalism, Kalina N.F.’s method for Evaluating Social Intelligence, among others. Results: We found no disparities in temperament attributes, personal characteristics, and social aptitudes between these two groups. Differences were observed only in certain aspects of self-esteem, such as operational activity and self-esteem of result. Specifically, these differences concern the assessment of hard skills, job satisfaction, and professional responsibility. All the aforementioned aspects were found to be more pronounced in professional journalists compared to their student counterparts. Conclusion: The demarcation between students and professional journalists encompasses variations in personal competencies and self-esteem, which form the core of one’s professional self-concept. However, significant differences in personality traits between students and professional journalists were not identified in this research.

Phenomenology and psychiatric correlates of pseudocataplexy.

Pseudocataplexy is a rare functional neurological disorder that mimics cataplexy, pathognomonic for narcolepsy type 1 (NT1). We describe the psychiatric comorbidity and personality traits of patients with pseudocataplexy versus NT1 cases. The case-control observational study enrolled consecutive patients with pseudocataplexy and a control group of age-matched consecutive NT1 patients. The diagnostic work-up included a structured interview, 48-hour polysomnography, multiple sleep latency test, cataplexy provoking test, and hypocretin-1 measurement in cerebrospinal fluid. All participants were administered Beck Depression Inventory, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15), Personality Inventory for DSM-5 brief form, and quality-of-life (QoL) measurement by 36-item Short Form health survey (SF-36). Fifteen patients with pseudocataplexy and 30 with NT1 were included. Despite the suspicion of possible cataplexy, none of the pseudocataplexy participants fulfilled international diagnostic criteria for NT1. Pseudocataplexy patients presented higher rates of moderate state anxiety (40% vs. 10%, p = 0.018), medium level of somatic symptoms, defined by PHQ-15 score > 10 (66.7% vs. 16.7%, p = 0.003), and a trend towards moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms (33.3% vs. 10%, p = 0.054) compared to NT1. No significant differences in personality traits emerged. Pseudocataplexy patients had worse QoL profiles in almost all SF-36 domains including physical (mean ± SD: 37.7 ± 9.88 vs. 51.13 ± 7.81, p < 0.001) and mental (mean ± SD: 33.36 ± 12.69 vs.42.76 ± 11.34, p = 0.02) summary scores. Patients with pseudocataplexy present more severe psychiatric symptoms and a lower QoL profile in comparison with patients with NT1. The severe somatoform and affection impairment in pseudocataplexy may explain the poorer QoL and should require a tailored therapeutic approach.

Возможности совершенствования профилактики агрессивного поведения у больных параноидной шизофренией

The aim of the study was to identify the individual and personal characteristics of patients with schizophrenia, which determine the commission of violent crimes (murders, causing of grievous bodily harm in victims). The study was conducted on the basis of the psycho-neurological dispensary department No. 2 of the Regional Clinical Psychiatric Hospital of the Ministry of Health of the Khabarovsk Krai. As a result of comparing the individual psychological characteristics identified in the group of patients with schizophrenia, it turned out that there are statistically significant differences in personality traits in patients undergoing compulsory treatment after committed violent crimes and patients being treated due to an exacerbation of psychoproductive symptoms. The results obtained can be used to improve the system of prevention of crimes committed by patients with schizophrenia

Personality Traits and Emotion Regulation Styles of Elite Beach Volleyball Dyads: Examination of Intra-Team Differences, Performance and Satisfaction Levels.

The current study was designed to assess the personality traits and emotion regulation styles of elite beach volleyball players. Intra-team differences were examined with three primary objectives: (i) to create a personality profile of elite beach volleyball players, (ii) to examine the relationship of this profile in relation to performance and satisfaction levels, and (iii) to highlight the similarities in personalities of members of successful teams. A total of 82 elite beach volleyball players were asked to fill out the Big Five Inventory, the Personality Adjective Scale, and the Affective Style Questionnaire. In addition to these, the overall satisfaction and performance level of these athletes were measured. Results indicated a higher manifestation of warmth, liveliness, emotional stability and reasoning, along with lower levels of neuroticism in successful athletes. The players used a variety of emotional regulation styles and reported being moderately to highly satisfied with their team. A repeated-measures MANCOVA revealed no significant differences in personality traits between the team members. This study generates valuable insights into the personality of elite beach volleyball players and can be useful for coaches, sport psychologists, and academics for practical application and further scientific research.

