Significant Differences In Order Research Articles

Machine Learning Applications to Identify Young Offenders Using Data from Cognitive Function Tests

Machine learning techniques can be used to identify whether deficits in cognitive functions contribute to antisocial and aggressive behavior. This paper initially presents the results of tests conducted on delinquent and nondelinquent youths to assess their cognitive functions. The dataset extracted from these assessments, consisting of 37 predictor variables and one target, was used to train three algorithms which aim to predict whether the data correspond to those of a young offender or a nonoffending youth. Prior to this, statistical tests were conducted on the data to identify characteristics which exhibited significant differences in order to select the most relevant features and optimize the prediction results. Additionally, other feature selection methods, such as Boruta, RFE, and filter, were applied, and their effects on the accuracy of each of the three machine learning models used (SVM, RF, and KNN) were compared. In total, 80% of the data were utilized for training, while the remaining 20% were used for validation. The best result was achieved by the K-NN model, trained with 19 features selected by the Boruta method, followed by the SVM model, trained with 24 features selected by the filter method.

The effects and mechanism of using ultrasonic dishwasher to remove five pesticides from rape and grape

In this study, the ultrasonic dishwasher was used to remove five pesticides known to be frequently used on rape and grape. As compared with normal water washing, washing with the ultrasonic dishwasher was demonstrated to be more effective for pesticides removal, achieving removal rates between 14.7% and 59.8% on rape, and between 72.1% and 100% on grape. However, there were significant differences in order of the removal rate of five pesticides on rape and grape. From the adsorption experiments and analysis via Freundlich equation, the adsorption index (n, 0.551–1.056 on rape and 0.362–1.478 on grape) and adsorption coefficient (KF, 10−2.47–10−1.65 and 10−3.64–10−1.56 (mg·dm−2)/(mg·L−1)−n on rape and grape) were obtained. Taken together with the observation of the matrix surface by scanning electron microscopy and the evaluation of the physicochemical properties of pesticides, the different pesticides removal may be related to surface structure of the matrix.

The Effect of Coding Education on Elementary School Students’ Computational Thinking

본 연구에서는 코딩교육 프로그램을 적용하여 초등학교 6학년 학생의 컴퓨팅 사고력에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 본 연구의 대상은 경기도 광주시 K초등학교 6학년 2개 학급 57명이다. 6학년 6개 학급 중 2개 학급을 선정하여 실험집단 1개 학급과 통제집단 1개 학급을 선정하였다. 통제집단에는 일반 교과 수업을 하였고, 실험집단에는 코딩교육 프로그램을 실과 시간과 창의적 체험활동 시간을 활용하여 총 17차시 적용하였으며, 두 집단의 컴퓨팅 사고력 을 측정하기 위하여 검사지를 통하여 그 결과를 알아보았다. 이러한 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 통제집단의 컴퓨팅 사고력에 대한 사전검사와 사후검사 결과는 유의미한 차이를 나타 내지 못하였다. 일반 교과 수업 방법이 초등학생의 컴퓨팅 사고력 향상에는 도움이 되지 못하였음을 알 수 있다. 둘째, 실험집단의 컴퓨팅 사고력에 대한 사전검사와 사후검사 결과는 유의미한 차이를 나타냈다. 코딩 교육 프로그램이 초등학생의 컴퓨팅 사고력 향상에 효과적이었음을 알 수 있다. 셋째, 코딩교육 프로그램을 적용한 결과 초등학생의 알고리즘과 절차 사고 능력에 긍정적인 효과를 미쳤음을 알 수 있다. 넷째, 일반 교과 수업과 코딩교육 프로그램 적용 수업이 초등학생의 컴퓨팅 사고력 향상에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위한 두 집단의 사후검사 결과는 유의미한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 하지만 알고리즘과 절차 사고능력 향상에는 유의미한 차이를 나타냈다. 따라서 코딩교육 프로그램 적용 수업이 일반 교과 수업보다 초등학생의 알고리즘과 절차 사고 능력 향상에는 효과적임을 밝힐 수 있다. 이를 종합해 볼 때 코딩교육 프로그램은 컴퓨팅 사고력 중 자료 분석 능력과 추상화 사고 능력보다는 알고리즘과 절차 사고 능력에 긍정적인 영향을 주는 것으로 파악되었다.In this study, we constructed a coding education program and expected that the lesson program would have a positive impact on elementary school students thinking ability. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the coding education program on the computing thinking ability of the elementary school sixth graders. First, we constructed a coding education program that could be applied to elementary school sixth graders. Second, we tested the effects of coding education program on elementary school students’ The subjects of this study were 57 students from 2 classes in K-6 elementary school in Gwangju city, Gyeonggi-do. Participants were assigned in either experimental or control class. A total of 17 lessons were applied to the experimental group and the experimental group by using the actual teaching time and the creative experiential activity time, and the results were examined through the questionnaire to measure the computing competency of the two groups. The results of this study are summarized as follows. First, there was no significant difference between the pre-test and the post-test on the computing competency of the control group. It can be seen that the general classroom teaching method did not help elementary school students thinking of computing. Second, there was a significant difference between the pre-test and the post–test in the control group. It can be seen that the coding education program was effective in improving elementary school students thinking skills. Third, applying the coding education program has positive effects on elementary school students algorithm and procedural thinking ability. Fourth, the results from the post-test of the two groups did not show a significant difference in order to investigate the effect of the general class instruction and the coding education program application on the improvement of elementary school students thinking ability. However, there was a significant difference in improvement of algorithm and procedural thinking ability. Therefore, it can be concluded that the coding education program is effective for improving elementary school students algorithm and procedural thinking ability rather than general class teaching. The results of this study show that the application of the coding education program has a positive effect on the improvement of the algorithm and procedural thinking ability among 6th grade elementary school students computing thinking factors. Therefore, in order to improve the thinking skills of elementary school students, besides the coding education, it is necessary to develop a program to improve the thinking ability such as abstraction and data analysis, and conducting further study on in-depth study should be conducted.

