Significant Differences In Motivation Research Articles

Motivation of non-monogamous adults to engage in sex with their different partners.

This study compared motivations of individuals in non-monogamous relationships to engage in sex with their different partners (n = 596, out of which 103 non-consensual non-monogamous, 135 polyamorous, 204 swinging, 154 in open relationships; women—38.8%, men—59.7%, other gender—1.5%; age range: from 18 to 65+ years; 86% of respondents between 25 and 54 years old; majority of the respondents are in a long-term relationship). The research aim was to identify whether there are differences in reasons to engage in sex with respondents’ primary versus secondary partners. Presented with 17 reasons to engage in sexual activity, the respondents rated the frequency with which they engage in sex for each reason with their different partners. Questions for 14 reasons to engage in sex were created based on the YSEX? questionnaire and three questions were created specifically for non-monogamous population. The three new questions addressed the desire for a specific type of sex (such as kink, fetish, etc.), desire to have sex with a partner of another gender than one’s primary partner, and desire to experience the thrill of the forbidden. The results indicated that there are significant differences in motivation to engage in sex with one’s primary versus secondary partner for most of the reasons. Additionally, this study investigated whether there are differences in motivation to engage in sex with different partners depending on the relationship arrangement. The data analysis shows that there are differences in reasons to engage in sex with one’s different partners between non-consensually and consensually non-monogamous groups. This research compliments existing body of research with new reasons to engage in sex, it demonstrates that non-monogamous people engage in sex with their different partners for different reasons and reveals that these may vary depending on the type of the relationship arrangement.

Motivation in Learning English: Do Age and Gender Matter?

For Indonesians, which are non-native English speakers, learning English is complex due to unpredictable spelling and complicated grammar. Even so, they are able to be experts in English since they possess a key element that is motivation. The learning motivation for each individual is different which may be influenced by gender and age factors. Therefore, this study exists to investigate the distinct motivation possessed by male and female learners as well as different age groups of learners. This study also aims to find out what kind of motivation each group had (intrinsic, instrumental, or integrative motivation) as well as its level. This research was conducted using a cross-sectional study by administering questionnaires to 64 participants. The sample of this study was 2nd, 4th, 6th, and 8th-semester students of English Language Education Department UINSA academic year 2020/2021. The findings revealed that there is a significant difference in motivation to learn English in terms of gender (Sig (2-tailed= .016), but none in distinct age groups (Sig (2-tailed=.707). Besides, both male and female learners obtained a moderate level in instrumental motivation. It was identical to the result of 2nd, 4th, 6th, and 8th-semester students. The findings of this study will be very fruitful for lecturers, students, and other researchers.

Motivation to Train East Java Badminton Athletes When Covid-19 Cases are High (The Year 2021) and When Covid-19 Cases Are Low (The Year 2022)

In 2022, cases of covid-19 in Indonesia have decreased compared to 2021. This has led to a loosening of rules related to social activities so that it has an impact on practising badminton. The purpose of this study was to determine the motivation to train East Java badminton athletes in 2021 and 2022. This study used a quantitative descriptive approach. The research subjects were badminton athletes, both male and female, who were included in the age group of teenagers, cadets and adults who were in 10 badminton clubs in 9 districts/cities in East Java Province. The research instrument used a motivational questionnaire that was validated by expert judgements with a total of 19 questions and 6 questions about the frequency, intensity, and duration of exercise. Data collection was carried out 2 times in June 2021 and March 2022 using an online google form. Data analysis used descriptive tests and paired t-tests using SPSS 20 software. The results showed that the motivation to train East Java badminton athletes was dominant in the moderate category with a percentage of 47.06% in 2021 and a percentage of 38.82% in 2022. The results of the t-test Pairs also show that there is a significant difference in motivation to train East Java badminton athletes between 2021 and 2022 on all indicators. The conclusion is that the motivation to train East Java badminton athletes in 2022 is better than in 2021.