Psychological Attributes and Growth Mind Set of Psychology University Students as Factors of Competitiveness

One of the main challenges faced by most higher learning institurions is to produce graduates who are competent, wholistic and competitive. Particularly for countries like Malaysia, that is striving to become a fully industrialized country. It needs competent and effective human resources. Consequently, universities have a huge responsibility to cultivate graduates who will mostly become the required competent and competitive human resources. Therefore, the current study sought to find the main factors that are associated with competitiveness among university students. Specifically, the current study measured the differences between students from public and private universities in terms of their personality traits, self-esteem, growth mind set and competitiveness. The study also aimed to examined the relationships between the variables with competitiveness among these students. 294 psychology students from both public and private universities participated in the survey study. The questionnaires used were the Big Five Inventory (BFI) (John & Srivastava 1999), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) (Rosenberg 1965), Implicit Theories of Intelligence Scales (ITIS; Dweck 2000) and Revised Competitiveness Index (RCI)(Houston et al. 2002). The results showed few significant differences between public and privated university students. Particularly, there were significant differences in personality traits (extraversion and neuroticism) between students from the different types of universities. Furthermore, there was also a significant difference in students’ self-esteem. The findings implied significant factors in solving the issue of producing competitive graduates who will enter the work force. Relevant parties including university top management, can benefit from the results to be incorporated into their strategic planning.

Personality Functioning in Obesity and Binge Eating Disorder: Combining a Psychodynamic and Trait Perspective.

There is preliminary evidence for an association between personality traits and binge eating disorder (BED) in obese patients. In addition, recent studies have shown impaired psychodynamic personality functioning in BED. However, these results are partly inconsistent. The goal of this study was to explore and evaluate personality traits and personality functioning in obese patients with BED or subthreshold BED. Moreover, we aimed to explore the additional value of combined assessment of personality traits and personality functioning. Treatment-seeking obese female patients with BED (n=129) or subthreshold BED (n=91) were compared with obese (n=107) and nonobese (n=90) female community controls in terms of personality traits (using the Temperament and Character Inventory) and personality functioning (using the Developmental Profile Inventory) in univariate and multivariate analyses. Harm Avoidance was higher and Self-Directedness was lower in obese patients with BED or subthreshold BED compared with obese and nonobese community controls. In addition, obese patients with BED or subthreshold BED presented more maladaptive and less adaptive personality functioning than controls. Although univariate analyses did not find significant differences in personality traits or personality functioning between obese patients with BED and those with subthreshold BED, when both personality traits and personality functioning were combined in multivariate analysis (data from both the Temperament and Character Inventory and Developmental Profile Inventory), obese patients with BED showed greater vulnerabilities in personality traits and functioning than obese patients with subthreshold BED. Obese patients with BED or subthreshold BED had specific impairments in personality traits and personality functioning. Combined assessment indicated that patients with BED had the most vulnerable personality profile of the 4 groups. The results support the added value of assessment of both personality traits and psychodynamic personality functioning, in line with the alternative Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) model for personality disorders.

