Significant Difference In Intervention Group Research Articles

Incentives for pregnant mothers during antenatal care for better maternal and neonatal health outcomes in low and middle income countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background Universal access to maternal, newborn, and child healthcare is essential for achieving Sustainable Development Goal 3, but the effectiveness of various incentive-based programs for pregnant mothers in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) remains uncertain. Objective of this systematic review was to determine if incentive-based interventions influenced maternal and neonatal health outcomes. Methods We conducted a search in various databases from inception. All incentive-based interventional studies conducted on pregnant women in LMICs were included. Evidence from the included trials was synthesized using risk ratios (RRs) to compare the outcomes between groups receiving incentives and not receiving incentives. The meta-analysis was conducted using random-effects model. We assessed the quality of the included studies using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool and reviewed the collected data to determine its suitability for meta-analysis. This study is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021247681). Results Of the 3,897 records that were identified, 11 met eligibility criteria, all of which exhibited varying degrees of risk of bias, ranging from high to some concerns. Analysis of maternal outcomes across studies revealed no significant differences in the likelihood of delivering at a healthcare facility (RR 1.13, 95% CI: 0.86 to 1.47) and in frequency of prenatal care (RR 0.99, 95% CI: 0.88 to 1.12) between intervention and control groups. However, high levels of statistical heterogeneity were observed for both outcomes indicating variability among study results. Similarly, analysis of tetanus vaccine coverage showed no significant difference between groups (RR 1.00, 95% CI: 0.92 to 1.08), with moderate statistical heterogeneity observed. Conclusion The maternal and neonatal outcomes examined in this review did not have any significant differences in intervention group when compared to the control group. The interventions to address maternal health concerns need to follow a multifactorial approach. There is a need for extensive primary research studies in the future.

Effect Of Online Sessions On Pregnant Mother’s Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Knowledge And Practice

Background: Breastfeeding self-efficacy is an important motivating factor that influences breastfeeding success. Aim: To evaluate effect of online educational sessions on pregnant mothers ‘breastfeeding self-efficacy during pandemics. Study design: A quasi- experimental design was conducted. Study Setting: The study was conducted in antenatal clinic at new general hospital. Study subjects: A purposive sample of 212 pregnant mothers who were chosen according to eligible criteria. Tools: A structured interviewing schedule, it consists of Socio- demographic & Obstetrical data of the studied Pregnant mother, and studied pregnant mother’s knowledge toward breastfeeding self-efficacy questionnaire, and breastfeeding self-efficacy scale–form. Results: The present study results shows that there was a highly statistically significant differences in intervention group for total knowledge score of self-efficacy as it raised from 12.37± 5.16 to 19.41±2.20 with p<0.0001, also, there was a highly statistically significant differences in intervention group for total breastfeeding self-efficacy pre and post the intervention as p=(<0.0001), also, there was a strong positive correlation between total knowledge score of selfefficacy, socio- demographic & obstetrical data of the studied pregnant mother as increasing total knowledge score usually associated with improve breastfeeding self-efficacy practice score post intervention. Conclusion: Online sessions had significant positive effects on self- efficacy knowledge, also practice of the intervention group regarding breastfeeding. Recommendation: Implementing online sessions to improve pregnant women’s selfefficacy regarding breastfeeding in different setting

Efficacy of Oral Magnesium on Bone Regeneration and Implant Stability in Immediate Dental Implants: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