Influence of Gender on Perception of Landscape: A Study of Viharamahadevi Park in Colombo

This study investigates the influence of gender on perception of landscape, with reference to the Viharamahadevi Park in Colombo. The exiting literature suggests that there is a difference in perception of landscapes in reference to the gender of the user. Perception theories with emphases on visual perception aspect were identified through a literature survey. The identified visual perception theories were further analyzed in order to develop concepts and indicators. In spite of the transformation of ‘green to grey’ of most of the spaces in Colombo, Viharamahadevi park has preserved its landscape environment. Its location in the central part of Colombo has contributed to attract many different types of city dwellers and visitors. The presence of different visual landscape characters such as complexity, visual scale, stewardship, coherence and image ability at the Viharamahadevi Park lead to the selection of it the case study. A questionnaire was used to collect data from the general public (15 males and 15 females)who patronized the park regularly, and second year undergraduate students (15 male and 15 female students) following the degree of landscape architecture at Moratuwa University. The data was analyzed under the likerts scale.The analysis of data indicates that there is no clear difference of preference in landscapes between the female and male gender with the public users. The male gender of public who patronize the park has intention to interact with it, such as spend their time with nature or for relaxation. However, majority of the females of public use the park unintentionally due to social requirements. There is a significant difference in order of perception according to the gender among the second year undergraduate students. The information processing theory of visual perception explains the difference of visual landscape perception among landscape students and the general public. Landscape students have a comparatively better understanding on landscape than the general public.The knowledge supports them to have a clear visual perception, which coupled with gender orientations make a strong difference with male and female students. But due to the lack of higher level of ability to appreciate and understand the landscapes, the public do not have clear sense or a perception and thus lacks clear gender differences. Keywords: Landscape, Visual perception, Gender

Fatores associados à via de parto em mulheres com pré-eclâmpsia

To analyze the factors related to route of delivery in patients with pre-eclampsia. A retrospective analytical study was conducted from January 2009 to January 2011, during which 250 medical records of patients diagnosed with pre-eclampsia who gave birth to live fetuses with a gestational age of 28 weeks or more were selected. The variables evaluated were: maternal age (19 years, 20-34 years and over 35 full years), gestational age at delivery (28-37 weeks and more than 37 weeks), parity (primiparous or multiparous), previous cesarean section, history of pre-eclampsia or chronic hypertension, current diagnosis of mild or severe pre-eclampsia, and birth weight of the newborn. The information was transcribed to a questionnaire based on the variables being investigated. The chi-square test was applied to identify the relationship between the variables, with the level of significance set at p<0.05, and the Odds Ratio (OR) was calculated only for the variables showing a statistically significant difference in order to determine the odds for the patient to be submitted to a cesarean section. In this study, we observed a 78.4% rate of cesarean delivery, with 54.1% of the patients submitted to the procedure having a gestational age of 28 to 37 weeks (OR=3.1; p<0.01). Patients with a history of pre-eclampsia were 2.5 times more likely to have cesarean delivery (OR=2.5; p<0.02). All patients who had had a previous cesarean were submitted to cesarean delivery in the current pregnancy (p<0.01). Pregnant women with severe pre-eclampsia were 3.3 times more likely to progress to cesarean delivery than those with mild pre-eclampsia (OR=3.3; p<0.01). After individual analysis, only gestational age and a diagnosis of severe pre-eclampsia showed significant differences, representing risk factors for this type of delivery.