КОМПЛЕКСНЫЙ ПОДХОД В ИЗУЧЕНИИ ПРОИЗВОДИТЕЛЬНОСТИ ТРУДА: АКТУАЛЬНОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ

The problem of low labour productivity is a «chronic» problem for Russia. At the same time, some Rus-sian enterprises increase productivity successfully implementimg to the «rational model of labor rela-tions» implementation. The authors assume that the problem of increasing labour productivity is transdis-ciplinary, and psychology of personality and social psychology should play a significant role in finding the solution to this problem. The working hypothesis of this research is that there are statistically signifi-cant differences in personality traits and professional motivation that determine the specific style of activ-ity of employees of enterprises with different labour productivity. In order to test this hypothesis the au-thors did a study in the summer–autumn of 2018 at two industrial enterprises of the Perm Krai. The study has showed that there are practically no significant differences between the personality traits of the em-ployees who work at the enterprises, and the levels of labour productivity. The only exception is the fac-tor «Openness to Experience» that makes a distinction between the employees of enterprises which might be attributed to specificity of the production processes at these two plants and also to specificity of the sample. It is possible that absence of significant differences between the personality traits of the employ-ees of these enterprises evidences that labour productivity is mainly determined by specific social ties in professional groups. So, the first version of the working hypothesis is not confirmed. It is possible that as-signment of roles and responsibilities, as well as the styles of communication and administration are the predictors of labour productivity.

Personality Traits and Dysfunctional Attitudes among Patients with Somatic Symptom Disorder in Pakistan

Somatic symptom disorder was previously known as somatization disorder, is the combination of medically unexplained bodily symptoms with psychological anxieties and health-seeking behavior. It occurs in 10% to 15% people in OPD. The objective was to investigate the relationship between personality traits and dysfunctional attitudes among somatic symptom disorder patients (SSD) and differences in personality traits of somatic symptom disorder patients and normal individuals. A total sample (N= 140) of seventy diagnosed patients (n = 70) of somatic symptom disorder and seventy (n= 70) normal individual were taken. Dysfunctional attitudes were measured by short form of Dysfunctional Attitude scale (DAS) developed by Beck, Brown, Steer and Weissman, (1991), whereas personality traits were measured by NEO-personality inventory developed by Costa and McCrae (1985).Neuroticism personality trait was positively correlated with dysfunctional attitudes whereas Conscientiousness, openness, extroversion and agreeableness were negatively correlated with dysfunctional attitudes among somatic symptom disorder. There were significant differences in personality traits of patients with somatic symptom disorder and normal individuals. Personality traits are associated with dysfunctional attitudes among patients with somatic symptom disorder and personality traits of somatic symptom disorder patients are different from normal individuals.

Personality traits and alcohol consumption of classical and heavy metal musicians

The purpose of this study was to compare personality traits using the Big Five personality taxonomy and alcohol consumption of classical and heavy metal musicians. Also, we compared personality traits of classical and heavy metal musicians with norms for the Croatian population, and data on alcohol consumption with a representative sample of the general Croatian population. Participants in the study were men ( N = 249) playing either classical ( N = 113) or heavy metal music ( N = 136). Personality was measured with the IPIP-50 personality questionnaire and participants answered several questions about alcohol consumption. We found no significant differences in personality traits between classical and heavy metal musicians, but both classical and heavy metal musicians differed significantly in personality from the norms, having higher scores on extraversion, agreeableness, and especially intellect. Belonging to a heavy metal musicians group was associated with consuming alcohol more often. Also, frequency of alcohol consumption was statistically higher for heavy metal musicians than in the general population.

Alcohol-Dependent Subjects Show Different Personality Traits Compared With Subjects With Multiple Substance Dependence: Preliminary Data.

We compared personality traits of 27 persons with multiple substance dependence with personality data of 52 alcohol-dependent persons regarding their personality traits and disorders (obtained by using SCID-II, TCI and NEO FFI). Both patient groups were free of any other mental disorder. In SKD-II, we found significant differences in the male group in dependent and scizotypic personality disorder. There were no significant differences in the female group, but sample was very small. We also found significant differences between alcohol-dependent and multiple substance-dependent persons in extraversion and novelty seeking. We detected significant differences in personality disorders evaluated by SCID-II. Temperament and character items—as evaluated by NEO FFI and TCI—showed also significant differences in personality traits. Given the limited number of subjects, the data should be regarded as preliminary until replicated in a larger sample. Nevertheless, the findings may be of clinical relevance with respect to prognosis or individualized treatment. These findings should be treated with caution until replicated.