The successful osseointegration around immediate implants requires high quality and quantity of osteogenesis around them. The role of magnesium as a boneenhancing mineral, and as an adjunctive analgesic has been well documented in orthopedic literature. However, there is a paucity of literature in its role in successful osseointegration around immediate implants. This randomized controlled trial sought to assess the promising impact of magnesium on osseointegration by examining various aspects of implant stability, correlating them with serum bone markers, and establishing a foundation for future research on its potential as a potent analgesic. Immediate implant placement was done after the extraction of the indicated mandibular molar tooth, and all the patients were segregated into 2 groups (Placebo- Lactose, and Magnesium citrate). Bone regenerate in the peri-implant area was assessed radiographically immediate post-operatively, on the 6th week and 12 weeks. Implant stability was measured immediate post-operatively, at the 4th week and 12th week. Serum parameters were procured pre-operatively and post-operatively for serum calcium, serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and serum parathyroid hormone at the 8th week, and serum vitamin D3 levels preoperatively. 54 immediate implants placed showed the demographics and baseline serum, clinical, and radiographic parameters were comparable in both groups. Analysis of Implant Stability Quotient at 12th week showed statistically significant difference in intervention group both on intergroup and intragroup analysis. Radiodensity measurement showed a statistically significant difference in both intragroup and intergroup analysis in the intervention group at the 6th and 12th week. In bone gap analysis, the difference in mean change in the horizontal bone gap (HG) at 6 weeks was non-significant while the difference in HG at the 12th week was significant in the intervention group. On intragroup analysis, mean change HG at 6 weeks and 12 weeks both were significant only in intervention group. Intergroup analysis of vertical bone gap (VG) 12 and VG 12-0 (mean difference in the vertical bone gap from 12th week-day 0) showed a statistically significant difference in the intervention group. On intragroup analysis, VG 12 was significantly better in the intervention group. On serum analysis, ALP post-operatively was found to be significantly raised (P=0.013) in intervention group. Numerical rating Scale (NRS) analysis showed a significant decrease in post-op day 5 and 7, (P=0.017) and (P=0.002) respectively. The oral magnesium citrate supplementation after immediate implant placement helps in enhancing the stability of the immediate implants, along with improved radiodensity around them which was found to be statistically significant. It also helps in reducing the horizontal, and vertical gap around the implant and has significant analgesic potential.

Distraction Technique using a Cooling Vibrator Reduces the Pain of Vein-puncture in Children

Background: Typhoid fever is commony found disease at the hospital. One of the treatments for typhoid fever is intravenous fluid therapy. This procedure certainly causing pain. Actions to minimize pain to children when infusion is carried out are part of the principles of atraumatic care. One of the atraumatic principle can be performed on children is the use of vibrators and cold compresses to minimize pain.Purpose: To determine the effectiveness of vibrator and cold compress against pain in children when taking venous blood.Methods: This research using true experimental with a post-test in control group and divided into 2 groups, intervention and control groups. This research will determine the effectiveness of cooling vibrator. Assessing children's pain using the FLACC instrument. The study was conducted at Tidore Islands Hospital. Data processing was tested with Mann-Whitney test.Result: Mostly respondents are 4 years old. both of them experiencing of having blood drawn before. Most of the control and intervention groups were women. There are differences pain scores founded, in the intervention group was 3.13 and in the control group was 7.87. The results of statistical tests showed that there was a significant difference in pain during venipuncture in the intervention group and the control group.Conclusion: The statistical test show there was a significant difference in intervention group and the control group. The use of a cooling vibrator can be an alternative to reduce pain in children during venipuncture.

Impact of Continuous Nursing Intervention on Quality of Life in Patients with Acute Leukemia

Objective: To assess impact of continuous nursing intervention on quality of life in patients with acute leukemia. Methods: the valid data was collected from 202 patients during July 2019 to February 2021. In the early stages of the study, participants were randomly assigned to either an intervention or a control group. Control group participants received common nursing intervention during treatment. In another group, the participants who received additional continuous nursing intervention based on common nursing intervention were defined as the intervention group. The data included age, sex, education, marital status, duration of illness, number of treatments, quality of life assessments, and physical functioning status. Result: All results of characteristic were no significant difference between control group and intervention group. In addition, after carrying out nursing intervention, control group participants had better improvement in some indexes of quality-of-life, such as Physiological, Social/family, and Emotional. However, comparing with control group, function, leukemia specific module, and total score were significant difference in intervention group (p < 0.05). Also, we observed that intervention group participants had better physical functional status after carrying out nursing intervention, their physical functional status assessment was significant higher compare with control group participants. Conclusion: continuous nursing intervention can improve quality of life and physical function in patients with acute leukemia in long term. compared with common nursing intervention, continuous nursing intervention is more likely to improve patients by changing their behavior so that patients' quality of life and physical function are imperceptibly improved over the long term.