Why do people do yoga? Examining motives across different types of yoga participants

ABSTRACT Yoga is a holistic movement practice offering physical exercise and opportunities for mind–body integration and spiritual growth. Therefore, participation motives in yoga may vary depending on whether participants perceive yoga as a physical exercise, a psycho-spiritual discipline, or both. This study aimed to (1) identify subgroups of yoga participants based on their perceptions of yoga and level of immersion in yoga’s psycho-spiritual principles and (2) determine the motives that best differentiate the identified subgroups. A total of 546 yoga participants, 18–73 years old (M = 40.00, SD = 11.85), completed an online survey, which included sections measuring perceptions of yoga, participation motives, yoga immersion, and practice characteristics. Using a two-step cluster analysis, three subgroups of yoga participants were identified: (1) Exercisers, (2) Yogis, and (3) Postural Yogis. MANCOVA indicated significant differences in motives across yoga participant subgroups. Follow-up discriminant function analyses revealed that spirituality, mind–body integration, and coping/stress management contributed the most in distinguishing the three participant subgroups. Results showed that identifiable subgroups exist among yoga participants, with varying motives for participation. Yoga-related studies and promotional messages need to consider how yoga is understood by the intended participants and highlight the motives that match the target subgroups to encourage participation.

By land or sea: Exploring motivations for outdoor adventure activities in a college student population

ABSTRACT Over the past several decades outdoor adventure recreation programs (OARPs) have seen an increase in popularity on university campuses across the country. This study used the Leisure Motivation Scale (LMS) developed, to measure motives for participation; that is, the study investigated college students’ motivations to participate in OARPs. Specifically, we sought to build a model for predicting interest in water or land-based activities based on experience levels and year in school. Using a sample of 152 participants from an OARP at a Midwestern University, results indicated significant differences in motivations based on stimulus avoidance. The findings from this study will help researchers and practitioners understand motivations for participation in OARPs and provide direction for more attractive and impactful outdoor programming.

International students’ motivation to study abroad – “Why are you studying at a Hungarian university?”

The Bologna Process facilitates students and staff mobility among 48 countries to bring more coherence to Higher Education systems across Europe (European Commission/EACEA/Eurydice, 2020). A great number of higher education institutions develop study abroad programs to attract more international students, but there is a systematic difference between students participating in such programs and thoese who are not, hence it is significantly important to get to know about international students’ motivation to study abroad. This study examined international students’ motivation using the two-factor model of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation proposed by the self-determination theory (SDT) of human motivation. A questionnaire was administered to 100 international students, 46 males and 54 females, aged 19 to 37 to explore the motivation to attend a Hungarian university. The results of the study show that the respondents endorsed more items on intrinsic motivation, than on extrinsic motivation. There is a significant difference in motivation among bachelor, master, and doctorate students. Master students demonstrate a higher level of stimulation, external, and identified regulation compared to bachelor and doctorate students. International students experience high-quality motivation – intrinsic motivation during studying at a Hungarian university, perceive themselves to be acting with a sense of autonomy, competence, and relatedness. The existing literature on international education mostly has focused on the skills and benefits students gain, but there has been limited research on international students' motivation. At the same time, knowledge about international students' motivation can be used in the program support and development which fits more to the motivational characteristics of international students.

Factors Affecting Learner Motivation in Physical Science at a Public School in the Gauteng Province: The Teacher’s Role

South Africa lags behind in terms of competing globally in science and technology. Thus, the purpose of the study was to investigate teacher factors that influenced learners’ motivation to learn science in a secondary school. The study also aimed to determine whether significant differences in motivation regarding teacher influence existed among age groups and genders. The research was conducted in a public secondary school in Gauteng province, South Africa with 462 learners from Grade 8 to Grade 11. Using a quantitative approach, the learners completed a questionnaire that involved several motivation constructs (mastery and performance goal oriented). The study identified some problems that could impact on learner motivation and also found that some significant differences existed among different grades and genders. A number of recommendations were made regarding the teacher’s role in motivating science learning.

Evaluating 360o Video's Learning Effectiveness and Experiences

Technology constantly provides tools with an educational potential, such as 360o videos. Despite the growing body of research regarding their impact on learning, primary school students are not a common target group. To fill this gap, the study compared the learning outcomes from the use of 360o videos presented using head-mounted displays (HMDs) with that of 360o videos presented using PC monitors and with printed material, having as a target group 46 students, aged 11 to 12. Virtual tours of archaeological sites was the theme of the learning content. A within-subjects research design was applied. The learning outcomes and students' enjoyment were better in the HMDs condition. However, there were no significant differences in motivation and ease of use. Immersion and subjective usefulness were greater only compared to printed material. None of the above factors had an impact on the learning outcomes. Overall, while it can be supported that 360o videos provide positive learning experiences, further studies will help to better understand their exact impact on learning.