태권도, 축구, 체조 선수들의 균형능력과 근력, 근지구력의 상관분석

The purpose of this study was to investigate a relationship among Taekwondo, soccer and gymnastic athletes their balance abil- ity and lower extremity muscle strength, muscle endurance and also whether these variables show differences by sports type. For this purpose, 10 Taekwondo athletes, 10 soccer athletes and 10 gymnastic athletes that is a high school in I area were selected and their balance ability, isokinetic muscle strength and muscle endurance were measured by using force platform (AMTI) and isokinetic measurement (HUMAC NORM). Then the following results were obtained by conducting pearson product-moment cor- relation analysis and one-way ANOVA. In case of both right and left foot one-leg standing with open-eyes, there was a relation between both knee extension maximal muscle strength of Taekwondo, soccer, gymnastic athletes and balance ability, and in case of right foot one-leg standing with open-eyes, there was a relation between that is right plantar flexion and dorsi flexion maximum muscle strength and muscle endurance of Taekwondo, soccer, gymnastic athletes and their balance ability. Furthermore, in case of left dorsi flexion maximum muscle strength, there were significant differences in order of Taekwondo, gymnastics and soccer, and for isokinetic plantar flexion maximum muscle endurance, both right and left showed significant differences in order of Tae- kwondo, gymnastic and soccer.

Colour Preference among Children in a Nigerian Montessori School

Colour preference among children has been explored in a variety of populations and cultures. However, there is scanty research on the psychology of colour and, in particular, colour preference among children in Nigeria. Sixty (60) children (30 males and 30 females) randomly drawn from a population of students of a Montessori School in Ibadan, Nigeria participated in the study. A One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) for Repeated Measures Design was used to test five hypotheses stated in the study. Results identified the order of colour preference by the children as red, yellow, tint, white, green, blue, brown and black. Red and yellow were significantly preferred to black. There was significant difference in order of colour among female children, children of age group 9-12 years and children of age group 3-8 years. In conclusion, red and yellow prove to be more stimulating and attractive than any other colour. These findings will be helpful to teaching agencies, and advertising companies and entrepreneurs that major in the production of children materials to know the right colour to use on their products. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n1p325

P2-16-15: Oncological Safety and Survival Rate According to Reconstructive Surgery in Advanced Breast Cancer after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy.

Abstract Purpose: Oncoplastic surgery has received attention according as the incidence of breast cancer is rising and quality of life including cosmetic result after surgery is regarded as important. The aim of this study is to compare combined reconstructive surgery with standard surgery regarding to oncological safety and survival rate in advanced breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (CTx). Method: Thirty-seven patients underwent neoadjuvant CTx and surgery with advanced breast cancer were analyzed from September 2007 to March 2010. Group A (n=12) received combined reconstructive surgery, group B (n=25) had standard surgery. Results: There were no differences in age, size, metastatic LN, stage, ER/PR/Her-2 status, recurrence, metastasis and death between group A and B. Patients with good response in neoadjuvant chemotherapy (26 cases (72.9%)) had CTx-operation-radiation therapy (RTx), cases with poor response (10 cases (27.1%)) underwent CTx-RTx-operation. There was significant difference in order of treatment, eight patients among group A(66.6%) had CTx-RTx-operation, 22 cases in group B(88.0%) received CTx-operation-RTx (p=0.006). Mean follow up period was 22 months, 2 patients (5.2%) experienced local recurrences, 11 cases (34.3%) diagnosed with distant metastasis, and 4 patients (10.5%) expired with breast cancer. Conclusion: Advanced breast cancer with poorly responded in neoadjuvant CTx could be actively treated with sequential CTx-RTx-reconstructive surgery. Combined reconstructive surgery was oncologically safe operation in advanced breast cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-16-15.

Relationships among Marital Satisfaction, Spousal Support and Practice of Taekyo in Pregnant Women.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among marital satisfaction, spousal support and practice of Taekyo among pregnant women. This study was conducted by the use of questionnaire surveys with two hundred and eighty-three pregnant women at several hospitals located in Gyeonggi province and Daejeon city from October 2008 to April 2009. Contents of questionnaire included marital satisfaction, spousal support and practice of Taekyo. Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and stepwise multiple regression were conducted for data analysis using SPSS/WIN 17.0 program. Degree of marital satisfaction, spousal support, and practice of Taekyo showed the high ranking among pregnant women. There was a significant difference in order of fetus, need for Taekyo, and time in Taekyo. There was a positive relationship between marital satisfaction, spousal support, and practice of Taekyo. The significant factors influencing the practice of Taekyo was connected with marital satisfaction, order of fetus and time in Taekyo. The total explanatory range was 29.3%. There is a need for multidimensional strategy in improving marital satisfaction. This study can be used as a foundation for maternal nursing education program and can be developed for practice of Taekyo.