The efficacy of social cognitive theory-based self-care intervention for rational antibiotic use: a randomized trial.

Misuse of antibiotics can be described as a failure to complete treatment, skipping of the doses and reuse of leftover medicines and overuse of antibiotics. Health education interventions are expected to enhance awareness and general belief on rational antibiotics use. Therefore, the study aimed to determine the efficacy of social cognitive theory (SCT)-based self-care intervention for rational antibiotic use. This randomized trial was conducted in a sample of 260 adults. The study participants were randomly assigned as the intervention (n=130) and a control (n=130) groups. The intervention group received self-care educational intervention of four sessions lasting 45-60 min augmented with the text messages and the control groups attended usual education program in health centers. The study participants were invited to complete questionnaires at the baseline and end of the intervention. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 23.0. Chi-square (X2), independent t-test and covariance analysis were used for data analysis. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. After the intervention, all SCT constructs revealed significant differences in the intervention group compared with control groups (P<0.001). Awareness and general beliefs of rational antibiotic use showed a significant difference in intervention group before and after six months (P<0.001) whereas in control group no significant differences (P>0.05). The study suggested that tailored appropriate educational programs based on SCT constructs can reflect a positive impact on appropriate antibiotics use. Therefore, a tailored health promotion intervention should be provided to enhance the awareness and general beliefs of the target groups.

BASNEF Model intervention on blood pressure modification among hypertensive diabetic patients.

BACKGROUND:Prevalence of hypertension in patients with type 2 diabetes is two to three times more than nondiabetic patients. This study aimed at assessing the impacts of an educational program based on BASNEF Model on blood pressure modification among diabetic patients with hypertension.MATERIALS AND METHODS:Two hundred patients with type 2 diabetes were recruited in an educational intervention study among two groups. The intervention group attended a 3-month self-care educational program regarding hypertension control in addition to the regular care presented for both the groups. Another group received no extra program except regular treatment. To collect information about demographic characteristics, type 2 diabetes-related variables, and BASNEF Model construct items, a self-designed questionnaire was utilized. Data analyzed by SPSS version 16 using Chi-square, independent t-test, and paired t-test.RESULTS:Knowledge, behavioral beliefs, attitude to action, enabling factors, subjective norms, and practice were significantly higher in intervention group as compared to the controls (P < 0.001). In addition, blood pressure revealed significant differences in intervention group before and after program using paired t-test (P = 0.001) while in the control group, there was no significant difference in blood pressure (P = 0.54).DISCUSSION:The study results revealed a significant change in blood pressure and model constructs in intervention group compared to control. This research suggested intervention program based on BASNEF Model has essentially effectiveness in blood pressure modification among diabetic patients.CONCLUSION:BASNEF Model has effectiveness to high blood modification among diabetic patients with hypertension.

The impact of movie therapy on vulnerable women’s self-esteem referring to non-governmental social service clinics of Tehran

Background: Movie therapy is one of the approaches to increase the mental health and to decrease anxiety and depression. This study was performed to determine the impact of movie therapy on women’s self-esteem. Methods: In this quasiexperimental study, sample included the women aged 20 to 50 who had visited the non-governmental social service clinics of Tehran in 2013. The participants of this study were 30 women that were assigned into two groups of intervention and control. The instrument for data collection was 10-itemRosenberg self-esteem scale which was completed before and after watching eight movies with psychological content of challenge and promotion of self-esteem aspects by intervention and control groups. The obtained data were fed into SPSS-18 software and analyzed via descriptive statistics, ANCOVA and independent t-test. Results: The mean score of self-esteem in intervention group increased from 7.07±1.88 before to 15.8±1.29 after intervention; whereas, this declined from 6.54±1.12 to 5.76±1.52 in control group, indicating a significant difference in intervention group (P=0.0001). Conclusion: the findings of this study showed that watching the selected movies with content of challenge and promotion of self-esteem aspects can be effective in increasing vulnerable women’s self-esteem as an easy and independent psycho-educational approach.