EPA-1528 - Alcohol dependent subjects show different personality traits in comparison with subjects with multiple substance dependence

We compared personality traits of 27 persons with multiple substance dependence (MSD) with personality data of 52 alcohol dependent (AD) persons regarding their personality traits and disorders (obtained by using SCID II, TCI and NEO FFI). Both patient groups were free of any other mental disorder. There were significant differences in SCID II personality disorders in the MSD group, with higher percentages of borderline, schizotypal and antisocial personalities. In the NEO FFI scores of conscientiousness were higher in AD subjects, while neuroticism was higher in the MSD group. In the TCI novelty seeking and self transcendence were higher in MSD versus AD subjects. We detected significant differences in personality disorders evaluated by SCID II. Temperament and character items - as evaluated by NEO FFI and TCI -showed also significant differences in personality traits, such as novelty seeking and self transcendence as well as conscientiousness. These results may be relevant for prognosis of treatment seeking individuals.

Personality Traits, Psychological Health, and the Workers' Compensation System

AbstractThis study explored the influence of personality traits on injured workers' interaction with workers' compensation systems. Data were collected from 89 participant claimants (males, 41; females 48, mean age = 45 years,SD= 10.67 years) at various levels of involvement with the workers' compensation system: previous claimants (n= 39), current claimants (n= 28), and nonclaimant workers (n= 22). Significant differences in personality traits were found between these groups of compensation claimants. Current compensation claimants displayed greater emotional instability and introversion compared with those less acutely involved in the compensation system. Current claimants also experienced clinically significant levels of symptoms of depression, anxiety, somatic complaints, and reported reduced social functioning, relative to previous and nonclaimants, respectively. Overall, subtle differences were found to exist in personality and psychological health between groups of workers at different levels of involvement with the workers' compensation system.

Singapore's female entrepreneurs are they different?

This paper reports the findings of an exploratory empirical study that examines the differences between male and female entrepreneurs in Singapore with respect to motivation and personality traits to determine the extent of the gender 'gap'. Using a conceptual framework combining the entrepreneurial personality characteristics identified by McClelland (1976) and Brockhaus (1982), the study's main hypothesis was that there were significant gender differences in terms of motivation and personality characteristics between Singaporean entrepreneurs. A survey among 85 entrepreneurs was conducted and the results suggest that there are no significant gender differences in terms of motivation but that there are significant differences in personality traits. The paper concludes by recommending that further research be conducted on other aspects of the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor's conceptual model that could better explain the differences between male and female entrepreneurs.

Serotonin Transporter Gene Polymorphism and Personality Traits Measured by MMPI

Polymorphisms of the serotonin transporter gene are known to be associated with some personality traits measured by means of various psychological inventories. In the present work we attempted to find an association between genetic variants of serotonin transporter (loci VNTR-17 and 5-HTTLPR) and psychological traits scored by the MMPI inventory in 125 mentally healthy donors. No statistically significant differences in personality traits were found between carriers of differentVNTR-17 genotypes. At locus 5-HTTLPR, significant between-genotype differences were revealed on the Schizophrenia scale (F= 3.49; P = 0.034) and on the validity scale F (F = 3.24; P = 0.042). The ss genotype carriers had the lowest scores on these scales. The score on the Psychopathic Deviate scale was significantly lower in the carriers of the ssgenotype than in the combined group of the carriers of genotypes lland ls(t= 2.07; P = 0.041). The differences on the validity scale K between the carriers of the ll and ssgenotypes were also statistically significant (t= 2.49; P = 0.015). These results suggest that polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene may be associated with the expression of schizoid traits (namely, social introversion, internal tension, bizarre thoughts and actions) in mentally healthy individuals. In the context of social adaptation, the personality profile configuration and data of statistical analysis indicate that the carriers of the ss genotype are more inclined to observe social norms than the carriers of the lland ls genotypes.