Simultaneous interaction with in-vehicle systems while turning left: comparison among three groups of drivers

The growing introduction of new technologies inside vehicles represents a set of extra information sources. Its use can interfere with the driving activity and induce performance decrements. An on-road experiment was conducted to investigate how drivers reacted to the simultaneous interaction with in-vehicle systems. Forty-eight subjects (elderly, reference and novice) participated in the tests. They were asked to interact with one (road guidance system) or two (road guidance system and mobile phone) on-board devices. Their performance was evaluated for the turn left manoeuvres and main effects of system conditions were revealed. The simultaneous interaction with both in-vehicle systems induced participants to some performance decrements on the driving task: higher number of late activations of the turning indicator; lower mean speeds before the intersection; lower values of instant speed at the beginning of the turn manoeuvre; higher steering wheel variability; activations of the braking pedal with less pressure, later, and performing a higher number of strokes; and also less glances towards important areas of the environment. No significant difference was observed for the guidance task. The comparison between driver groups&apos; performance did not reveal enough significant differences in order to draw a general conclusion.

The FRAME Alternatives Laboratory Database. 1. In Vitro Basal Cytotoxicity determined by the Kenacid Blue Total Protein Assay

A database of over 280 chemicals has been compiled by using a mouse 3T3-L1 fibroblast-like cell line in exponential growth, exposed to chemicals for 72 hours in a 96-well tissue culture plate format, and determining cell number via the Kenacid blue (KB) assay for total protein. Ranking the chemicals according to their basal cytotoxicity, expressed as the concentration (mM) that inhibits increase in total cellular protein over 72 hours by 50% (the ID50 value) shows a wide range of ID50 values, from 0.00003 mM to 10,096 mM. This information includes the results for MEIC chemicals 1-50, and we have now added basal cytotoxicity data for 23 of the next 25 MEIC chemicals. When the neutral red uptake (NRU) assay was performed with the same cell cultures, before the KB assay, very similar indications of basal cytotoxicity were obtained. Comparisons between the results with 3T3-L1 cells and with a human fibroblast-like cell line, BCL-D1 showed a significant difference in order of magnitude of the ID50 value for only 5 of 52 chemicals. However, there was a difference in ID50 value of more than one order of magnitude for 8 of 24 chemicals tested with an undifferentiated teratocarcinoma cell line, F9.

A Comparative Study of Selected Themes in Christian and Islamic Fundamentalist Discourses

This article compares texts from a wide spectrum of fundamentalist writers across the religious divide, identifies the views of individual leaders and movements, and looks for 'family resemblances' and significant differences in order to better understand the contemporary phenomenon of religious resurgence. After placing contemporary fundamentalisms in a theoretical framework and highlighting their main attributes, it undertakes a comparative study of selected themes in the discourses of both fundamentalisms: the anti-secularist attitudes of both fundamentalisms based on their theocentric world view; their reliance on inerrant revealed sacred scripture as their sole ultimate authority in all spheres of life; their wide spectrum of attitudes to politics, ranging from pietistic passivity, through gradualist democratic involvement, to violent resistance and revolution; and finally the view of all of life as a perennial war between the forces of good and the forces of evil in the spiritual, moral, and ideological realms.

Endemic mammalian genera: are they really unique?

AimThe majority (64%) of the extant 1153 mammalian genera occupy only one zoogeographical region and can in that sense be referred to as endemic to that region. The aim in this study was to find out if endemic genera differ in ecological characteristics, e.g. taxonomy, body size, feeding and substrate use, from genera with a more cosmopolitan distribution, and if endemic genera were distributed along a productivity gradient.LocationThe sixteen major zoogeographical regions of the world, including continents, islands and oceans.MethodsWe grouped the mammal genera according to their distribution in endemic (one region) and cosmopolitan (4–12 regions), respectively. Further, we divided the eleven major terrestrial regions of the world into continental and island regions and examined the effect of productivity on the number of endemic genera.ResultsWe found statistically significant differences in order, body mass, feeding habit and substrate utilization between the two mammal groups. The endemic genera was dominated by the order Rodentia and were mainly small‐sized, insectivore, frugivore/omnivore or herbivore, semifossorial, terrestrial or arboreal. The small fraction (5%) of genera with the widest distribution (4–12 regions) belonged mainly to the orders Chiroptera, Cetacea and Carnivora and were either small‐ or large‐sized, piscivore/squid‐eater or insectivore, aquatic, terrestrial or volant. We found only weak relationships with productivity for both sets of regions with a positive slope for continental regions and a negative one for island regions. As all island regions were more productive than continental regions, endemic genera were most common in intermediately productive regions overall.Main conclusionsWe conclude that there are major ecological differences between endemic and cosmopolitan genera of mammals.