CHANGES IN RESPONSE OF VASTUS LATERALIS AND BICEPS FEMORIS AFTER A PHYSICAL ACTIVITY PROGRAM IN SUBJECTS DIAGNOSED WITH ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE

ObjetiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a physical activity (PA) program and subsequent detraining on the contractile capacity of the Vastus Lateralis (VL) and Biceps...

A methodological look at the controversy about the influence of salt intake on cardiovascular risk

Cardiovascular diseases are a major cause of premature death and disability. They represent an extraordinarily strong financial burden upon health-care systems in ‘‘developed’’ countries. Elevated blood pressure is a major cause of cardiovascular disease. There is much evidence that cardiovascular risk increases from normal blood pressure (i.e., from 115/75 mmHg upwards) [1]. Overwhelming evidence shows that reducing salt intake from 9–12 g/day to 5–6 g/day lowers blood pressure [2]. Blood pressure is a surrogate endpoint, but may be related to a reduction of morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular causes. Thus, intensive support and encouragement to cut down on the intake of salt in foods might reduce cardiovascular risk. Such a primary prevention strategy might significantly reduce social and health-care costs. The metaanalysis published simultaneously by Taylor et al. [3, 4] in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and the American Journal of Hypertension deals with this important issue. Specifically, it assesses the long-term effects of interventions aimed at reducing dietary salt upon morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular causes. They found 7 studies (involving 6,489 participants) that met the inclusion criteria. Three of the seven studies focused on normotensive subjects; two on hypertensives; one in a mixed population of normotensives and hypertensives; and one in subjects with heart failure (n = 232). Despite the large number of collated cardiovascular events (665 deaths in 6,250 participants), the meta-analyses fails to show significant differences in intervention groups compared with controls. There is only limited evidence that dietary advice to reduce salt intake may increase the prevalence of deaths in people with heart failure [relative risk at the end of the trial: 2.59; 95 % confidence interval (CI), 1.04–6.44; 21 deaths]. The authors conclude that there is insufficient power to exclude the clinically important effects of reduced dietary salt on mortality or cardiovascular morbidity in normotensive or hypertensive populations. Moreover, they state that further evidences from randomized controlled trials would be needed to confirm if the restriction of dietary sodium is harmful for people with heart failure. In a recent comment, two preventive-medicine experts, Dr. He and Professor MacGregor [5], criticize the metaanalysis published by Taylor et al. [3, 4]. In their opinion, meta-analysis ‘‘reflects poorly on the reputation of the Cochrane Library and the authors’’. The two experts make statements regarding the fact that one trial in heart failure did not have to be included in the meta-analysis; they claimed that the trial was clinically heterogeneous. Indeed, patients who had been included in that trial were severely depleted of salt and water due to aggressive diuretic therapy. Moreover, the experts re-analyzed the data by combining together the results for hypertensive and normotensive subjects. Their results show a significant reduction in cardiovascular events by 20 % (pooled relative risk: 0.80; 95 % CI, 0.64–0.99). The meta-analysis was undertaken using the fixed-effect model because the heterogeneity among studies did not reach the standard probability value for significance. However, this could be the case of ‘‘not practicing what you preach’’. Despite accepting statistical homogeneity according to Cochrane’s Q test (p = 0.36) and the low value of the I index (only 6 % diversity among trials was detected), pooling data from two populations (hypertensives and normotensives) S. Corrao (&) L. Calvo G. Licata Centre of Research for Effectiveness and Appropriateness in Medicine (C.R.E.A.M.), Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Subspecialties, University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127 Palermo, Italy e-mail: s.corrao@tiscali.it