The Effect of Distance Education on Self-efficacy towards Online Technologies and Motivation for Online Learning

This research aimed to investigate the effect of distance education during the COVID-19 pandemic on psychological counselor candidates’ self-efficacy perceptions towards online technologies and their motivation for online learning. Single group pretest-posttest model, a quantitative method, was used in the research. The study participants were third-year students at the Faculty of Education, Psychological Counseling and Guidance Department of a state university in the fall semester of 2020-2021. Demographic Information Form, Online Technologies Self-Efficacy Scale and Online Motivation Scale were used as data collection tools. As a result of the research, it was observed that the psychological counselor candidates’ self-efficacy for online technologies and online learning motivation scores were above the average. It was concluded that the distance education used during the COVID-19 pandemic caused a statistically significant difference in psychological counselor candidates’ self-efficacy towards online technologies, but did not cause a difference in their online learning motivation. There was no significant difference in self-efficacy according to gender and place of residence. However, while there was no significant difference in motivation according to gender, a significant difference was observed in regards to the place of residence in favor of citycenter. It is important to present psychological counselor candidates’ perceptions and motivations in regards to distance education, which is an ongoing process at the moment, for their professional development.

Understanding Graduate Student Parents: Influence of Parental Status, Gender, and Major on Graduate Students’ Motivation, Stress, and Satisfaction

Graduate student parents are a unique subpopulation in higher education that accounts for a large proportion of graduate students. While student parents struggle to balance multiple roles, female students in STEM fields may face more significant barriers in balancing family and academic responsibilities compared to male graduate student parents or female students in non-STEM fields. Despite the urgent need to support this special population, little attention has been paid to how parental status, major, and gender affect graduate students. In this quantitative study of 545 graduate students, we examined the influence of parental status, major, and gender on motivation, stress, and satisfaction. A series of factorial ANOVAs found significant differences in motivation and mental health between graduate student parents and non-parents. Our findings highlight the importance of providing adequate resources to graduate students according to their status.

Bantal Menyusui Memengaruhi Motivasi, Produksi ASI, dan Musculoskeletal Disorder pada Ibu Menyusui

Breastfeeding in a sitting position for 30 minutes with the mother's hand supporting the baby causes maternal fatigue. One way to increase motivation, breast milk production and reduce musculoskeletal disorder is by using a breastfeeding pillow. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of using a breastfeeding pillow on motivation, milk production, and musculoskeletal disorder of breastfeeding mothers in the Pringsewu Regency in 2020. This study is a quasi-research. experiment with post-test design with control group design. The sampling technique was purposive sampling, the number of samples was 48 breastfeeding mothers 0-1 months. The intervention group used a redesigned breastfeeding pillow, the control group used a regular breastfeeding pillow. The data were processed with univariate (mean) and bivariate analysis with Independent T-Test and Hotelling T-Test. The results showed that on average the respondents had the motivation to breastfeed in the high category, breast milk production in the good category, and musculoskeletal disorder in the not sick category. There were significant differences in motivation for breastfeeding, milk production, and musculoskeletal disorders between the group of mothers who used the redesigned breastfeeding pillow and the group that used the regular breastfeeding pillow. To midwives to promote the use of redesigned breastfeeding pillows to help increase motivation, milk production, and breastfeeding comfort so that musculoskeletal disorders do not occur and researchers can conduct further research with other variables that can affect motivation, milk production, and musculoskeletal disorders in breastfeeding mothers.

