Significant Difference In Loneliness Research Articles

성매매 여성의 외상 경험과 이성 관계 집착

본 연구는 성매매 여성의 이성 관계 집착 양상을 일반 여성과 비교한 후 매매 아동기 외상 및 성매매 중 외상 경험이 이성 관계 집착에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구대상은 성매매 여성 및 일반 여성 각 42명이었다. 연구 결과, 성매매 여성은 일반 여성에 비해 이성 관계 집착 중 외로움, 질투, 과민함에서는 차이가 없었으나 거절에 대한 두려움과 의심이 유의하게 높았다. 또한 성매매 여성의 경우 성매매중의 외상 경험은 이성 관계 집착과 상관이 없었으나, 아동기 외상은 이성 관계 집착과 관련성이 있었고 특히 방임 및 가족 내 비밀은 이성 관계 집착과 행동과 유의한 관련성이 높았다. 일반 여성의 경우 아동기 외상이 이성 관계 집착과 유의미한 상관이 있었으며 가족 내 비밀과 신체 학대가 이성 관계 집착과 유의미한 상관을 보였다. 마지막으로 회귀 분석결과, 일반 여성의 경우는 아동기 외상 중 신체적 학대가 이성 관계 집착에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 성매매 여성의 경우는 방임이란 아동기 외상요인이 이성관계 집착에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 드러났다. This study investigated the characteristics of obsessive behaviors in romantic relationship of 42 female sex workers and the effect of traumatic experiences on them. Research results that there was no significant difference in loneliness, jealousy, over sensitiveness between the female sex workers group and the controls. But fear of rejection and doubt in the romantic relationship are significantly higher in the female sex workers group than in the controls. Among the subscales, childhood neglect and family secret were most frequently associated with the various obsessive behaviors. This is also the case for the control group, with family secret and physical abuse being the most. Finally, in regression analysis, in the control group, childhood physical abuse had the biggest impact on the obsessive behaviors in romantic relationship. On the other hand, the target group, childhood neglect had the biggest impact on the obsessive behaviors in romantic relationship.

A Comparison of Lurkers and Posters Within Infertility Online Support Groups

Current research shows that online support groups can offer people affected by infertility a unique and valuable source of social support. However, to date most research has focused on the experiences of people who post messages to online infertility support groups; in comparison, little is known about how "lurkers" (i.e., those individuals who read messages but do not post messages) use and benefit from online infertility support groups. The purpose of the present study was to compare the use and experience of online infertility support groups between lurkers and posters. A total of 295 participants who were recruited from several online infertility support groups completed an online questionnaire containing questions about their use and experience of online support groups and measures of loneliness, social support, marital satisfaction, and perceived infertility-related stress. Differences between lurkers and posters were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U and χ or Fisher exact tests. Results revealed that compared with posters, lurkers visited the online support groups less often and scored significantly lower in overall satisfaction with the online support group. However, both lurkers and posters reported gaining a range of unique benefits from access to an online support group. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in loneliness, social support, infertility-related stress, and marital satisfaction between lurkers and posters. These findings suggest that reading messages posted to online support groups may be as beneficial as interacting with the group.

Relationship of Peer Relationships, Perceived Parental Rearing Attitudes, Self-reported Attachment Security, to Loneliness in Upper Elementary School-age Children

The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship of peer relationships, self-reported attachment security, perceived parental rearing attitudes, and loneliness in upper elementary school-age children. The data were collected from 207 students in grades 5 or 6, and descriptive statistics, t-test, Pearson correlation coefficients and Stepwise multiple regression were used with the SPSS/PC 12.0 program to analyze the data. There was a significant difference in loneliness between the upper 25% and lower 25% groups of peer relationships, perceived parental rearing attitudes, and self-reported attachment security. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed affection-hostility in parental rearing attitudes, validation and conflict in peer relationships, and attachment security explained 39.6% of the total variance in loneliness. These results may contribute to a better understanding of loneliness in upper elementary school-age children. The results of the present study indicate a need to develop nursing interventions to prevent and manage children's loneliness.

Personal and family effects on loneliness

A loneliness scale was administered to a sample of 876 kindergarten through fourth- grade children; and age level, sex, and reading level were recorded. Data on family structure, maternal employment, and after-school care were obtained on a subsample of 582 children, and a sociometric rating scale was administered to a subsample of 354 children. A significant difference in loneliness was found between popular and rejected children, and the correlation between loneliness and the sociometric measure was significant, but modest. A 2 (Age Level) × 2 (School SES) × 2 (Sex) × 3 (Reading Level) ANOVA indicated that age affected loneliness, with older children reporting loneliness to a greater extent than younger children. Children from schools in lower socioeconomic status (SES) neighborhoods did not differ from children in middle SES schools, and boys and girls did not differ in loneliness. Reading level influenced loneliness, with superior readers being least lonely and below-grade level readers being loneliest. A 3 (Family Structure) × 2 (Maternal Employment) × 4 (After-School Care) ANOVA indicated that family structure affected loneliness, with children in two-parent and single-parent families being less lonely than children in other configurations. Maternal employment had no effect. Children who went home to mothers after school and children who went to organized after-school day-care programs did not differ, but these two groups differed from latchkey children and from children who had other types of after-school care.