Relationship between selected personality traits and citation for violating pharmacy board regulations.

The relationship between certain personality traits and citation for pharmacy board violations was studied. The Gordon Personal Profile-Inventory (GPP-I) was mailed to three samples of pharmacists licensed in North Carolina (95 pharmacist leaders, 199 pharmacists who had been cited for violating one or more board of pharmacy regulations, and a random sample of 494 pharmacists licensed in the state). The pharmacists were asked to provide demographic information and to complete the 38-item GPP-I, which measures eight different personality traits (ascendancy, responsibility, emotional stability, sociability, cautiousness, original thinking, personal relations, and vigor). The response rates for the three samples were 78.9%, 23.6%, and 58.3%, respectively. Pharmacists who had been cited for one or more board of pharmacy violations had significantly lower scores on the GPP-I for the personality trait vigor than general pharmacists. They also had lower scores on the GPP-I traits of ascendancy, original thinking, and vigor than pharmacy leaders. They were less likely to have advanced degrees or belong to any pharmacy organizations. They tended to be male, older, and out of school longer than those pharmacists who had never been cited for violating one or more board of pharmacy regulations. Significant differences in personality traits were found between pharmacists who had been cited for violating board of pharmacy regulations and general pharmacists and pharmacy leaders.

Psychiatric disturbance and personality traits in dysphoric patients

A study of 68 consecutive attendees at a voice clinic revealed that 51 (75%) were female. Personality characteristics and the incidence of minor psychiatric disturbances were studied in the 51 female patients with dysphonia and in 42 female ENT outpatient control subjects. Personality was assessed by use of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) and the Hysteroid-Obsessoid Questionnaire (HOQ), and psychiatric disturbance was assessed by use of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), 60-item version. Whereas the 18 patients who were diagnosed as having psychogenic dysphonia had, overall, a greater degree of mild psychiatric disturbance, the 33 patients whose dysphonia was associated with structural laryngeal abnormality were also significantly more disturbed than control subjects (p < 0.01). There were no significant differences in personality traits among the three groups. Ten of the 18 patients with psychogenic dysphonia had evidence of significant psychiatric symptomatology on GHQ testing. More unexpectedly, one in three of the women with structural laryngeal changes showed similar psychiatric disturbance. Such psychological distress cannot therefore be detected solely on laryngeal appearances and voice characteristics. We propose the GHQ to be a quick, simple screening tool to identify those patients who might benefit from a more psychologically based approach to therapy.

A CROSS-CULTURAL INVESTIGATION OF PERSONALITY TRAITS AMONG ARAB AND AMERICAN BUSINESS STUDENTS

This study identifies differences in the scores of Jordanian and American business students on the Keirsey Temperament Sorter personality test. The test was administered to 137 students at the University of Jordan in Amman, Jordan, and Washington College in Chestertown, Maryland. The research results show that, although there are significant differences in personality traits in two of four categories, there are more similarities than differences between the traits identified by these groups of students. This indicates that the personalities and temperaments of business students in Jordan and the United States are not remarkably different.

The Military Socialization of University Students

The effects of military training in a university setting on the attitudes of prospective U.S. Army officers are examined with a questionnaire administered to all Army Reserve Officers Training Corps cadets at the University of Oregon and to a comparison sample of male university undergraduates. Although the Army cadets do not differ greatly from the university undergraduates on background variables, there are significant differences in personality traits and attitudes related to the “military mind.” Cadets score higher than the campus average on scales measuring: personality authoritarianism, misanthropy, punitiveness, intolerance, aggressive nationalism, political-economic conservatism, belief in imperialism, and preference for vocational training as opposed to liberal education. They score lower on scales of peace responsibility and political alienation. The Army ROTC selectively recruits students with more militaristic attitudes, and there is some evidence that the Corps serves to insulate the cadets from the liberalizing effects of the university.