PENGARUH INTERVENSI MEDIA SOSIAL (WHATSAPP) DENGAN FLYER TERHADAP PERUBAHAN PERILAKU MEROKOK REMAJA PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI DESA TOMADO KECAMATAN LINDU

Adolescent smoking behavior is a behavior that endangers health, but there are still many teenagers who become smokers who started when they were teenagers or at the age of 11 years, especially teenage boys who often did this action. The use of appropriate media can affect the knowledge of respondents. In general, this study aims to determine the effect of social media intervention (whatsapp) with flyers on changes in adolescent smoking behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic in Tomado Village, Lindu District, Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi. And specifically, the research objective was to determine the effect of social media intervention (whatsapp) with flyers on smoking knowledge, smoking frequency, changes in smoking attitudes, and adolescent motivation to quit smoking. This type of research is a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest two group design. The research sample used purposive sampling method and obtained a sample of 40 people. The instrument of this research used questionnaires, observation sheets, pretest and posttest questionnaires, and media flyers. Analysis of research data using a comparative test, namely Paired sample t-test, and Independent t-test. The results showed that there was a significant difference in respondents' knowledge about the dangers of smoking in the intervention group, while in the control group it was found that there was no significant difference in respondents' knowledge; there was a significant difference in the frequency of adolescent smoking in the intervention group and the control group; there is a significant difference in adolescent smoking attitudes in the intervention group and the control group; there was a significant difference in motivation to quit smoking in the intervention group and the control group.

Differences in motivations and social impacts across urban agriculture types: Case studies in Europe and the US

Urban agriculture is an increasingly popular approach to addressing negative social and health effects of cities. Social benefits of urban agriculture include improved health and wellbeing, economic opportunities, social cohesion, and education. However, the extent to which urban agriculture participants are motivated by or experience these impacts has rarely been measured quantitatively, especially across the many different types of urban agriculture. We analyzed survey data from 74 urban agriculture sites in France, Germany, Poland, the United Kingdom, and the United States to quantitatively assess the relationships between urban agriculture types, farmers and gardeners’ motivations, and the social impacts of urban agriculture. Through factor analysis, we established valid and reliable measurements of participants’ motivations and impacts. We identified four scales: general wellbeing impacts, nutritional health impacts, economic interests, and socialization motivations. Through multivariate analysis of variance, we document significant differences in motivations and reported impacts across types of urban agriculture. Finally, we conducted a multilevel multivariate analysis to explore the predictors of general wellbeing impacts. Participants with stronger economic interests, stronger socialization motivations, and who are owners or primary operators of their plots would be predicted to report greater general wellbeing impacts of urban agriculture. These results provide data about the impacts of urban agriculture projects that enable urban planners and policymakers to maximize the desired social benefits of urban agriculture.

The Seneb's Enigma: Impact of a Hybrid Personal and Social Responsibility and Gamification Model-Based Practice on Motivation and Healthy Habits in Physical Education.

Increasing physical activity (PA) and personal and social values are two of the greatest demands in the current educational system. This study examined the effects of a program based on the hybridization of the Personal and Social Responsibility Model and gamification. A total of 58 students (13.89 years old, SD = 1.14) in two groups (experimental and control) participated during a complete academic year. Motivation, physical activity and sedentary behavior were assessed through questionnaires. Physical fitness was evaluated using previously validated field tests. The results showed significant differences over time between the experimental group (EG) and control group (CG) in afterschool physical activity (APA) during the weekend (p = 0.003), sedentary time (p = 0.04) and speed–agility (p = 0.04). There were no significant differences in motivation. In reference to the intervention, the speed–agility (p = 0.000), strength (p = 0.000), agility (p = 0.000), cardiorespiratory fitness (p = 0.001), APA–weekend (p = 0.000), APA–week (p = 0.000) and sedentary time (p = 0.000) increased significantly in the EG. The speed–agility (p = 0.000), APA–weekend (p = 0.03) and sedentary time (p = 0.008) increased in the CG. The implementation of a program based on the hybridization of pedagogical models can be useful in producing improvements in physical fitness, physical activity and sedentary behaviors.

Motivation, Attitude, And Competence of Physical Education Students

In education, physical education is the subject that plays a very critical role in educating the whole student. This study investigated the level of motivation, attitude, and competence towards physical education of 400 1st and 2nd-year students at the University of Eastern Philippines.  This study utilized a structured survey questionnaire analyzed through simple descriptive statistics, Pearson-r, chi-square, and ANOVA. The results of the study showed a significant relationship between variables as rated by the respondents. There was also a significant difference in motivation among respondents when they are group according to the program. But does not show any significance to the students for attitude and competence. The results implied that a proposed action plan be implemented to improve students' attitude towards physical education, be them more motivated and highly competent in the subject.

Motives for visiting the national parks of Serbia

This paper explores motives for visiting national parks in Serbia. The results were obtained from the responses of 840 visitors who were surveyed while they were staying in Serbia’s national parks during June 2020. The aim of the paper is to examine whether the motives for visiting the parks correlate with visitors’ sociodemographic characteristics: gender, age, educational level and employment status. The results showed that there are statistically significant differences in motives to visit national parks in relation to gender, while among other sociodemographic characteristics such as employment status, education and age, the correlation is negligible. The scientific contribution of the paper lies in the possibility of applying the research results elsewhere, to help understand visitors’ motives, as well as create attractive tourist offers in national parks based on sustainable development.

Motives for visiting the national parks of Serbia

This paper explores motives for visiting national parks in Serbia. The results were obtained from the responses of 840 visitors who were surveyed while they were staying in Serbia’s national parks during June 2020. The aim of the paper is to examine whether the motives for visiting the parks correlate with visitors’ sociodemographic characteristics: gender, age, educational level and employment status. The results showed that there are statistically significant differences in motives to visit national parks in relation to gender, while among other sociodemographic characteristics such as employment status, education and age, the correlation is negligible. The scientific contribution of the paper lies in the possibility of applying the research results elsewhere, to help understand visitors’ motives, as well as create attractive tourist offers in national parks based on sustainable development.

Collective Efficacy and Communication Ability according to Emotional Intelligence in Nursing Students

Background: The purpose of this study was to examine differences in collective efficacy and communicationability according to the degree of emotional intelligence in nursing students.Methods: The participants of this study were 185 nursing students. Data were collected through personalinterviews using a questionnaire from October 8 to 22, 2019. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics,t tests, one-way analysis of variance, and Pearson’s correlation coefficients.Conclusion: Emotional intelligence, collective efficacy and communication ability according to the generalcharacteristics commonly showed significant differences in motivation to choose the department andsatisfaction with the major. The group with the top 25% emotional intelligence showed a higher degree ofcollective efficacy and communication ability that the group with the bottom 25% emotional intelligence.Emotional intelligence showed significant positive correlations with collective efficacy and communicationability. It is necessary to develop and apply programs to improve the level of emotional intelligence innursing students, and these programs will improve collective efficacy and communication ability.

The Effectiveness of Education to Increase Motivation and Primary Cervical Cancer Prevention Actions

Cervical cancer is a type of malignancy found among women, with the second highest number of sufferers globally aged 15 to 44. However, the motivation for women to do cervical cancer prevention is still low. This study aimed to test the effectiveness of education on motivation and primary prevention measures for cervical cancer in young women. The research method used was an experimental design with a pre-test post-test control group design. The sampling technique used was a proportional random sampling of 150 respondents who met the inclusion criteria, 75 as the experimental group, and 75 as the control group. The statistical test used was Wilcoxon and Mann Whitney test. The Wilcoxon test results showed that the p score was 0.000 <0.05, which means a significant difference in motivation and action in the experimental and control groups before and after education. Test results. Mann Whitney showed a p score was 0.000 <0.05. Based on these results, it can be concluded that education effectively increases motivation and the primary prevention of cervical cancer.

Work motivation, job satisfaction, and nursing record-keeping: do they differ in surgery and internal disease departments?

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the level of work motivation, job satisfaction, and nursing record-keeping, and to analyse differences in job satisfaction, work motivation, and level of nursing record-keeping in two wards. Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted. Methods: The study involved nurses employed in the Department of Surgery and the Department of Internal Medicine. The nurses voluntarily and anonymously completed the Multidimensional Work Motivation Scale and a questionnaire that included job satisfaction and demographic information. Nursing records were taken from the health institution computer database. Results: A significant difference in motivation was observed in favor of Surgery nurses (p = 0.005), and a significant difference in job satisfaction was observed in favor of Internal Diseases Department nurses (p = 0.039). Surgery employees were significantly better at keeping nursing records (p < 0.00001). Conclusion: The level of job satisfaction and work motivation are not proportional to the level of nursing record-keeping.